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Kostova I. Anticancer Metallocenes and Metal Complexes of Transition Elements from Groups 4 to 7. Molecules 2024; 29:824. [PMID: 38398576 PMCID: PMC10891901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the progression in the field of bioinorganic chemistry, the role of transition metal complexes as the most widely used therapeutics is becoming a more and more attractive research area. The complexes of transition metals possess a great variety of attractive pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-infective, etc., activities. Transition metal complexes have proven to be potential alternatives to biologically active organic compounds, especially as antitumor agents. The performance of metal coordination compounds in living systems is anticipated to differ generally from the action of non-metal-containing drugs and may offer unique diagnostic and/or therapeutic opportunities. In this review, the rapid development and application of metallocenes and metal complexes of elements from Groups 4 to 7 in cancer diagnostics and therapy have been summarized. Most of the heavy metals discussed in the current review are newly discovered metals. That is why the use of their metal-based compounds has attracted a lot of attention concerning their organometallic and coordination chemistry. All of this imposes more systematic studies on their biological activity, biocompatibility, and toxicity and presupposes further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Cseh K, Berasaluce I, Fuchs V, Banc A, Schweikert A, Prado-Roller A, Hejl M, Wernitznig D, Koellensperger G, Jakupec MA, Kandioller W, Malarek MS, Keppler BK. Anticancer Tungstenocenes with a Diverse Set of ( O,O-), ( O, S-) and ( O, N-) Chelates-A Detailed Biological Study Using an Improved Evaluation via 3D Spheroid Models. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1875. [PMID: 37514061 PMCID: PMC10384408 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization and biological activity of tungstenocenes with varying biologically active (O,O-), (S,O-) and (N,O-) chelates are described. Complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis, ESI-mass spectrometry, FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The aqueous stability was studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy and the WIV to WV process by cyclic voltammetry. The cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT assay in A549, CH1/PA-1 and SW480 cancer cells as well as in IMR-90 human fibroblasts. Extensive biological evaluation was performed in three other human cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT29 and MCF-7) in monolayer and multicellular tumor spheroid cultures to better understand the mode of action. Lead compounds showed promising in vitro anticancer activity in all cancer cell lines. Further studies yielded important insights into apoptosis induction, ROS generation, different patterns in metal distribution (detected by LA-ICP-TOF-MS), changes in KI67 (proliferation marker) expression and DNA interactions. The results based on qualitative and quantitative research designs show that complexes containing (S,O-) chelates are more active than their (O,O-) and (N,O-) counterparts. The most striking results in spheroid models are the high antiproliferative capacity and the different distribution pattern of two complexes differing only in a W-S or W-O bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Cseh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iker Berasaluce
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Fuchs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Banc
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schweikert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Prado-Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Debora Wernitznig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael S Malarek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, A 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Neutral W(V) Complexes Featuring the W2O2(µ-O)2 Core and Amino Acids or EDTA Derivatives as Ligands: Synthesis and Structural Characterization. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinuclear complexes of heavy metals, such as tungsten, have demonstrated considerable potential as candidates for advanced radiocontrast agents. Of particular interest is the development of stable non-ionic compounds with high metal content and reasonably low osmolality in solution. Accordingly, we have synthesized a series of neutral W(V) complexes that contain the W2O2(µ-O)2 core and amino acids or disubstituted EDTA derivatives as ligands. The compounds were prepared from the oxalatotungstate(V) complex via a convenient procedure utilizing microwave heating. Their detailed characterization was accomplished by electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS), 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Further experiments to evaluate the utility of the complexes as radiocontrast media were precluded by their poor aqueous solubility.
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Narváez‐Pita X, Meléndez E. Binding studies of ferrocene‐steroid conjugates with human serum albumin as potential drug carrier using fluorescence spectroscopy and in silico docking approach. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez Puerto Rico
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Güette Fernández JR, Pita XN, Meléndez E, Parés Matos EI. Interaction of metallocene dichlorides with apo-human transferrin: A spectroscopic study and cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (EDMOND, OKLA.) 2020; 5:79-109. [PMID: 33205002 PMCID: PMC7668563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallocene dichlorides (Cp2M(IV)Cl2) are the first class of small and hydrophobic organometallic compounds classified as anticancer agents against numerous cancer cell lines and tumors. In this study, the antiproliferative activities of Cp2VCl2,Cp2NbCl2, Cp2HfCl2 and Cp2ZrCl2were assessed on two human cancer cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7) using MTT assay. Spectroscopic studies were also conducted using these and other known metallocene dichlorides on apo-human transferrin (apo-hTf) at pH 7.4. UV-Vis and CD showed that their interaction with apo-hTf could induce conformational changes of its secondary structure during binding process. In fluorescence, a decrease in intensity of the emission peak was observed when the apo-hTf:Cp2M(IV)Cl2 complex is being formed, probably due to changes in the microenvironment of its tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Among all metallocene dichlorides studied, Cp2VCl2 has the strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of apo-hTf through a static quenching mechanism. The association constants for each protein-compound complex were also determined at different temperatures (296 K, 303 K, 310 K, and 317 K) based on fluorescence quenching results. Positive enthalpy changes (ΔH) and entropy changes (ΔS) as well as negative free energies (ΔG) suggest that hydrophobic interactions are the main intermolecular forces involved in the binding process, probably via an endothermic and spontaneous reaction mechanism. The distance, r, between donor (apo-hTf) and acceptor (Cp2M(IV)Cl2) obtained according to Forster's theory of non-radiation energy transfer suggest that the energy transfer from apo-hTf to Cp2M(IV)Cl2 occurs with high probability and distances obtained by FRET with high accuracy.
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Güette-Fernández JR, Meléndez E, Maldonado-Rojas W, Ortega-Zúñiga C, Olivero-Verbel J, Parés-Matos EI. A molecular docking study of the interactions between human transferrin and seven metallocene dichlorides. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 75:250-265. [PMID: 28609757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human Transferrin (hTf) is a metal-binding protein found in blood plasma and is well known for its role in iron delivery. With only a 30% of its capacity for Fe+3 binding, this protein has the potential ability to transport other metal ions or organometallic compounds from the blood stream to all cell tissues. In this perspective, recent studies have described seven metallocene dichlorides (Cp2M(IV)Cl2, M(IV)=V, Mo, W, Nb, Ti, Zr, Hf) suitable as anticancer drugs and less secondary effects than cisplatin. However, these studies have not provided enough data to clearly explain how hTf binds and transports these organometallic compounds into the cells. Thus, a computational docking study with native apo-hTf using Sybyl-X 2.0 program was conducted to explore the binding modes of these seven Cp2M(IV)Cl2 after their optimization and minimization using Gaussian 09. Our model showed that the first three Cp2M(IV)Cl2 (M(IV)=V, Mo, W) can interact with apo-hTf on a common binding site with the amino acid residues Leu-46, Ile-49, Arg-50, Leu-66, Asp-69, Ala-70, Leu-72, Ala-73, Pro-74 and Asn-75, while the next four Cp2M(IV)Cl2 (M(IV)=Nb, Ti, Zr, Hf) showed different binding sites, unknown until now. A decreasing order in the total score (equal to -log Kd) was observed from these docking studies: W (5.4356), Mo (5.2692), Nb (5.1672), V (4.5973), Ti (3.6529), Zr (2.0054) and Hf (1.8811). High and significant correlation between the affinity of these seven ligands (metallocenes) for apo-hTf and their bond angles CpMCp (r=0.94, p<0.01) and Cl-M-Cl (r=0.95, p<0.01) were observed, thus indicating the important role that these bond angles can play in ligand-protein interactions. Fluorescence spectra of apo-hTf, measured at pH 7.4, had a decrease in the fluorescence emission spectrum with increasing concentration of Cp2M(IV)Cl2. Experimental data has a good correlation between KA (r=0.84, p=0.027) and Kd (r=0.94, p=0.0014) values and the calculated total scores obtained from our docking experiments. In conclusion, these results suggest that the seven Cp2M(IV)Cl2 used for this study can interact with apo-hTf, and their affinity was directly and inversely proportional to their bond angles CpMCp and ClMCl, respectively. Our docking studies also suggest that the binding of the first three Cp2M(IV)Cl2 (M(IV)=V, Mo, W) to hTf could abrogate the formation of the hTf-receptor complex, and as a consequence the metallocene-hTf complex might require another transport mechanism in order to get into the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R Güette-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry at Mayagüez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130014, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry at Mayagüez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Wilson Maldonado-Rojas
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130014, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ortega-Zúñiga
- Department of Chemistry at Mayagüez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130014, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130014, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Elsie I Parés-Matos
- Department of Chemistry at Mayagüez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681.
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Carmona-Negrón JA, Flores-Rivera MM, Díaz-Reyes Z, Moore CE, Rheigold AL, Meléndez E. Crystal structure of 16-ferrocenylmethyl-3β-hydroxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one: a potential chemotherapeutic drug. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:868-71. [PMID: 27308062 PMCID: PMC4908549 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016008446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new ferrocene complex, 16-ferrocenylmethyl-3β-hy-droxy-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate, [Fe(C5H5)(C24H27O2)]·C2H6OS, has been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The mol-ecule crystallizes in the space group P21 with one mol-ecule of dimethyl sulfoxide. A hydrogen bond links the phenol group and the dimethyl sulfoxide O atom, with an O⋯O distance of 2.655 (5) Å. The ferrocene group is positioned in the β face of the estrone moiety, with an O-C-C-C torsion angle of 44.1 (5)°, and the carbonyl bond length of the hormone moiety is 1.216 (5) Å, typical of a C=O double bond. The average Fe-C bond length of the substituted Cp ring [Fe-C(Cp*)] is similar to that of the unsubstituted one [Fe-C(Cp)], i.e. 2.048 (3) versus 2.040 (12) Å. The structure of the complex is compared with those of estrone and eth-oxy-methyl-estrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Carmona-Negrón
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayaguez, PR 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Mariola M. Flores-Rivera
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 9000, Mayaguez, PR 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Zaibeth Díaz-Reyes
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 9000, Mayaguez, PR 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- University of California–San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Urey Hall 5128, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheigold
- University of California–San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Urey Hall 5128, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019, Mayaguez, PR 00681, Puerto Rico
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Feroz SR, Sumi RA, Malek SNA, Tayyab S. A comparative analysis on the binding characteristics of various mammalian albumins towards a multitherapeutic agent, pinostrobin. Exp Anim 2014; 64:101-8. [PMID: 25519455 PMCID: PMC4427724 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of pinostrobin (PS), a multitherapeutic agent with serum albumins of
various mammalian species namely, goat, bovine, human, porcine, rabbit, sheep and dog was
investigated using fluorescence quench titration and competitive drug displacement
experiments. Analysis of the intrinsic fluorescence quenching data revealed values of the
association constant, Ka in the range of 1.49 – 6.12 ×
104 M−1, with 1:1 binding stoichiometry. Based on the PS–albumin
binding characteristics, these albumins were grouped into two classes. Ligand displacement
studies using warfarin as the site I marker ligand correlated well with the binding data.
Albumins from goat and bovine were found to be closely similar to human albumin on the
basis of PS binding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shevin R Feroz
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Fujiwara SI, Amisaki T. Fatty acid binding to serum albumin: Molecular simulation approaches. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5427-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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