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Suh JM, Kim M, Yoo J, Han J, Paulina C, Lim MH. Intercommunication between metal ions and amyloidogenic peptides or proteins in protein misfolding disorders. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bacchella C, Gentili S, Mozzi SI, Monzani E, Casella L, Tegoni M, Dell’Acqua S. Role of the Cysteine in R3 Tau Peptide in Copper Binding and Reactivity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810726. [PMID: 36142637 PMCID: PMC9503722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a widespread neuroprotein that regulates the cytoskeleton assembly. In some neurological disorders, known as tauopathies, tau is dissociated from the microtubule and forms insoluble neurofibrillary tangles. Tau comprises four pseudorepeats (R1-R4), containing one (R1, R2, R4) or two (R3) histidines, that potentially act as metal binding sites. Moreover, Cys291 and Cys322 in R2 and R3, respectively, might have an important role in protein aggregation, through possible disulfide bond formation, and/or affecting the binding and reactivity of redox-active metal ions, as copper. We, therefore, compare the interaction of copper with octadeca-R3-peptide (R3C) and with the mutant containing an alanine residue (R3A) to assess the role of thiol group. Spectrophotometric titrations allow to calculate the formation constant of the copper(I) complexes, showing a remarkable stronger interaction in the case of R3C (l log Kf = 13.4 and 10.5 for copper(I)-R3C and copper(I)-R3A, respectively). We also evaluate the oxidative reactivity associated to these copper complexes in the presence of dopamine and ascorbate. Both R3A and R3C peptides increase the capability of copper to oxidize catechols, but copper-R3C displays a peculiar mechanism due to the presence of cysteine. HPLC-MS analysis shows that cysteine can form disulfide bonds and dopamine-Cys covalent adducts, with potential implication in tau aggregation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bacchella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Gentili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Ida Mozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Casella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Dell’Acqua
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
Copper ions bind to biomolecules (e.g., peptides and proteins) playing an essential role in many biological and physiological pathways in the human body. The resulting complexes may contribute to the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and bacterial and viral diseases, or act as therapeutics. Some compounds can chemically damage biological macromolecules and initiate the development of pathogenic states. Conversely, a number of these compounds may have antibacterial, antiviral, and even anticancer properties. One of the most significant current discussions in Cu biochemistry relates to the mechanisms of the positive and negative actions of Cu ions based on the generation of reactive oxygen species, including radicals that can interact with DNA molecules. This review aims to analyze various peptide–copper complexes and the mechanism of their action.
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