1
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The structure-function relationships and physiological roles of MnSOD mutants. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231385. [PMID: 35662317 PMCID: PMC9208312 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on understanding the structure–function relationships of numerous manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mutants to investigate the role that various amino acids play to maintain enzyme quaternary structure or the active site structure, catalytic potential and metal homeostasis in MnSOD, which is essential to maintain enzyme activity. We also observe how polymorphisms of MnSOD are linked to pathologies and how post-translational modifications affect the antioxidant properties of MnSOD. Understanding how modified forms of MnSOD may act as tumor promoters or suppressors by altering the redox status in the body, ultimately aid in generating novel therapies that exploit the therapeutic potential of mutant MnSODs or pave the way for the development of synthetic SOD mimics.
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2
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Sea KW, Taylor AB, Thomas ST, Liba A, Bergman IB, Holloway SP, Cao X, Gralla EB, Valentine JS, Hart PJ, Galaleldeen A. A pH Switch Controls Zinc Binding in Tomato Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1597-1608. [PMID: 33961402 PMCID: PMC8754426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a major antioxidant metalloenzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by superoxide anions (O2-). Structural, biophysical, and other characteristics have in the past been compiled for mammalian SOD1s and for the highly homologous fungal and bovine SOD1s. Here, we characterize the biophysical properties of a plant SOD1 from tomato chloroplasts and present several of its crystal structures. The most unusual of these structures is a structure at low pH in which tSOD1 harbors zinc in the copper-binding site but contains no metal in the zinc-binding site. The side chain of D83, normally a zinc ligand, adopts an alternate rotameric conformation to form an unusual bidentate hydrogen bond with the side chain of D124, precluding metal binding in the zinc-binding site. This alternate conformation of D83 appears to be responsible for the previously observed pH-dependent loss of zinc from the zinc-binding site of SOD1. Titrations of cobalt into apo tSOD1 at a similar pH support the lack of an intact zinc-binding site. Further characterization of tSOD1 reveals that it is a weaker dimer relative to human SOD1 and that it can be activated in vivo through a copper chaperone for the SOD1-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Sea
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, California 95401
| | - Alexander B. Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and the X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Susan T. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and the X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Amir Liba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Isabelle B. Bergman
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX 78228
| | - Stephen P. Holloway
- Department of Biochemistry and the X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Xiaohang Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and the X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Edith B. Gralla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Joan S. Valentine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - P. John Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and the X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Ahmad Galaleldeen
- Department of Biochemistry and the X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX 78228
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3
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Fetherolf MM, Boyd SD, Taylor AB, Kim HJ, Wohlschlegel JA, Blackburn NJ, Hart PJ, Winge DR, Winkler DD. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase is activated through a sulfenic acid intermediate at a copper ion entry site. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12025-12040. [PMID: 28533431 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallochaperones are a diverse family of trafficking molecules that provide metal ions to protein targets for use as cofactors. The copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (Ccs1) activates immature copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod1) by delivering copper and facilitating the oxidation of the Sod1 intramolecular disulfide bond. Here, we present structural, spectroscopic, and cell-based data supporting a novel copper-induced mechanism for Sod1 activation. Ccs1 binding exposes an electropositive cavity and proposed "entry site" for copper ion delivery on immature Sod1. Copper-mediated sulfenylation leads to a sulfenic acid intermediate that eventually resolves to form the Sod1 disulfide bond with concomitant release of copper into the Sod1 active site. Sod1 is the predominant disulfide bond-requiring enzyme in the cytoplasm, and this copper-induced mechanism of disulfide bond formation obviates the need for a thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase in that compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Fetherolf
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-2408; Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650
| | - Stefanie D Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Alexander B Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229; X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Ninian J Blackburn
- Institute of Environmental Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - P John Hart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229; X-ray Crystallography Core Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Dennis R Winge
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-2408; Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5650
| | - Duane D Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080.
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4
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M. Fetherolf M, Boyd SD, Winkler DD, Winge DR. Oxygen-dependent activation of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase-1. Metallomics 2017; 9:1047-1059. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00298f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is a critical enzyme in limiting reactive oxygen species in both the cytosol and the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie D. Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Duane D. Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
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5
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Sea K, Sohn SH, Durazo A, Sheng Y, Shaw BF, Cao X, Taylor AB, Whitson LJ, Holloway SP, Hart PJ, Cabelli DE, Gralla EB, Valentine JS. Insights into the role of the unusual disulfide bond in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:2405-18. [PMID: 25433341 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.588798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional and structural significance of the intrasubunit disulfide bond in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) was studied by characterizing mutant forms of human SOD1 (hSOD) and yeast SOD1 lacking the disulfide bond. We determined x-ray crystal structures of metal-bound and metal-deficient hC57S SOD1. C57S hSOD1 isolated from yeast contained four zinc ions per protein dimer and was structurally very similar to wild type. The addition of copper to this four-zinc protein gave properly reconstituted 2Cu,2Zn C57S hSOD, and its spectroscopic properties indicated that the coordination geometry of the copper was remarkably similar to that of holo wild type hSOD1. In contrast, the addition of copper and zinc ions to apo C57S human SOD1 failed to give proper reconstitution. Using pulse radiolysis, we determined SOD activities of yeast and human SOD1s lacking disulfide bonds and found that they were enzymatically active at ∼10% of the wild type rate. These results are contrary to earlier reports that the intrasubunit disulfide bonds in SOD1 are essential for SOD activity. Kinetic studies revealed further that the yeast mutant SOD1 had less ionic attraction for superoxide, possibly explaining the lower rates. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking the sod1 gene do not grow aerobically in the absence of lysine, but expression of C57S SOD1 increased growth to 30-50% of the growth of cells expressing wild type SOD1, supporting that C57S SOD1 retained a significant amount of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sea
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, the Department of Wine Studies, Santa Rosa Junior College, Santa Rosa, California 95401,
| | - Se Hui Sohn
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, LG Chem, Ltd., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
| | - Armando Durazo
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, the Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Yuewei Sheng
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Bryan F Shaw
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798
| | - Xiaohang Cao
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Alexander B Taylor
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Lisa J Whitson
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Stephen P Holloway
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - P John Hart
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, the Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229, and
| | - Diane E Cabelli
- the Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Edith Butler Gralla
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Joan Selverstone Valentine
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, the Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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6
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Ilyechova EY, Saveliev AN, Skvortsov AN, Babich PS, Zatulovskaia YA, Pliss MG, Korzhevskii DE, Tsymbalenko NV, Puchkova LV. The effects of silver ions on copper metabolism in rats. Metallomics 2014; 6:1970-87. [PMID: 25008154 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The influence of short and prolonged diet containing silver ions (Ag-diet) on copper metabolism was studied. Two groups of animals were used: one group of adult rats received a Ag-diet for one month (Ag-A1) and another group received a Ag-diet for 6 months from birth (Ag-N6). In Ag-A1 rats, the Ag-diet caused a dramatic decrease of copper status indexes that was manifested as ceruloplasmin-associated copper deficiency. In Ag-N6 rats, copper status indexes decreased only 2-fold as compared to control rats. In rats of both groups, silver entered the bloodstream and accumulated in the liver. Silver was incorporated into ceruloplasmin (Cp), but not SOD1. In the liver, a prolonged Ag-diet caused a decrease of the expression level of genes, associated with copper metabolism. Comparative spectrophotometric analysis of partially purified Cp fractions has shown that Cp from Ag-N6 rats was closer to holo-Cp by specific enzymatic activities and tertiary structure than Cp from Ag-A1 rats. However, Cp of Ag-N6 differs from control holo-Cp and Cp of Ag-A1 in its affinity to DEAE-Sepharose and in its binding properties to lectins. In the bloodstream of Ag-N6, two Cp forms are present as shown in pulse-experiments on rats with the liver isolated from circulation. One of the Cp isoforms is of hepatic origin, and the other is of extrahepatic origin; the latter is characterized by a faster rate of secretion than hepatic Cp. These data allowed us to suggest that the disturbance of holo-Cp formation in the liver was compensated by induction of extrahepatic Cp synthesis. The possible biological importance of these effects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Ilyechova
- Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlova str., 12, St. Petersburg, 197376 Russia.
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7
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Sheng Y, Abreu IA, Cabelli DE, Maroney MJ, Miller AF, Teixeira M, Valentine JS. Superoxide dismutases and superoxide reductases. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3854-918. [PMID: 24684599 PMCID: PMC4317059 DOI: 10.1021/cr4005296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Sheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Isabel A. Abreu
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto
de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República,
Qta. do Marquês, Estação Agronómica Nacional,
Edificio IBET/ITQB, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diane E. Cabelli
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Michael J. Maroney
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Anne-Frances Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Miguel Teixeira
- Instituto
de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joan Selverstone Valentine
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioinspired Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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