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Tsigara AS, Banti CN, Hatzidimitriou A, Hadjikakou SK. Tetracycline: structural characterization and antimicrobial properties of its water-soluble di-anionic bi-sodium salt. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12080-12089. [PMID: 38869456 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The new water-soluble di-anionic bi-sodium salt of tetracycline (TC), an antibiotic in clinical use, with the formula {[TC]2-[Na+(MeOH)(H2O)] [Na+]·(H2O)}n (TCNa) was synthesized. The compound was characterized by m.p., attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy in the solid state and in solution. The molecular weight (MW) was determined by cryoscopy. The crystal structure of TCNa was also determined by X-ray crystallography. The antibacterial activity of TCNa was evaluated against the bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by means of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and inhibition zones (IZs). Moreover, the ability of the compound to eradicate biofilm formation was also evaluated. The results are compared with those obtained for the commercially available drug TCH2. The in vitro and in vivo toxicities of TCNa were tested against human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and Artemia salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi S Tsigara
- Biological Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Christina N Banti
- Biological Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Antonios Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotiris K Hadjikakou
- Biological Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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2
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Banti CN, Kalousi FD, Psarra AMG, Moushi EE, Leonidas DD, Hadjikakou SK. Silver ciprofloxacin (CIPAG): a multitargeted metallodrug in the development of breast cancer therapy. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:177-186. [PMID: 38581541 PMCID: PMC11098868 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The anti-proliferative activity of the known metalloantibiotic {[Ag(CIPH)2]NO3∙0.75MeOH∙1.2H2O} (CIPAG) (CIPH = ciprofloxacin) against the human breast adenocarcinoma cancer cells MCF-7 (hormone dependent (HD)) and MDA-MB-231 (hormone independent (HI)) is evaluated. The in vitro toxicity and genotoxicity of the metalloantibiotic were estimated toward fetal lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. The molecular mechanism of the CIPAG activity against MCF-7 cells was clarified by the (i) cell morphology, (ii) cell cycle arrest, (iii) mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and (iv) by the assessment of the possible differential effect of CIPAG on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) transcriptional activation, applying luciferase reporter gene assay. Moreover, the ex vivo mechanism of CIPAG was clarified by its binding affinity toward calf thymus (CT-DNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Banti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Foteini D Kalousi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria G Psarra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni E Moushi
- Department of Life Sciences, The School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotiris K Hadjikakou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Centre of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, Greece.
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3
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Tzima CS, Banti CN, Hadjikakou SK. Assessment of the biological effect of metal ions and their complexes using Allium cepa and Artemia salina assays: a possible environmental implementation of biological inorganic chemistry. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:611-629. [PMID: 36149503 PMCID: PMC9569305 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pollution of aquatic ecosystems due to the elevated concentration of a variety of contaminants, such as metal ions, poses a threat to humankind, as these ecosystems are in high relevance with human activities and survivability. The exposure in heavy metal ions is responsible for many severe chronic and pathogenic diseases and some types of cancer as well. Metal ions of the groups 11 (Cu, Ag, Au), 12 (Zn, Cd, Hg), 14 (Sn, Pb) and 15 (Sb, Bi) highly interfere with proteins leading to DNA damage and oxidative stress. While, the detection of these contaminants is mainly based on physicochemical analysis, the chemical determination, however, is deemed ineffective in some cases because of their complex nature. The development of biological models for the evaluation of the presence of metal ions is an attractive solution, which provides more insights regarding their effects. The present work critically reviews the reports published regarding the toxicity assessment of heavy metal ions through Allium cepa and Artemia salina assays. The in vivo toxicity of the agents is not only dose depended, but it is also strongly affected by their ligand type. However, there is no comprehensive study which compares the biological effect of chemical agents against Allium cepa and Artemia salina. Reports that include metal ions and complexes interaction with either Allium cepa or Artemia salina bio-indicators are included in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula S Tzima
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina N Banti
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Sotiris K Hadjikakou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece. .,Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina, Greece.
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4
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Ahmed S, Jayathuna MA, Mahendiran D, Bharathi S, Kalilur Rahiman A. Heteroleptic silver(I), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes of N
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‐substituted thiosemicarbazones and ciprofloxacin: Theoretical, in vitro anti‐proliferative, and in silico molecular modeling and pharmacokinetics studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeer Ahmed
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous) University of Madras Chennai India
| | - Mugamathu Ali Jayathuna
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous) University of Madras Chennai India
| | - Dharmasivam Mahendiran
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous) University of Madras Chennai India
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Sundaram Bharathi
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous) University of Madras Chennai India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies Chennai India
| | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Post‐Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous) University of Madras Chennai India
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Volodyaev IV, Beloussov LV, Kontsevaya II, Naumova AE, Naumova EV. Methods of Studying Ultraweak Photon Emissions from Biological Objects. II. Methods Based on Biological Detection. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635092106021x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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6
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Ozturk I, Banti C, Hadjikakou S, Panagiotou N, Tasiopoulos A. Bismuth(III) halide complexes of aromatic thiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, structural characterization and biological evaluation. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Banti CN, Kapetana M, Papachristodoulou C, Raptopoulou CP, Psycharis V, Zoumpoulakis P, Mavromoustakos T, Hadjikakou SK. Hydrogels containing water soluble conjugates of silver(I) ions with amino acids, metabolites or natural products for non infectious contact lenses. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13712-13727. [PMID: 34636378 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The poor handling and hygiene practices of contact lenses are the key reasons for their frequent contamination, and are responsible for developing ocular complications, such as microbial keratitis (MK). Thus there is a strong demand for the development of biomaterials of which contact lenses are made, combined with antimicrobial agents. For this purpose, the known water soluble silver(I) covalent polymers of glycine (GlyH), urea (U) and the salicylic acid (SalH2) of formulae [Ag3(Gly)2NO3]n (AGGLY), [Ag(U)NO3]n (AGU), and dimeric [Ag(salH)]2 (AGSAL) were used. Water solutions of AGGLY, AGU and AGSAL were dispersed in polymeric hydrogels using hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) to form the biomaterials pHEMA@AGGLY-2, pHEMA@AGU-2, and pHEMA@AGSAL-2. The biomaterials were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DTG/DSC), attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR-ATR) and single crystal diffraction analysis. The antibacterial activity of AGGLY, AGU, AGSAL, pHEMA@AGGLY-2, pHEMA@AGU-2 and pHEMA@AGSAL-2 was evaluated against the Gram negative species Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Gram positive ones Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which mainly colonize in contact lenses. The in vitro toxicity of the biomaterials and their ingredients was evaluated against normal human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) whereas the in vitro genotoxicity was evaluated by the micronucleus (MN) assay in HCECs. The Artemia salina and Allium cepa models were applied for the evaluation of in vivo toxicity and genotoxicity of the materials. Following our studies, the new biomaterials pHEMA@AGGLY-2, pHEMA@AGU-2, and pHEMA@AGSAL-2 are suggested as efficient candidates for the development of antimicrobial contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Banti
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - M Kapetana
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | | | - C P Raptopoulou
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, A. Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - V Psycharis
- NCSR "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, A. Paraskevi, Attikis, Greece
| | - P Zoumpoulakis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Greece
| | - T Mavromoustakos
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Greece
| | - S K Hadjikakou
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
- University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece
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8
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Rossos AK, Banti CN, Raptis PK, Papachristodoulou C, Sainis I, Zoumpoulakis P, Mavromoustakos T, Hadjikakou SK. Silver Nanoparticles Using Eucalyptus or Willow Extracts (AgNPs) as Contact Lens Hydrogel Components to Reduce the Risk of Microbial Infection. Molecules 2021; 26:5022. [PMID: 34443612 PMCID: PMC8400931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus leaves (ELE) and willow bark (WBE) extracts were utilized towards the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs(ELE), AgNPs(WBE)). AgNPs(ELE) and AgNPs(WBE) were dispersed in polymer hydrogels to create pHEMA@AgNPs(ELE)_2 and pHEMA@AgNPs(WBE)_2 using hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA). The materials were characterized in a solid state by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DTG/DSC) and attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy in solution. The antimicrobial potential of the materials was investigated against the Gram-negative bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and the Gram-positive bacterial strain of the genus Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which are involved in microbial keratitis. The percentage of bacterial viability of P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis upon their incubation over the pHEMA@AgNPs(ELE)_2 discs is interestingly low (28.3 and 6.8% respectively), while the inhibition zones (IZ) formed are 12.3 ± 1.7 and 13.2 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. No in vitro toxicity of this material towards human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) was detected. Despite its low performance against S. aureus, pHEMA@AgNPs(ELE)_2 could be an efficient candidate towards the development of contact lenses that reduces microbial infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K. Rossos
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.R.); (P.K.R.)
| | - Christina N. Banti
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.R.); (P.K.R.)
| | - Panagiotis K. Raptis
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.R.); (P.K.R.)
| | | | - Ioannis Sainis
- Cancer Biobank Center, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis and Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 12243 Attica, Greece;
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens Greece, 15571 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotiris K. Hadjikakou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.R.); (P.K.R.)
- University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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9
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Chrysouli MP, Banti CN, Kourkoumelis N, Moushi EE, Tasiopoulos AJ, Douvalis A, Papachristodoulou C, Hatzidimitriou AG, Bakas T, Hadjikakou SK. Ciprofloxacin conjugated to diphenyltin(IV): a novel formulation with enhanced antimicrobial activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:11522-11535. [PMID: 32656556 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metalloantibiotic of formula Ph2Sn(CIP)2 (CIPTIN) (HCIP = ciprofloxacin) was synthesized by reacting ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCIP·HCl) (an antibiotic in clinical use) with diphenyltin dichloride (Ph2SnCl2DPTD). The complex was characterized in the solid state by melting point, FT-IR, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) analysis, 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) and in solution by UV-Vis, 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques and Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). The crystal structure of CIPTIN and its processor HCIP was also determined by X-ray crystallography. The antibacterial activity of CIPTIN, HCIP·HCl, HCIP and DPTD was evaluated against the bacterial species Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), by the means of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Inhibition Zones (IZs). CIPTIN shows lower MIC values than those of HCIP·HCl (up to 4.2-fold), HCIP (up to 2.7-fold) or DPTD (>135-fold), towards the tested microbes. CIPTIN is classified into bactericidal agents according to MBC/MIC values. The developing IZs are 40.8 ± 1.5, 34.0 ± 0.8, 36.0 ± 1.1 and 42.7 ± 0.8 mm, respectively which classify the microbes P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis to susceptible ones to CIPTIN. These IZs are greater than the corresponding ones of HCIP·HCl by 1.1 to 1.5-fold against both the tested Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. CIPTIN eradicates the biofilm of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus more efficiently than HCIP·HCl and HCIP. The in vitro toxicity and genotoxicity of CIPTIN were tested against human skin keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) (IC50 = 2.33 μM). CIPTIN exhibits 2 to 9-fold lower MIC values than its IC50 against HaCaT, while its genotoxic effect determined by micronucleus assay is equivalent to the corresponding ones of HCIP·HCl or HCIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Chrysouli
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - C N Banti
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - N Kourkoumelis
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - E E Moushi
- Department of Life Sciences, The School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A J Tasiopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Douvalis
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Physics of Material Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - A G Hatzidimitriou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Bakas
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Physics of Material Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - S K Hadjikakou
- Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece. and University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece
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10
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Improvement of the anti-Candida activity of itraconazole in the zebrafish infection model by its coordination to silver(I). J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Meretoudi A, Banti CN, Raptis PK, Papachristodoulou C, Kourkoumelis N, Ikiades AA, Zoumpoulakis P, Mavromoustakos T, Hadjikakou SK. Silver Nanoparticles from Oregano Leaves' Extracts as Antimicrobial Components for Non-Infected Hydrogel Contact Lenses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3539. [PMID: 33805476 PMCID: PMC8037402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oregano leaves' extract (ORLE) was used for the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs(ORLE)). ORLE and AgNPs(ORLE) (2 mg/mL) were dispersed in polymer hydrogels to give the pHEMA@ORLE_2 and pHEMA@AgNPs(ORLE)_2 using hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA). The materials were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), derivative thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (DTG/DSC), ultraviolet (UV-Vis), and attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopies in solid state and UV-Vis in solution. The crystallite size value, analyzed with XRPD, was determined at 20 nm. The antimicrobial activity of the materials was investigated against Gram-negative bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The Gram-positive ones of the genus of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are known to be involved in microbial keratitis by the means of inhibitory zone (IZ), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The IZs, which developed upon incubation of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus with paper discs soaked in 2 mg/mL of AgNPs(ORLE), were 11.7 ± 0.7, 13.5 ± 1.9, 12.7 ± 1.7, and 14.3 ± 1.7 mm. When the same dose of ORLE was administrated, the IZs were 10.2 ± 0.7, 9.2 ± 0.5, 9.0 ± 0.0, and 9.0 ± 0.0 mm. The percent of bacterial viability when they were incubated over the polymeric hydrogel discs of pHEMA@AgNPs(ORLE)_2 was interestingly low (66.5, 88.3, 77.7, and 59.6%, respectively, against of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus) and those of pHEMA@ORLE_2 were 89.3, 88.1, 92.8, and 84.6%, respectively. Consequently, pHEMA@AgNPs(ORLE)_2 could be an efficient candidate toward the development of non-infectious contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Meretoudi
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.R.)
| | - Christina N. Banti
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.R.)
| | - Panagiotis K. Raptis
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.R.)
| | | | - Nikolaos Kourkoumelis
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Aris A. Ikiades
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (C.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Analysis & Design of Food Processes, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 11635 Attica, Greece;
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens Greece, 15571 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotiris K. Hadjikakou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.M.); (P.K.R.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Banti CN, Hadjikakou SK. Evaluation of Toxicity with Brine Shrimp Assay. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3895. [PMID: 33732784 PMCID: PMC7952950 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo toxicity of new metallodrugs either as Small Bioactive Molecules (SBAMs) or Conjugates of Metals with Drugs (CoMeDs) or their hydrogels such as with hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA) (pHEMA@SBAMs or pHEMA@CoMeDs) are evaluated by the brine shrimp assay. Thus individuals of Artemia salina larvae are incubated in saline solutions with SBAMs, CoMeDs, pHEMA@SBAMs or pHEMA@CoMeDs or without for 24 h. The toxicity is then determined in terms of the mortality rate of brine shrimp larvae. Brine shrimp assay is a low cost, safe, no required feeding during the assay, while it requiring only a small amount of the tested agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N. Banti
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sotiris K. Hadjikakou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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13
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Meretoudi A, Banti CN, Siafarika P, Kalampounias AG, Hadjikakou SK. Tetracycline Water Soluble Formulations with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E845. [PMID: 33256054 PMCID: PMC7760183 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The negligible water solubility of tetracycline (TC), a well-known antibiotic of clinical use, is the major disadvantage for its oral administration. With the aim to improve the water solubility of TC, the micelles of formulae SLS@TC and CTAB@TC (SLS = sodium lauryl sulphate and CTAB = cetrimonium bromide) were synthesized. The micelles SLS@TC and CTAB@TC were characterized by melting point (m.p.), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DTG/DSC), attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR-ATR), ultra-violet visible (UV/vis) spectroscopy, proton nucleus magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, and the ultrasonically-induced biregringence technique. The antimicrobial activity of SLS@TC and CTAB@TC was evaluated, by means of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and inhibition zone (IZ), against the Gram negative bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the Gram positive ones of the genus of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Generally, both micelles show better activity than that of TC against the microbial strains tested. Thus, the MIC value of CTAB@TC is 550-fold higher than that of free TC against S. epidermidis. Despite the stronger activity of CTAB@TC than SLS@TC against both Gram negative and Gram positive microbes, SLS@TC is classified as a bactericidal agent (in that it eliminates 99.9% of the microbes), in contrast to CTAB@TC, which is bacteriostatic one (inhibits, but does not kill the organisms). The toxicity of SLS@TC and CTAB@TC was evaluated against human corneal eukaryotic cells (HCECs). Moreover, SLS@TC and CTAB@TC exhibit low in vivo toxicity against Artemia salina, even at concentrations up to threefold higher than those of their MICmax. Therefore, SLS@TC and CTAB@TC can be candidates for the development of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Meretoudi
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - C. N. Banti
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - P. Siafarika
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - A. G. Kalampounias
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - S. K. Hadjikakou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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14
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Banti C, Kourkoumelis N, Hatzidimitriou A, Antoniadou I, Dimou A, Rallis M, Hoffmann A, Schmidtke M, McGuire K, Busath D, Kolocouris A, Hadjikakou S. Amantadine copper(II) chloride conjugate with possible implementation in influenza virus inhibition. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Rossos AK, Banti CN, Kalampounias AG, Papachristodoulou C, Kordatos K, Zoumpoulakis P, Mavromoustakos T, Kourkoumelis N, Hadjikakou SK. pHEMA@AGMNA-1: A novel material for the development of antibacterial contact lens. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110770. [PMID: 32279741 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Metal Organic Framework (MOF) of formula {[Ag6(μ3-HMNA)4(μ3-MNA)2]2-·[(Et3NH)+]2·(DMSO)2·(H2O)} (AGMNA), a known efficient antimicrobial compound which contains the anti-metabolite, 2-thio-nicotinic acid (H2MNA), was incorporated in polymer hydrogels using, hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA). The material pHEMA@AGMNA-1 was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Thermogravimetric Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DTG/DSC), attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR-ATR) and Ultrasonic Imaging. The antimicrobial capacity of pHEMA@AGMNA-1 was evaluated against the Gram negative bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Gram positive ones of the genus of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, which are the etiology of the microbial keratitis. The % bacterial viability of P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis and S. aureus upon their incubation with pHEMA@AGMNA-1 discs is significantly low (0.4 ± 0.1%, 1.5 ± 0.4% and 7.7 ± 0.5% respectively). The inhibition zones (IZ) caused by pHEMA@AGMNA-1 discs against P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis and S. aureus are 14.0 ± 1.1, 11.3 ± 1.3 and 11.8 ± 1.8 mm respectively. Furthermore, pHEMA@AGMNA-1 exhibits low toxicity. Thus, pHEMA@AGMNA-1 might be an efficient candidate for the development of antimicrobial active contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Rossos
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - C N Banti
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Greece.
| | - A G Kalampounias
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - K Kordatos
- Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
| | - P Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - T Mavromoustakos
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece, Greece
| | - N Kourkoumelis
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece
| | - S K Hadjikakou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, Greece.
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16
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Conjugation of Penicillin-G with Silver(I) Ions Expands Its Antimicrobial Activity against Gram Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9010025. [PMID: 31941048 PMCID: PMC7168214 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of penicillin G (PenH) with silver(I) ions forms a new CoMeD (conjugate of metal with a drug) with formula [Ag(pen)(CH3OH)]2 (PenAg). PenAg was characterized by a plethora of physical and spectroscopic techniques, which include in the solid state m.p.; elemental analysis; X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); FT-IR; and in solution: attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR-ATR), UV–Vis, 1H NMR, and atomic absorption (AA). The structure of PenAg was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Silver(I) ions coordinate to the carboxylic group of PenH, while secondary intra-molecular interactions are developed through (i) the nitrogen atom of the amide group in MeOD-d4 or (ii) the sulfur atom in the thietane ring in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO-d6. The antibacterial activities of PenAg and the sodium salt of penicillin (PenNa) (the formulation which is clinically used) against Gram positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeuroginosa PAO1)) bacteria were evaluated by the means of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and inhibition zone (IZ). PenAg inhibits the growth of the Gram negative bacterial strain P. aeuroginosa with a MIC value of 23.00 ± 2.29 μM, in contrast to PenNa, which shows no such activity (>2 mM). The corresponding antimicrobial activities of PenAg against the Gram positive bacteria S. epidermidis and S. aureus are even better than those of PenNa. Moreover, PenAg exhibits no in vivo toxicity against Artemia salina at concentration up to 300 μΜ. The wide therapeutic window and the low toxicity, make PenAg a possible candidate for the development of a new antibiotic.
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An Efficient Disinfectant, Composite Material {SLS@[Zn 3(CitH) 2]} as Ingredient for Development of Sterilized and Non Infectious Contact Lens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040213. [PMID: 31703330 PMCID: PMC6963967 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The [Zn3(CitH)2] (1) (CitH4= citric acid), was dispersed in sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) to form the micelle of SLS@[Zn3(CitH)2] (2). This material 2 was incorporated in hydrogel made by hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA), an ingredient of contact lenses, toward the formation of pHEMA@(SLS@[Zn3(CitH)2]) (3). Samples of 1 and 2 were characterized by UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR, FT-Raman, single crystal X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, atomic absorption and TG/DTA/DSC. The antibacterial activity of 1–3 as well as of SLS against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis (St. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (St. aureus)) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), and Escherichia coli (E. coli)) bacteria was evaluated by the means of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and inhibitory zone (IZ). 2 showed 10 to 20-fold higher activity than 1 against the bacteria tested. Moreover the 3 decreases the abundance of Gram-positive microbes up to 30% (St. aureus) and up to 20% (PAO1) the Gram-negative ones. The noteworthy antimicrobial activity of the obtained composite 3 suggests an effective antimicrobial additive for infection-free contact lenses.
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Banti CN, Hadjikakou SK. Evaluation of Genotoxicity by Micronucleus Assay in vitro and by Allium cepa Test in vivo. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3311. [PMID: 33654820 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of new metallodrugs either as Small Bioactive Molecules (SBAMs) or Conjugates of Metals with Drugs (CoMeDs) is evaluated by the micronucleus test and the Allium cepa assay, respectively. Fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5), normal human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) and immortalized human keratinocytes cells (HaCaT) were incubated with solutions of SBAMs or CoMeDs at their IC50 values for 48 h (the concentration of a compound which is required to inhibit the cells growth by 50% in relation to the non-treated cells). The micronucleus abundance percentage towards the corresponding one, of the non-treated cells indicates the in vitro genotoxicity of the formulations. The in vivo Allium cepa test comprises the exposing of the plant Allium cepa roots to an SBAMs or a CoMeDs solution for 48 h. The percentages of the mitotic index, the chromosome aberrations, the nuclear abnormalities and the presence of the micronucleus are calculated indicating the in vivo genotoxicity of the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Banti
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sotiris K Hadjikakou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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19
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The periodic table of urea derivative: small molecules of zinc(II) and nickel(II) of diverse antimicrobial and antiproliferative applications. Mol Divers 2019; 24:31-43. [PMID: 30798435 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-09909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two complexes of Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions with the urea derivative, 2-benzimidazolyl-urea (BZIMU), of formulae [ZnBZIMU)2(H2O)](NO3)2 (1) and [Ni(BZIMU)2(CH3CH2OH)2](NO3)2 (2) were synthesized and characterized by their melting point, elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, UV-Vis and 1H-NMR), High-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), molar conductivity and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal structures of 1-2 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The antiproliferative activity of 1-2 was tested in vitro against human adenocarcinoma cell lines: cervix (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7). Their toxicity was surveyed against normal human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). The bioactivity mechanism of 1-2 and their related analogues of copper and silver metallodrugs are rationalized by the means of computations. The antimicrobial activity of 1-2 against Escherichia coli (E. coli) is also evaluated. The complexes [ZnBZIMU)2(H2O)](NO3)2 (1) and [Ni(BZIMU)2(CH3CH2OH)2](NO3)2 (2) (BZIMU= 2-Benzimidazolyl-urea), were tested in vitro against HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Their toxicity was surveyed against normal MRC-5 cells. The association of the microbiota with the antiproliferative activity of 1-2 was investigated against Escherichia coli.
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