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Chivers PT, Basak P, Maroney MJ. One His, two His…the emerging roles of histidine in cellular nickel trafficking. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 259:112668. [PMID: 39053077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Biological environments present a complex array of metal-binding ligands. Metal-binding proteins have been the overwhelming focus of study because of their important and well-defined biological roles. Consequently, the presence of functional low molecular weight (LMW) metal-ligand complexes has been overlooked in terms of their roles in metallobiochemistry, particularly within cells. Recent studies in microbial systems have illuminated the different roles of L-histidine in nickel uptake, gene expression, and metalloenzyme maturation. In this focused critical review, these roles are surveyed in the context of the coordination chemistry of Ni(II) ions and the amino acid histidine, and the physico-chemical properties of nickel complexes of histidine. These complexes are fundamentally important to cellular metal homeostasis and further work is needed to fully define their contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Chivers
- Departments of Biosciences and Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Priyanka Basak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States of America
| | - Michael J Maroney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, United States of America.
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Akash M, Rana N, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Saif MJ, Asghar A, Sultan S, Al-Hussain SA, Liaqat A, Zaib S, Zaki MEA. Pyridylpiperazine-based carbodithioates as urease inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation. Front Chem 2024; 12:1423385. [PMID: 39165334 PMCID: PMC11333205 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1423385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The urease enzyme is recognized as a valuable therapeutic agent for treating the virulent Helicobacter pylori bacterium because of its pivotal role in aiding the colonization and growth of the bacterium within the gastric mucosa. In order to control the harmful consequences of bacterial infections, urease inhibition presents itself as a promising and effective approach. The current research aimed to synthesize pyridylpiperazine-based carbodithioate derivatives 5a-5n and 7a-7n that could serve as potential drug candidates for preventing bacterial infections through urease inhibition. The synthesized carbodithioate derivatives 5a-5n and 7a-7n were explored to assess their ability to inhibit the urease enzyme after their structural explication by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the in vitro evaluation with thiourea as a standard drug, it was observed that all the synthesized compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity compared to the reference drug. Among the compounds tested, 5j (bearing an o-tolyl moiety) emerged as the most effective inhibitor, displaying strong urease inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.16 ± 2.68 μM. This IC50 value is notably lower than that of thiourea (23 ± 0.03 μM), indicating the significantly most potent potential of inhibition. In molecular docking of 5j within the active site of urease, numerous noteworthy interactions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akash
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nehal Rana
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawwad Saif
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneeza Asghar
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sultan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afifa Liaqat
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nim YS, Fong IYH, Deme J, Tsang KL, Caesar J, Johnson S, Pang LTH, Yuen NMH, Ng TLC, Choi T, Wong YYH, Lea SM, Wong KB. Delivering a toxic metal to the active site of urease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7790. [PMID: 37083535 PMCID: PMC10121161 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Urease is a nickel (Ni) enzyme that is essential for the colonization of Helicobacter pylori in the human stomach. To solve the problem of delivering the toxic Ni ion to the active site without diffusing into the cytoplasm, cells have evolved metal carrier proteins, or metallochaperones, to deliver the toxic ions to specific protein complexes. Ni delivery requires urease to form an activation complex with the urease accessory proteins UreFD and UreG. Here, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of H. pylori UreFD/urease and Klebsiella pneumoniae UreD/urease complexes at 2.3- and 2.7-angstrom resolutions, respectively. Combining structural, mutagenesis, and biochemical studies, we show that the formation of the activation complex opens a 100-angstrom-long tunnel, where the Ni ion is delivered through UreFD to the active site of urease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yap Shing Nim
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan Yu Hang Fong
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Justin Deme
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Center for Structural Biology, CCR, NCI, Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ka Lung Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph Caesar
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Center for Structural Biology, CCR, NCI, Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Steven Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Center for Structural Biology, CCR, NCI, Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Longson Tsz Hin Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicholas Man Hon Yuen
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin Long Chris Ng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tung Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yakie Yat Hei Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan M. Lea
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Center for Structural Biology, CCR, NCI, Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Zhong H, Zheng N, Wang J, Zhao S. Isolation and pan-genome analysis of Enterobacter hormaechei Z129, a ureolytic bacterium, from the rumen of dairy cow. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169973. [PMID: 37089548 PMCID: PMC10117971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionUrea is an important non-protein nitrogen source for ruminants. In the rumen, ureolytic bacteria play critical roles in urea-nitrogen metabolism, however, a few ureolytic strains have been isolated and genomically sequenced. The purpose of this study was to isolate a novel ureolytic bacterial strain from cattle rumen and characterize its genome and function.MethodsThe ureolytic bacterium was isolated using an anaerobic medium with urea and phenol red as a screening indicator from the rumen fluid of dairy cattle. The genome of isolates was sequenced, assembled, annotated, and comparatively analyzed. The pan-genome analysis was performed using IPGA and the biochemical activity was also analyzed by test kits.ResultsA gram-positive ureolytic strain was isolated. Its genome had a length of 4.52 Mbp and predicted genes of 4223. The 16S rRNA gene and genome GTDB-Tk taxonomic annotation showed that it was a novel strain of Enterobacter hormaechei, and it was named E. hormaechei Z129. The pan-genome analysis showed that Z129 had the highest identity to E. hormaechei ATCC 49162 with a genome average nucleotide identity of 98.69% and possessed 238 unique genes. Strain Z129 was the first E. hormaechei strain isolated from the rumen as we know. The functional annotation of the Z129 genome showed genes related to urea metabolism, including urea transport (urtA-urtE), nickel ion transport (ureJ, tonB, nixA, exbB, exbD, and rcnA), urease activation (ureA-ureG) and ammonia assimilation (gdhA, glnA, glnB, glnE, glnL, glsA, gltB, and gltD) were present. Genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were also present, including starch hydrolysis (amyE), cellulose hydrolysis (celB and bglX), xylose transport (xylF-xylH) and glycolysis (pgi, pgk, fbaA, eno, pfkA, gap, pyk, gpmL). Biochemical activity analysis showed that Z129 was positive for alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and pyrrolidone arylaminase, and had the ability to use D-ribose, L-arabinose, and D-lactose. Urea-nitrogen hydrolysis rate of Z129 reached 55.37% at 48 h of incubation.DiscussionTherefore, the isolated novel ureolytic strain E. hormaechei Z129 had diverse nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, and is a preferred model to study the urea hydrolysis mechanism in the rumen.
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Xiong Z, Zhang N, Xu L, Deng Z, Limwachiranon J, Guo Y, Han Y, Yang W, Scharf DH. Urease of Aspergillus fumigatus Is Required for Survival in Macrophages and Virulence. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0350822. [PMID: 36916906 PMCID: PMC10100864 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03508-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients suffering from fungal diseases has constantly increased during the last decade. Among the fungal pathogens, the airborne filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus can cause chronic and fatal invasive mold infections. So far, only three major classes of drugs (polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins) are available for the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections, and all present pharmacological drawbacks (e.g., low solubility or toxicity). Meanwhile, clinical antifungal-resistant isolates are continuously emerging. Therefore, there is a high demand for novel antifungal drugs, preferentially those that act on new targets. We studied urease and the accessory proteins in A. fumigatus to determine their biochemical roles and their influence on virulence. Urease is crucial for the growth on urea as the sole nitrogen source, and the transcript and protein levels are elevated on urea media. The urease deficient mutant displays attenuated virulence, and its spores are more susceptible to macrophage-mediated killing. We demonstrated that this observation is associated with an inability to prevent the acidification of the phagosome. Furthermore, we could show that a nickel-chelator inhibits growth on urea. The nickel chelator is also able to reverse the effects of urease on macrophage killing and phagosome acidification, thereby reducing virulence in systemic and trachea infection models. IMPORTANCE The development of antifungal drugs is an urgent task, but it has proven to be difficult due to many similarities between fungal and animal cells. Here, we characterized the urease system in A. fumigatus, which depends on nickel for activity. Notably, nickel is not a crucial element for humans. Therefore, we went further to explore the role of nickel-dependent urease in host-pathogen interactions. We were able to show that urease is important in preventing the acidification of the phagosome and therefore reduces the killing of conidia by macrophages. Furthermore, the deletion of urease shows reduced virulence in murine infection models. Taken together, we identified urease as an essential virulence factor of A. fumigatus. We were able to show that the application of the nickel-chelator dimethylglyoxime is effective in both in vitro and in vivo infection models. This suggests that nickel chelators or urease inhibitors are potential candidates for the development of novel antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xiong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liru Xu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiduo Deng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaojie Guo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel H. Scharf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Abd AN, Al-Garawi ZS, Taha AA. Immobilization of urease enzyme on nanochitosan preparation and characterization for a promising bioapplication. 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMTA2021 2023. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abstract
Hydrogenases and ureases play vital metabolic functions in all three domains of life. However, nickel ions are cytotoxic because they can inactivate enzymes that require less competitive ions (e.g. Mg2+) in the Irving-Williams series to function. Life has evolved elegant mechanisms to solve the problem of delivering the toxic metal to the active site of nickel-containing enzymes inside the cells. Here, we review our current understanding of nickel trafficking along the hydrogenase and urease maturation pathways. Metallochaperones and accessory proteins (SlyD, HypA, HypB, UreD, UreE, UreF, and UreG) form specific protein complexes to allow the transfer of nickel from one protein to another without releasing the toxic metal into the cytoplasm. The role of SlyD is not fully understood, but it can interact with and transfer its nickel to HypB. In the hydrogenase maturation pathway, nickel is transferred from HypB to HypA, which can then deliver its nickel to the hydrogenase large subunit precursor. In Helicobacter pylori, the urease maturation pathway receives its nickel from HypA of the hydrogenase maturation pathway via the formation of a HypA/UreE2 complex. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding promotes the formation of a UreE2G2 complex, where UreG receives a nickel from UreE. In the final step of the urease maturation, nickel/GTP-bound UreG forms an activation complex with UreF, UreD, and apo-urease. Upon GTP hydrolysis, nickel is released from UreG to the urease. Finally, some common themes learned from the hydrogenase-urease maturation pathway are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lung Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Masetti M, Bertazzo M, Recanatini M, Ciurli S, Musiani F. Probing the transport of Ni(II) ions through the internal tunnels of the Helicobacter pylori UreDFG multimeric protein complex. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111554. [PMID: 34325209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The survival of several pathogenic bacteria, such as Helicobacter pylori (Hp), relies on the activity of the nickel-dependent enzyme urease. Nickel insertion into urease is mediated by a multimeric chaperone complex (HpUreDFG) that is responsible for the transport of Ni(II) from a conserved metal binding motif located in the UreG dimer (CPH motif) to the catalytic site of the enzyme. The X-ray structure of HpUreDFG revealed the presence of water-filled tunnels that were proposed as a route for Ni(II) translocation. Here, we probe the transport of Ni(II) through the internal tunnels of HpUreDFG, from the CPH motif to the external surface of the complex, using microsecond-long enhanced molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggest a "bucket-brigade" mechanism whereby Ni(II) can be transported through a series of stations found along these internal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Masetti
- Laboratory of Computational Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Martina Bertazzo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; Computational Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Recanatini
- Laboratory of Computational Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, viale G. Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Nickel as a virulence factor in the Class I bacterial carcinogen, Helicobacter pylori. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:143-155. [PMID: 33865991 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human bacterial pathogen that causes peptic ulcers and has been designated a Class I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Its ability to survive in the acid environment of the stomach, to colonize the stomach mucosa, and to cause cancer, are linked to two enzymes that require nickel-urease and hydrogenase. Thus, nickel is an important virulence factor and the proteins involved in nickel trafficking are potential antibiotic targets. This review summarizes the nickel biochemistry of H. pylori with a focus on the roles of nickel in virulence, nickel homeostasis, maturation of urease and hydrogenase, and the unique nickel trafficking that occurs between the hydrogenase maturation pathway and urease nickel incorporation that is mediated by the metallochaperone HypA and its partner, HypB.
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Dual core clickate fluorophores for selective recognition of Cu2+ and Ni2+ along with live cell imaging. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Targeting the Protein Tunnels of the Urease Accessory Complex: A Theoretical Investigation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122911. [PMID: 32599898 PMCID: PMC7355429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease is a nickel-containing enzyme that is essential for the survival of several and often deadly pathogenic bacterial strains, including Helicobacter pylori. Notwithstanding several attempts, the development of direct urease inhibitors without side effects for the human host remains, to date, elusive. The recently solved X-ray structure of the HpUreDFG accessory complex involved in the activation of urease opens new perspectives for structure-based drug discovery. In particular, the quaternary assembly and the presence of internal tunnels for nickel translocation offer an intriguing possibility to target the HpUreDFG complex in the search of indirect urease inhibitors. In this work, we adopted a theoretical framework to investigate such a hypothesis. Specifically, we searched for putative binding sites located at the protein–protein interfaces on the HpUreDFG complex, and we challenged their druggability through structure-based virtual screening. We show that, by virtue of the presence of tunnels, some protein–protein interfaces on the HpUreDFG complex are intrinsically well suited for hosting small molecules, and, as such, they possess good potential for future drug design endeavors.
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Zambelli B, Mazzei L, Ciurli S. Intrinsic disorder in the nickel-dependent urease network. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 174:307-330. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
Maturation of urease involves post-translational insertion of nickel ions to form an active site with a carbamylated lysine ligand and is assisted by urease accessory proteins UreD, UreE, UreF and UreG. Here, we review our current understandings on how these urease accessory proteins facilitate the urease maturation. The urease maturation pathway involves the transfer of Ni2+ from UreE → UreG → UreF/UreD → urease. To avoid the release of the toxic metal to the cytoplasm, Ni2+ is transferred from one urease accessory protein to another through specific protein–protein interactions. One central theme depicts the role of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding/hydrolysis in regulating the binding/release of nickel ions and the formation of the protein complexes. The urease and [NiFe]-hydrogenase maturation pathways cross-talk with each other as UreE receives Ni2+ from hydrogenase maturation factor HypA. Finally, the druggability of the urease maturation pathway is reviewed.
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Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2017 The human body is composed of an equal number of human and microbial cells. While the microbial community inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract plays an essential role in host health, these organisms have also been connected to various diseases. Yet, the gut microbial functions that modulate host biology are not well established. In this review, we describe metabolic functions of the human gut microbiota that involve metalloenzymes. These activities enable gut microbial colonization, mediate interactions with the host, and impact human health and disease. We highlight cases in which enzyme characterization has advanced our understanding of the gut microbiota and examples that illustrate the diverse ways in which metalloenzymes facilitate both essential and unique functions of this community. Finally, we analyze Human Microbiome Project sequencing datasets to assess the distribution of a prominent family of metalloenzymes in human-associated microbial communities, guiding future enzyme characterization efforts.
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15
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Tarsia C, Danielli A, Florini F, Cinelli P, Ciurli S, Zambelli B. Targeting Helicobacter pylori urease activity and maturation: In-cell high-throughput approach for drug discovery. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2245-2253. [PMID: 30048738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium strongly associated with gastric cancer. It thrives in the acidic environment of the gastric niche of large portions of the human population using a unique adaptive mechanism that involves the catalytic activity of the nickel-dependent enzyme urease. Targeting urease represents a key strategy for drug design and H. pylori eradication. METHOD Here, we describe a novel method to screen, directly in the cellular environment, urease inhibitors. A ureolytic Escherichia coli strain was engineered by cloning the entire urease operon in an expression plasmid and used to test in-cell urease inhibition with a high-throughput colorimetric assay. A two-plasmid system was further developed to evaluate the ability of small peptides to block the protein interactions that lead to urease maturation. RESULTS The developed assay is a robust cellular model to test, directly in the cell environment, urease inhibitors. The efficacy of a co-expressed peptide to affect the interaction between UreF and UreD, two accessory proteins necessary for urease activation, was observed. This event involves a process that occurs through folding upon binding, pointing to the importance of intrinsically disordered hot spots in protein interfaces. CONCLUSIONS The developed system allows the concomitant screening of a large number of drug candidates that interfere with the urease activity both at the level of the enzyme catalysis and maturation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE As inhibition of urease has the potential of being a global antibacterial strategy for a large number of infections, this work paves the way for the development of new candidates for antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Tarsia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Danielli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Florini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Cinelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Zambelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Serrano-Plana J, Acuña-Parés F, Dantignana V, Oloo WN, Castillo E, Draksharapu A, Whiteoak CJ, Martin-Diaconescu V, Basallote MG, Luis JM, Que L, Costas M, Company A. Acid-Triggered O-O Bond Heterolysis of a Nonheme Fe III (OOH) Species for the Stereospecific Hydroxylation of Strong C-H Bonds. Chemistry 2018; 24:5331-5340. [PMID: 29193378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel hydroperoxoiron(III) species [FeIII (OOH)(MeCN)(PyNMe3 )]2+ (3) has been generated by reaction of its ferrous precursor [FeII (CF3 SO3 )2 (PyNMe3 )] (1) with hydrogen peroxide at low temperatures. This species has been characterized by several spectroscopic techniques and cryospray mass spectrometry. Similar to most of the previously described low-spin hydroperoxoiron(III) compounds, 3 behaves as a sluggish oxidant and it is not kinetically competent for breaking weak C-H bonds. However, triflic acid addition to 3 causes its transformation into a much more reactive compound towards organic substrates that is capable of oxidizing unactivated C-H bonds with high stereospecificity. Stopped-flow kinetic analyses and theoretical studies provide a rationale for the observed chemistry, a triflic-acid-assisted heterolytic cleavage of the O-O bond to form a putative strongly oxidizing oxoiron(V) species. This mechanism is reminiscent to that observed in heme systems, where protonation of the hydroperoxo intermediate leads to the formation of the high-valent [(Porph. )FeIV (O)] (Compound I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Serrano-Plana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ferran Acuña-Parés
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Valeria Dantignana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Williamson N Oloo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Esther Castillo
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería MetalúrgicayQuímica Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Ciencias, Apdo. 40, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Apparao Draksharapu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J Whiteoak
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vlad Martin-Diaconescu
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manuel G Basallote
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería MetalúrgicayQuímica Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Facultad de Ciencias, Apdo. 40, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lawrence Que
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Company
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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18
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Structural insights into how GTP-dependent conformational changes in a metallochaperone UreG facilitate urease maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E10890-E10898. [PMID: 29203664 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712658114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of metallochaperones to allosterically regulate the binding/release of metal ions and to switch protein-binding partners along the metal delivery pathway is essential to the metallation of the metalloenzymes. Urease, catalyzing the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, contains two nickel ions bound by a carbamylated lysine in its active site. Delivery of nickel ions for urease maturation is dependent on GTP hydrolysis and is assisted by four urease accessory proteins UreE, UreF, UreG, and UreH(UreD). Here, we determined the crystal structure of the UreG dimer from Klebsiella pneumoniae in complex with nickel and GMPPNP, a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP. Comparison with the structure of the GDP-bound Helicobacter pylori UreG (HpUreG) in the UreG2F2H2 complex reveals large conformational changes in the G2 region and residues near the 66CPH68 metal-binding motif. Upon GTP binding, the side chains of Cys66 and His68 from each of the UreG protomers rotate toward each other to coordinate a nickel ion in a square-planar geometry. Mutagenesis studies on HpUreG support the conformational changes induced by GTP binding as essential to dimerization of UreG, GTPase activity, in vitro urease activation, and the switching of UreG from the UreG2F2H2 complex to form the UreE2G2 complex with the UreE dimer. The nickel-charged UreE dimer, providing the sole source of nickel, and the UreG2F2H2 complex could activate urease in vitro in the presence of GTP. Based on our results, we propose a mechanism of how conformational changes of UreG during the GTP hydrolysis/binding cycle facilitate urease maturation.
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Khan S, Khan NA, Bano B. In-sights into the effect of heavy metal stress on the endogenous mustard cystatin. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1138-1147. [PMID: 28754626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Macegoniuk K, Grela E, Biernat M, Psurski M, Gościniak G, Dziełak A, Mucha A, Wietrzyk J, Berlicki Ł, Grabowiecka A. Aminophosphinates against Helicobacter pylori ureolysis-Biochemical and whole-cell inhibition characteristics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182437. [PMID: 28792967 PMCID: PMC5550016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease is an important virulence factor from Helicobacter pylori that enables bacterial colonization of human gastric mucosa. Specific inhibition of urease activity can be regarded as a promising adjuvant strategy for eradication of this pathogen. A group of organophosphorus inhibitors of urease, namely, aminophosphinic acid and aminophosphonic acid derivatives, were evaluated in vitro against H. pylori urease. The kinetic characteristics of recombinant enzyme activity demonstrated a competitive reversible mode of inhibition with Ki values ranging from 0.294 to 878 μM. N-n-Hexylaminomethyl-P-aminomethylphosphinic acid and N-methylaminomethyl-P-hydroxymethylphosphinic acid were the most effective inhibitors (Ki = 0.294 μM and 1.032 μM, respectively, compared to Ki = 23 μM for the established urease inhibitor acetohydroxamic acid). The biological relevance of the inhibitors was verified in vitro against a ureolytically active Escherichia coli Rosetta host that expressed H. pylori urease and against a reference strain, H. pylori J99 (CagA+/VacA+). The majority of the studied compounds exhibited urease-inhibiting activity in these whole-cell systems. Bis(N-methylaminomethyl)phosphinic acid was found to be the most effective inhibitor in the susceptibility profile studies of H. pylori J99. The cytotoxicity of nine structurally varied inhibitors was evaluated against four normal human cell lines and was found to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Macegoniuk
- Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Grela
- Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Medical University of Wrocław, Department of Microbiology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grażyna Gościniak
- Medical University of Wrocław, Department of Microbiology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Dziełak
- Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Artur Mucha
- Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grabowiecka
- Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
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21
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Musiani F, Gioia D, Masetti M, Falchi F, Cavalli A, Recanatini M, Ciurli S. Protein Tunnels: The Case of Urease Accessory Proteins. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:2322-2331. [PMID: 28379694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transition metals are both essential micronutrients and limited in environmental availability. The Ni(II)-dependent urease protein, the most efficient enzyme known to date, is a paradigm for studying the strategies that cells use to handle an essential, yet toxic, metal ion. Urease is a virulence factor of several human pathogens, in addition to decreasing the efficiency of soil organic nitrogen fertilization. Ni(II) insertion in the urease active site is performed through the action of three essential accessory proteins: UreD, UreF, and UreG. The crystal structure of the UreD-UreF-UreG complex from the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (HpUreDFG) revealed the presence of tunnels that cross the entire length of both UreF and UreD, potentially able to deliver Ni(II) ions from UreG to apo-urease. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations performed on the HpUreDFG complex in explicit solvent and at physiological ionic conditions demonstrate the stability of these protein tunnels in solution and provide insights on the trafficking of water molecules inside the tunnels. The presence of different alternative routes across the identified tunnels for Ni(II) ions, water molecules, and carbonate ions, all involved in urease activation, is highlighted here, and their potential role in the urease activation mechanism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Viale G. Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Gioia
- Laboratory of Computational Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Masetti
- Laboratory of Computational Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Falchi
- Compunet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Laboratory of Computational Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.,Compunet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Recanatini
- Laboratory of Computational Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Viale G. Fanin 40, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
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22
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Xia W, Li H, Sun H. Nickel Metallochaperones: Structure, Function, and Nickel-Binding Properties. THE BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY OF NICKEL 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788010580-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-containing enzymes catalyze a series of important biochemical processes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The maturation of the enzymes requires the proper assembly of the nickel-containing active sites, which involves a battery of nickel metallochaperones that exert metal delivery and storage functions. “Cross-talk” also exists between different nickel enzyme maturation processes. This chapter summarizes the updated knowledge about the nickel chaperones based on biochemical and structural biology research, and discusses the possible nickel delivery mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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23
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Zeer-Wanklyn CJ, Zamble DB. Microbial nickel: cellular uptake and delivery to enzyme centers. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 37:80-88. [PMID: 28213182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nickel enzymes allow microorganisms to access chemistry that can be vital for survival and virulence. In this review we highlight recent work on several systems that import nickel ions and deliver them to the active sites of these enzymes. Small molecules, in particular l-His and derivatives, may chelate nickel ions before import at TonB-dependent outer-membrane and ABC-type inner-membrane transporters. Inside the cell, nickel ions are used by maturation factors required to produce nickel enzymes such as [NiFe]-hydrogenase, urease and lactate racemase. These accessory proteins often exhibit metal selectivity and frequently include an NTP-hydrolyzing metallochaperone protein. The research described provides a deeper understanding of the processes that allow microorganisms to access nickel ions from the environment and incorporate them into nickel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Zeer-Wanklyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Deborah B Zamble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
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24
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Planas O, Whiteoak CJ, Martin-Diaconescu V, Gamba I, Luis JM, Parella T, Company A, Ribas X. Isolation of Key Organometallic Aryl-Co(III) Intermediates in Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp2)–H Functionalizations and New Insights into Alkyne Annulation Reaction Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14388-14397. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Planas
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Christopher J. Whiteoak
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Catalonia, Spain
- Biomolecular
Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Sheffield S1 1WB, England
| | - Vlad Martin-Diaconescu
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ilaria Gamba
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei
de RMN, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Company
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E-17071 Catalonia, Spain
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25
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Corona T, Draksharapu A, Padamati SK, Gamba I, Martin-Diaconescu V, Acuña-Parés F, Browne WR, Company A. Rapid Hydrogen and Oxygen Atom Transfer by a High-Valent Nickel-Oxygen Species. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12987-12996. [PMID: 27598293 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Terminal high-valent metal-oxygen species are key reaction intermediates in the catalytic cycle of both enzymes (e.g., oxygenases) and synthetic oxidation catalysts. While tremendous efforts have been directed toward the characterization of the biologically relevant terminal manganese-oxygen and iron-oxygen species, the corresponding analogues based on late-transition metals such as cobalt, nickel or copper are relatively scarce. This scarcity is in part related to the "Oxo Wall" concept, which predicts that late transition metals cannot support a terminal oxido ligand in a tetragonal environment. Here, the nickel(II) complex (1) of the tetradentate macrocyclic ligand bearing a 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamidate unit is shown to be an effective catalyst in the chlorination and oxidation of C-H bonds with sodium hypochlorite as terminal oxidant in the presence of acetic acid (AcOH). Insight into the active species responsible for the observed reactivity was gained through the study of the reaction of 1 with ClO- at low temperature by UV-vis absorption, resonance Raman, EPR, ESI-MS, and XAS analyses. DFT calculations aided the assignment of the trapped chromophoric species (3) as a nickel-hypochlorite species. Despite the fact that the formal oxidation state of the nickel in 3 is +4, experimental and computational analysis indicate that 3 is best formulated as a NiIII complex with one unpaired electron delocalized in the ligands surrounding the metal center. Most remarkably, 3 reacts rapidly with a range of substrates including those with strong aliphatic C-H bonds, indicating the direct involvement of 3 in the oxidation/chlorination reactions observed in the 1/ClO-/AcOH catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Corona
- Grup de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , E17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Apparao Draksharapu
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandeep K Padamati
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Gamba
- Grup de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , E17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vlad Martin-Diaconescu
- Grup de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , E17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ferran Acuña-Parés
- Grup de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , E17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Company
- Grup de Química Bioinspirada, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 , E17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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26
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27
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Farrugia MA, Wang B, Feig M, Hausinger RP. Mutational and Computational Evidence That a Nickel-Transfer Tunnel in UreD Is Used for Activation of Klebsiella aerogenes Urease. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6392-401. [PMID: 26401965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-containing urease from Klebsiella aerogenes requires four accessory proteins for proper active site metalation. The metallochaperone UreE delivers nickel to UreG, a GTPase that forms a UreD/UreF/UreG complex, which binds to urease apoprotein via UreD. Prior in silico analysis of the homologous, structurally characterized UreH/UreF/UreG complex from Helicobacter pylori identified a water tunnel originating at a likely nickel-binding motif in UreG, passing through UreF, and exiting UreH, suggestive of a role for the channel in providing the metal to urease apoprotein for its activation; however, no experimental support was reported for the significance of this tunnel. Here, specific variants were designed to disrupt a comparable 34.6 Å predicted internal tunnel, alternative channels, and surface sites for UreD. Cells producing a set of tunnel-disrupting variants of UreD exhibited greatly reduced urease specific activities, whereas other mutants had no appreciable effect on activity. Affinity pull-down studies of cell-free extracts from tunnel-disrupting mutant cultures showed no loss of UreD interactions with urease or UreF/UreG. The nickel contents of urease samples enriched from activity-deficient cultures were decreased, while zinc and iron incorporation increased. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed size restrictions in the internal channels of the UreD variants. These findings support the role of a molecular tunnel in UreD as a direct facilitator of nickel transfer into urease, illustrating a new paradigm in active site metallocenter assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Farrugia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Michael Feig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Robert P Hausinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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28
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Corona T, Pfaff FF, Acuña-Parés F, Draksharapu A, Whiteoak CJ, Martin-Diaconescu V, Lloret-Fillol J, Browne WR, Ray K, Company A. Reactivity of a Nickel(II) Bis(amidate) Complex with meta-Chloroperbenzoic Acid: Formation of a Potent Oxidizing Species. Chemistry 2015; 21:15029-38. [PMID: 26311073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the formation of a highly reactive nickel-oxygen species that has been trapped following reaction of a Ni(II) precursor bearing a macrocyclic bis(amidate) ligand with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (HmCPBA). This compound is only detectable at temperatures below 250 K and is much more reactive toward organic substrates (i.e., C-H bonds, C=C bonds, and sulfides) than previously reported well-defined nickel-oxygen species. Remarkably, this species is formed by heterolytic O-O bond cleavage of a Ni-HmCPBA precursor, which is concluded from experimental and computational data. On the basis of spectroscopy and DFT calculations, this reactive species is proposed to be a Ni(III) -oxyl compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Corona
- Group de Química Bioinorgànica, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 972-41-81-50
| | - Florian F Pfaff
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Ferran Acuña-Parés
- Group de Química Bioinorgànica, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 972-41-81-50
| | - Apparao Draksharapu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Christopher J Whiteoak
- Group de Química Bioinorgànica, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 972-41-81-50
| | - Vlad Martin-Diaconescu
- Group de Química Bioinorgànica, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 972-41-81-50
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Group de Química Bioinorgànica, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 972-41-81-50.,Current address: Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Kallol Ray
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Anna Company
- Group de Química Bioinorgànica, Supramolecular i Catàlisi (QBIS-CAT), Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 972-41-81-50.
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29
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Miraula M, Ciurli S, Zambelli B. Intrinsic disorder and metal binding in UreG proteins from Archae hyperthermophiles: GTPase enzymes involved in the activation of Ni(II) dependent urease. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:739-55. [PMID: 25846143 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Urease is a Ni(II) enzyme present in every domain of life, in charge for nitrogen recycling through urea hydrolysis. Its activity requires the presence of two Ni(II) ions in the active site. These are delivered by the concerted action of four accessory proteins, named UreD, UreF, UreG and UreE. This process requires protein flexibility at different levels and some disorder-to-order transition events that coordinate the mechanism of protein-protein interaction. In particular, UreG, the GTPase in charge of nucleotide hydrolysis required for urease activation, presents a significant degree of intrinsic disorder, existing as a conformational ensemble featuring characteristics that recall a molten globule. Here, the folding properties of UreG were explored in Archaea hyperthermophiles, known to generally feature significantly low level of structural disorder in their proteome. UreG proteins from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (Mj) and Metallosphaera sedula (Ms) were structurally and functionally analyzed by integrating circular dichroism, NMR, light scattering and enzymatic assays. Metal-binding properties were studied using isothermal titration calorimetry. The results indicate that, as the mesophilic counterparts, both proteins contain a significant amount of secondary structure but maintain a flexible fold and a low GTPase activity. As opposed to other UreGs, secondary structure is lost at high temperatures (68 and 75 °C, respectively) with an apparent two-state mechanism. Both proteins bind Zn(II) and Ni(II), with affinities two orders of magnitude higher for Zn(II) than for Ni(II). No major modifications of the average conformational ensemble are observed, but binding of Zn(II) yields a more compact dimeric form in MsUreG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfredi Miraula
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 40, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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30
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Yang X, Li H, Lai TP, Sun H. UreE-UreG complex facilitates nickel transfer and preactivates GTPase of UreG in Helicobacter pylori. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12474-85. [PMID: 25752610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori relies heavily on urease, which converts urea to ammonia to neutralize the stomach acid. Incorporation of Ni(2+) into the active site of urease requires a battery of chaperones. Both metallochaperones UreE and UreG play important roles in the urease activation. In this study, we demonstrate that, in the presence of GTP and Mg(2+), UreG binds Ni(2+) with an affinity (Kd) of ∼0.36 μm. The GTPase activity of Ni(2+)-UreG is stimulated by both K(+) (or NH4 (+)) and HCO3 (-) to a biologically relevant level, suggesting that K(+)/NH4 (+) and HCO3 (-) might serve as GTPase elements of UreG. We show that complexation of UreE and UreG results in two protein complexes, i.e. 2E-2G and 2E-G, with the former being formed only in the presence of both GTP and Mg(2+). Mutagenesis studies reveal that Arg-101 on UreE and Cys-66 on UreG are critical for stabilization of 2E-2G complex. Combined biophysical and bioassay studies show that the formation of 2E-2G complex not only facilitates nickel transfer from UreE to UreG, but also enhances the binding of GTP. This suggests that UreE might also serve as a structural scaffold for recruitment of GTP to UreG. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that UreE serves as a bridge to grasp Ni(2+) from HypA, subsequently donating it to UreG. The study expands our horizons on the molecular details of nickel translocation among metallochaperones UreE, UreG, and HypA, which further extends our knowledge on the urease maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Yang
- From the Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- From the Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Pui Lai
- From the Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- From the Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Martin-Diaconescu V, Gennari M, Gerey B, Tsui E, Kanady J, Tran R, Pécaut J, Maganas D, Krewald V, Gouré E, Duboc C, Yano J, Agapie T, Collomb MN, DeBeer S. Ca K-edge XAS as a probe of calcium centers in complex systems. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1283-92. [PMID: 25492398 PMCID: PMC4331723 DOI: 10.1021/ic501991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, Ca K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is developed as a means to characterize the local environment of calcium centers. The spectra for six, seven, and eight coordinate inorganic and molecular calcium complexes were analyzed and determined to be primarily influenced by the coordination environment and site symmetry at the calcium center. The experimental results are closely correlated to time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of the XAS spectra. The applicability of this methodology to complex systems was investigated using structural mimics of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of PSII. It was found that Ca K-edge XAS is a sensitive probe for structural changes occurring in the cubane heterometallic cluster due to Mn oxidation. Future applications to the OEC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Martin-Diaconescu
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marcello Gennari
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DCM and
CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Gerey
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DCM and
CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emily Tsui
- California Institute of
Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jacob Kanady
- California Institute of
Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Rosalie Tran
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory − Physical Biosciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jacques Pécaut
- Laboratoire de Reconnaissance Ionique
et Chimie de Coordination (LCIB, SCIB, INAC, CEA Grenoble), 38054 Grenoble
Cedex 9, France
| | - Dimitrios Maganas
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Vera Krewald
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eric Gouré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DCM and
CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Carole Duboc
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, DCM and
CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Junko Yano
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory − Physical Biosciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- California Institute of
Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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32
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The conformational response to Zn(II) and Ni(II) binding of Sporosarcina pasteurii UreG, an intrinsically disordered GTPase. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1341-54. [PMID: 25200810 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Urease is an essential Ni(II) enzyme involved in the nitrogen metabolism of bacteria, plants and fungi. Ni(II) delivery into the enzyme active site requires the presence of four accessory proteins, named UreD, UreF, UreG and UreE, acting through a complex protein network regulated by metal binding and GTP hydrolysis. The GTPase activity is catalyzed by UreG, which couples this function to a non-enzymatic role as a molecular chaperone. This moonlighting activity is reflected in a flexible fold that makes UreG the first discovered intrinsically disordered enzyme. UreG binds Ni(II) and Zn(II),which in turn modulate the interactions with other urease chaperones. The aim of this study is to understand the structural implications of metal binding to Sporosarcina pasteurii UreG (SpUreG). A combination of light scattering, calorimetry, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy revealed that SpUreG exists in monomer-dimer equilibrium (K(d)= 45 µM), sampling three distinct folding populations with different degrees of compactness. Binding of Zn(II) ions, occurring in two distinct sites (K(d1) = 3 nM, K(d2) = 0.53 µM), shifts the protein conformational landscape toward the more compact population, while maintaining the overall protein structural plasticity. Differently, binding of Ni(II) ions occurs in three binding sites (K(d1(= 14 µM; K(d2) = 270 µM; K(d3)= 160 µM), with much weaker influence on the protein conformational equilibrium. These distinct conformational responses of SpUreG to Ni(II) and Zn(II) binding suggest that selective metal binding modulates protein plasticity, possibly having an impact on the protein-protein interactions and the enzymatic activity of UreG.
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33
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Merloni A, Dobrovolska O, Zambelli B, Agostini F, Bazzani M, Musiani F, Ciurli S. Molecular landscape of the interaction between the urease accessory proteins UreE and UreG. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1662-74. [PMID: 24982029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Urease, the most efficient enzyme so far discovered, depends on the presence of nickel ions in the catalytic site for its activity. The transformation of inactive apo-urease into active holo-urease requires the insertion of two Ni(II) ions in the substrate binding site, a process that involves the interaction of four accessory proteins named UreD, UreF, UreG and UreE. This study, carried out using calorimetric and NMR-based structural analysis, is focused on the interaction between UreE and UreG from Sporosarcina pasteurii, a highly ureolytic bacterium. Isothermal calorimetric protein-protein titrations revealed the occurrence of a binding event between SpUreE and SpUreG, entailing two independent steps with positive cooperativity (Kd1=42±9μM; Kd2=1.7±0.3μM). This was interpreted as indicating the formation of the (UreE)2(UreG)2 hetero-oligomer upon binding of two UreG monomers onto the pre-formed UreE dimer. The molecular details of this interaction were elucidated using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The occurrence of SpUreE chemical shift perturbations upon addition of SpUreG was investigated and analyzed to establish the protein-protein interaction site. The latter appears to involve the Ni(II) binding site as well as mobile portions on the C-terminal and the N-terminal domains. Docking calculations based on the information obtained from NMR provided a structural basis for the protein-protein contact site. The high sequence and structural similarity within these protein classes suggests a generality of the interaction mode among homologous proteins. The implications of these results on the molecular details of the urease activation process are considered and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merloni
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Olena Dobrovolska
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Zambelli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Agostini
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Micaela Bazzani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Musiani
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy.
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34
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Rowinska-Zyrek M, Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J, Zawilak-Pawlik A, Kozlowski H. Ni2+chemistry in pathogens – a possible target for eradication. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8976-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nickel homeostasis inHelicobacter pyloriand potential histidine-rich binding sites from various bacterial and fungal pathogens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwinska
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- University of Wroclaw
- 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
- Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Anna Zawilak-Pawlik
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Department of Microbiology
- 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
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