1
|
Small Ruminant Models for Articular Cartilage Regeneration by Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5590479. [PMID: 34912460 PMCID: PMC8668357 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models play an important role in preclinical studies, especially in tissue engineering scaffolds for cartilage repair, which require large animal models to verify the safety and effectiveness for clinical use. The small ruminant models are most widely used in this field than other large animals because they are cost-effective, easy to raise, not to mention the fact that the aforementioned animal presents similar anatomical features to that of humans. This review discusses the experimental study of tissue engineering scaffolds for knee articular cartilage regeneration in small ruminant models. Firstly, the selection of these scaffold materials and the preparation process in vitro that have been already used in vivo are briefly reviewed. Moreover, the major factors influencing the rational design and the implementation as well as advantages and limitations of small ruminants are also demonstrated. As regards methodology, this paper applies principles and methods followed by most researchers in the process of experimental design and operation of this kind. By summarizing and comparing different therapeutic concepts, this paper offers suggestions aiming to increase the effectiveness of preclinical research using small ruminant models and improve the process of developing corresponding therapies.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bagherifard A, Joneidi Yekta H, Akbari Aghdam H, Motififard M, Sanatizadeh E, Ghadiri Nejad M, Esmaeili S, Saber-Samandari S, Sheikhbahaei E, Khandan A. Improvement in osseointegration of tricalcium phosphate-zircon for orthopedic applications: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:1681-1693. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
3
|
Tissue Engineering Strategies for Osteochondral Repair. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:353-371. [PMID: 29736582 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies have been pushing forward several fields in the range of biomedical research. The musculoskeletal field is not an exception. In fact, tissue engineering has been a great asset in the development of new treatments for osteochondral lesions. Herein, we overview the recent developments in osteochondral tissue engineering. Currently, the treatments applied in a clinical scenario have shown some drawbacks given the difficulty in regenerating a fully functional hyaline cartilage. Among the different strategies designed for osteochondral regeneration, it is possible to identify cell-free strategies, scaffold-free strategies, and advanced strategies, where different materials are combined with cells. Cell-free strategies consist in the development of scaffolds in the attempt to better fulfill the requirements of the cartilage regeneration process. For that, different structures have been designed, from monolayers to multilayered structures, with the intent to mimic the osteochondral architecture. In the case of scaffold-free strategies, they took advantage on the extracellular matrix produced by cells. The last strategy relies in the development of new biomaterials capable of mimicking the extracellular matrix. This way, the cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation at the lesion site are expedited, exploiting the self-regenerative potential of cells and its interaction with biomolecules. Overall, despite the difficulties associated with each approach, tissue engineering has been proven a valuable tool in the regeneration of osteochondral lesions and together with the latest advances in the field, promises to revolutionize personalized therapies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Solorio LD, Phillips LM, McMillan A, Cheng CW, Dang PN, Samorezov JE, Yu X, Murphy WL, Alsberg E. Spatially organized differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells within biphasic microparticle-incorporated high cell density osteochondral tissues. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2306-13. [PMID: 26371790 PMCID: PMC4638379 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Giving rise to both bone and cartilage during development, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) have the unique capacity to generate the complex tissues of the osteochondral interface. Utilizing a scaffold-free hMSC system, biphasic osteochondral constructs are incorporated with two types of growth factor-releasing microparticles to enable spatially organized differentiation. Gelatin microspheres (GM) releasing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) combined with hMSC form the chondrogenic phase. The osteogenic phase contains hMSC only, mineral-coated hydroxyapatite microparticles (MCM), or MCM loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), cultured in medium with or without BMP-2. After 4 weeks, TGF-β1 release from GM within the cartilage phase promotes formation of a glycosaminoglycan- and type II collagen-rich matrix, and has a local inhibitory effect on osteogenesis. In the osteogenic phase, type X collagen and osteopontin are produced in all conditions. However, calcification occurs on the outer edges of the chondrogenic phase in some constructs cultured in media containing BMP-2, and alkaline phosphatase levels are elevated, indicating that BMP-2 releasing MCM provides better control over region-specific differentiation. The production of complex, stem cell-derived osteochondral tissues via incorporated microparticles could enable earlier implantation, potentially improving outcomes in the treatment of osteochondral defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loran D. Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lauren M. Phillips
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alexandra McMillan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Christina W. Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Phuong N. Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Julia E. Samorezov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - William L. Murphy
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA, AO Foundation Collaborative Research Center, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA, AO Foundation Collaborative Research Center, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos, 7270, Switzerland, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hunziker EB, Lippuner K, Keel MJB, Shintani N. An educational review of cartilage repair: precepts & practice--myths & misconceptions--progress & prospects. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:334-50. [PMID: 25534362 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The repair of cartilaginous lesions within synovial joints is still an unresolved and weighty clinical problem. Although research activity in this area has been indefatigably sustained, no significant progress has been made during the past decade. The aim of this educational review is to heighten the awareness amongst students and scientists of the basic issues that must be tackled and resolved before we can hope to escape from the whirlpool of stagnation into which we have fallen: cartilage repair redivivus! DESIGN Articular-cartilage lesions may be induced traumatically (e.g., by sports injuries and occupational accidents) or pathologically during the course of a degenerative disease (e.g., osteoarthritis). This review addresses the biological basis of cartilage repair and surveys current trends in treatment strategies, focussing on those that are most widely adopted by orthopaedic surgeons [viz., abrasive chondroplasty, microfracturing/microdrilling, osteochondral grafting and autologous-chondrocyte implantation (ACI)]. Also described are current research activities in the field of cartilage-tissue engineering, which, as a therapeutic principle, holds more promise for success than any other experimental approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Tissue engineering aims to reconstitute a tissue both structurally and functionally. This process can be conducted entirely in vitro, initially in vitro and then in vivo (in situ), or entirely in vivo. Three key constituents usually form the building blocks of such an approach: a matrix scaffold, cells, and signalling molecules. Of the proposed approaches, none have yet advanced beyond the phase of experimental development to the level of clinical induction. The hurdles that need to be surmounted for ultimate success are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E B Hunziker
- Departments of Osteoporosis, Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - K Lippuner
- Departments of Osteoporosis, Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - M J B Keel
- Departments of Osteoporosis, Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - N Shintani
- Departments of Osteoporosis, Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|