1
|
ÖMEROĞLU İ, DURMUŞ M. Water-soluble phthalocyanine photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:837-863. [PMID: 38173755 PMCID: PMC10760830 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on a photochemical reaction that is started when a photosensitizing process is activated by the light and results in the death of tumor cells. Solubility is crucial in PDT applications to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of phthalocyanines, but, unfortunately, most phthalocyanines show limited solubility especially in water. To increase the solubility of phthalocyanines in polar solvents and water, ionic groups such as -SO3-, -NR3+, -COO-, and nonionic groups such as polyoxy chains are frequently added to the peripheral or nonperipheral positions of the phthalocyanine framework. Since water-solubility and NIR-absorbing properties are essential for efficient PDT activation, studies have been focused on the synthesis of these types of phthalocyanine derivatives. This review focuses on the photophysical, photochemical, and some in vitro or in vivo studies of the recently published ionic and nonionic phthalocyanine-mediated photosensitizers carried out in the last five years. This review will have positive contributions to future studies on phthalocyanine chemistry and their PDT applications as well as photochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İpek ÖMEROĞLU
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli,
Turkiye
| | - Mahmut DURMUŞ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli,
Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abadan S, Saglam MF, Koca MS, Bingul M, Sahin H, Zorlu Y, Sengul IF. Synthesis and Molecular Modeling Studies of Naphthazarin Derivatives as Novel Selective Inhibitors of α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
3
|
Comparison of singlet oxygen production of ethyl vanillin substituted silicon phthalocyanine using sonophotodynamic and photodynamic methods. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
4
|
Yıldız M, Bingul M, Zorlu Y, Saglam MF, Boga M, Temel M, Koca MS, Kandemir H, Sengul IF. Dimethoxyindoles based thiosemicarbazones as multi-target agents; synthesis, crystal interactions, biological activity and molecular modeling. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105647. [PMID: 35121556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as one of the most devastating neurodegenerative disease diagnosed for the old-aged people and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) can be used as an effective palliative treatment for AD. A range of novel monomeric and dimeric indole based thiosemicarbazone derivatives 17-28 was synthesized in order to target cholinesterases (ChE). Biological importance of the targeted compounds 17-28 was investigated by employing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes along with three different antioxidant property determination assays, namely DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cationic radical decolarization, and CUPRAC cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. The compounds 18 and 19 displayed the best inhibitor activity against BChE with IC50 values of 7.42 and 1.95 μM, respectively. The antioxidant potentials were found to be moderate for DPPH and ABTS assays and the compounds 28 and 18 were the most potent candidates for both antioxidant assays. Cupric reducing capacity was the most promising assay and the compounds 25, 26 and 28 provided better inhibition values than all the standards. Further binding mode and affinity studies performed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Accordingly, the compound 19 is the most plausible candidate that can compete with galantamine (GNT), a common pharmaceutics targeting both cholinesterase enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhal Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Turkey
| | - Murat Bingul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet F Saglam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Boga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
| | - Mutesir Temel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serdar Koca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kandemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim F Sengul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Izgi S, Sengul IF, Şahin E, Koca MS, Cebeci F, Kandemir H. Synthesis of 7-azaindole based carbohydrazides and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles; Antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition properties and docking study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|