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Izidoro C, Botelho J, Machado V, Reis AM, Proença L, Barroso H, Alves R, Mendes JJ. Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Impact on Subgingival Microbiome and Intra-Oral Halitosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032518. [PMID: 36768839 PMCID: PMC9916745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare subgingival microbiome before and after periodontal treatment to learn if any changes of the subgingival microbiome were reflected in intra-oral halitosis. We tested the hypothesis that intra-oral halitosis (Volatile sulfur compounds levels) correlates with corresponding subgingival bacterial levels before and after periodontal treatment. Twenty patients with generalized periodontitis completed the study. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline and 6-8 weeks after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Full-mouth periodontal status assessed probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (REC), bleeding on probing (BoP), PISA and PESA. Halitosis assessment was made using a volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) detector device. Periodontal measures were regressed across VSC values using adjusted multivariate linear analysis. The subgingival microbiome was characterized by sequencing on an Illumina platform. From a sample of 20 patients referred to periodontal treatment, 70% were females (n = 14), with a mean age of 56.6 (±10.3) years; full-mouth records of PD, CAL, BOP (%) allowed to classify the stage and grade of periodontitis, with 45% (n = 9) of the sample having Periodontitis Stage IV grade C and 95% (n = 19) had generalized periodontitis. The correlation of bacterial variation with VSCs measured in the periodontal diagnosis and in the reassessment after treatment were evaluated. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Campylobacter showaei showed correlation with the reduction of VSC after periodontal treatment (p-value = 0.044; 0.047 and 0.004, respectively). Capnocytophaga sputigena had a significant reverse correlation between VSCs variation from diagnosis (baseline) and after treatment. Microbial diversity was high in the subgingival plaque on periodontitis and intra-oral halitosis participants of the study. Furthermore, there were correlations between subgingival plaque composition and VSC counting after periodontal treatment. The subgingival microbiome can offer important clues in the investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Izidoro
- Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-212-946-737
| | - João Botelho
- Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Neuroradiology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, 4464-513 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Luís Proença
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research Unit (MQIS), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Helena Barroso
- Microbiology and Public Health Unit, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Alves
- Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
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Wu DD, Ngowi EE, Zhai YK, Wang YZ, Khan NH, Kombo AF, Khattak S, Li T, Ji XY. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Oral Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1886277. [PMID: 35116090 PMCID: PMC8807043 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1886277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common human diseases yet less studied. These diseases affect both the physical, mental, and social health of the patients resulting in poor quality of life. They affect all ages, although severe stages are mostly observed in older individuals. Poor oral hygiene, genetics, and environmental factors contribute enormously to the development and progression of these diseases. Although there are available treatment options for these diseases, the recurrence of the diseases hinders their efficiency. Oral volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are highly produced in oral cavity as a result of bacteria activities. Together with bacteria components such as lipopolysaccharides, VSCs participate in the progression of oral diseases by regulating cellular activities and interfering with the immune response. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous neurotransmitter primarily produced endogenously and is involved in the regulation of cellular activities. The gas is also among the VSCs produced by oral bacteria. In numerous diseases, H2S have been reported to have dual effects depending on the cell, concentration, and donor used. In oral diseases, high production and subsequent utilization of this gas have been reported. Also, this high production is associated with the progression of oral diseases. In this review, we will discuss the production of H2S in oral cavity, its interaction with cellular activities, and most importantly its role in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Wu
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam 2329, Tanzania
| | - Yuan-Kun Zhai
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Ahmad Fadhil Kombo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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Hampelska K, Jaworska MM, Babalska ZŁ, Karpiński TM. The Role of Oral Microbiota in Intra-Oral Halitosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2484. [PMID: 32748883 PMCID: PMC7465478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a common ailment concerning 15% to 60% of the human population. Halitosis can be divided into extra-oral halitosis (EOH) and intra-oral halitosis (IOH). The IOH is formed by volatile compounds, which are produced mainly by anaerobic bacteria. To these odorous substances belong volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), aromatic compounds, amines, short-chain fatty or organic acids, alcohols, aliphatic compounds, aldehydes, and ketones. The most important VSCs are hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and methyl mercaptan. VSCs can be toxic for human cells even at low concentrations. The oral bacteria most related to halitosis are Actinomyces spp., Bacteroides spp., Dialister spp., Eubacterium spp., Fusobacterium spp., Leptotrichia spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp., Selenomonas spp., Solobacterium spp., Tannerella forsythia, and Veillonella spp. Most bacteria that cause halitosis are responsible for periodontitis, but they can also affect the development of oral and digestive tract cancers. Malodorous agents responsible for carcinogenesis are hydrogen sulfide and acetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hampelska
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.H.); (M.M.J.)
- Central Microbiology Laboratory, H. Święcicki Clinical Hospital, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcelina Maria Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (K.H.); (M.M.J.)
| | - Zuzanna Łucja Babalska
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
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Wang B, Huang C, Chen L, Xu D, Zheng G, Zhou Y, Wang X, Zhang X. The Emerging Roles of the Gaseous Signaling Molecules NO, H2S, and CO in the Regulation of Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:798-812. [PMID: 33464852 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chongan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Daoliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Nakhleh MK, Quatredeniers M, Haick H. Detection of halitosis in breath: Between the past, present, and future. Oral Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MK Nakhleh
- Univ Paris-Sud; Faculté de Médecine; Université Paris-Saclay; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
- AP-HP; DHU TORINO; Service de Pneumologie; Hôpital Bicêtre; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
- Inserm UMR_S 999; LabExLERMIT; Hôpital Marie Lannelongue; Le Plessis Robinson France
| | - M Quatredeniers
- Univ Paris-Sud; Faculté de Médecine; Université Paris-Saclay; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
- AP-HP; DHU TORINO; Service de Pneumologie; Hôpital Bicêtre; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
- Inserm UMR_S 999; LabExLERMIT; Hôpital Marie Lannelongue; Le Plessis Robinson France
| | - H Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
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Caygur A, Albaba MR, Berberoglu A, Yilmaz HG. Efficacy of glycine powder air-polishing combined with scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis and halitosis: A randomised clinical study. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1168-1174. [PMID: 28425827 PMCID: PMC5536418 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517705540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of using the Perio-Flow device (Electro Medical Systems, Nyon, Switzerland) adjunctively with mechanical instrumentation on periodontal parameters and halitosis. Materials and Methods Sixty patients who presented with a 4- to 6-mm probing pocket depth were recruited for the study. Patients were randomly assigned to scaling and root planing (SRP) or SRP + glycine powder air-polishing (GPAP). For both groups, the plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level scores were recorded at baseline and 1 month. Volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) were measured by a Halimeter (Interscan Corp., Chatsworth, CA, USA) at baseline, immediately after treatment, and at 7, 14, and 30 days. Results Both groups showed significantly lower plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level gain scores at 1 month than at baseline. No significant differences were found between the groups at any time point. The VSCs were significantly different at 1 month compared with baseline in both groups. However, the intergroup comparisons of VSCs were not statistically significant at any time point. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, SRP is effective for treatment of periodontitis and halitosis. However, using GPAP adjunctively with mechanical instrumentation has no beneficial effects on halitosis or periodontal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Caygur
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mohammed R Albaba
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Atilla Berberoglu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hasan Guney Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Mersin, Turkey
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Madhushankari GS, Yamunadevi A, Selvamani M, Mohan Kumar KP, Basandi PS. Halitosis - An overview: Part-I - Classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of halitosis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2015; 7:S339-43. [PMID: 26538874 PMCID: PMC4606616 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.163441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a condition where the breath is altered in an unpleasant manner for the affected individuals and impairs them socially as well as psychologically. Halitosis can be clinically classified as real halitosis, pseudohalitosis, and halitophobia. Real halitosis has oral and extra-oral etiologies and the pathophysiology involves interaction of anaerobic microbes (mainly) with the proteins present in the oral cavity fluids and contents, resulting in production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). These VSCs, beyond responsible for halitosis, can also initiate and accelerate periodontal disease progression. Thus, this review is about the pathophysiology and various etiologies of halitosis, the knowledge of which can help in the betterment of treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Madhushankari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Andamuthu Yamunadevi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Selvamani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Mahe Institute of Dental Science and Hospital, Mahe, U.T. of Puducherry, India
| | - K P Mohan Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen S Basandi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Ouhara K, Iwasaki Y, Kajiya M, Savitri IJ, Kitagawa M, Tokunaga N, Shintani T, Ogawa I, Hino T, Fujita T, Shiba H, Kurihara H. The differential expression of mgl mRNA by Porphyromonas gingivalis affects the production of methyl mercaptan. Oral Dis 2015; 21:626-33. [PMID: 25703825 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A large number of individuals have halitosis. The total amount of volatile sulfur compounds, which are the main cause of halitosis, has been correlated with periodontitis following bacterial infection. In this study, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a major periodontopathogenic bacterium, was isolated from patients with halitosis by the amplification of 16S rRNA, and the ability of isolated Pg to produce methyl mercaptan (CH3 SH) was determined to clarify the relationship between halitosis and Pg infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS CH3 SH concentrations were measured in patients using Oral Chroma. The production of CH3 SH by Pg standard and clinical strains was also measured in vitro. Real-time PCR was performed to compare the expression of mgl mRNA (which encoded l-methionine-a-deamino-g-mercaptomethane-lyase) among the Pg strains. The production of CH3 SH and the expression of mgl mRNA were also determined to assess the effects of oriental medicine. RESULTS The production of CH3 SH and the expression of mgl mRNA strongly correlated with each other in the presence of l-methionine. The expression of mgl mRNA by Pg W83 was strongly inhibited by magnoliaceae. CONCLUSION The production of CH3 SH was correlated with the expression of mgl. Furthermore, the oriental medicine, magnoliaceae, may represent a potential treatment for halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ouhara
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Y Iwasaki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M Kajiya
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - I J Savitri
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M Kitagawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - N Tokunaga
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Shintani
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - I Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Hino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Fujita
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Shiba
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Kurihara
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Department of Periodontal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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Calenic B, Yaegaki K, Ishkitiev N, Kumazawa Y, Imai T, Tanaka T. p53-Pathway activity and apoptosis in hydrogen sulfide-exposed stem cells separated from human gingival epithelium. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:322-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Calenic
- Department of Oral Health; Nippon Dental University; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Dental Medicine; University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”; Bucharest Romania
| | - K. Yaegaki
- Department of Oral Health; Nippon Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Ishkitiev
- Department of Oral Health; Nippon Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kumazawa
- Department of Oral Surgery; The Nippon Dental University Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Imai
- Department of Oral Health; Nippon Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Tanaka
- Department of Oral Health; Nippon Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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Thorn RMS, Greenman J. Microbial volatile compounds in health and disease conditions. J Breath Res 2012; 6:024001. [PMID: 22556190 PMCID: PMC7106765 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/6/2/024001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial cultures and/or microbial associated diseases often have a characteristic smell. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by all microorganisms as part of their normal metabolism. The types and classes of VOC produced is wide, including fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols and ketones), aromatic compounds, nitrogen containing compounds, and volatile sulfur compounds. A diversity of ecological niches exist in the human body which can support a polymicrobial community, with the exact VOC profile of a given anatomical site being dependent on that produced by both the host component and the microbial species present. The detection of VOCs is of interest to various disciplines, hence numerous analytical approaches have been developed to accurately characterize and measure VOCs in the laboratory, often from patient derived samples. Using these technological advancements it is evident that VOCs are indicative of both health and disease states. Many of these techniques are still largely confined to the research laboratory, but it is envisaged that in future bedside 'VOC profiling' will enable rapid characterization of microbial associated disease, providing vital information to healthcare practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Michael Statham Thorn
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Centre for Research in Biomedicine, Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, BS16 1QY, UK
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Aoyama I, Yaegaki K, Calenic B, Ii H, Ishkitiev N, Imai T. The role of p53 in an apoptotic process caused by an oral malodorous compound in periodontal tissues: a review. J Breath Res 2012; 6:017104. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/6/1/017104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Aoyama I, Calenic B, Imai T, Ii H, Yaegaki K. Oral malodorous compound causes caspase-8 and -9 mediated programmed cell death in osteoblasts. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:365-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Suwabe K, Yoshida Y, Nagano K, Yoshimura F. Identification of an L-methionine γ-lyase involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide from L-cysteine in Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2011; 157:2992-3000. [PMID: 21798982 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.051813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum produces an abundance of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in the oral cavity that is mediated by several enzymes. The identification and characterization of three distinct enzymes (Fn0625, Fn1055 and Fn1220) in F. nucleatum that catalyse the production of H(2)S from l-cysteine have been reported. In the current study, a novel enzyme involved in the production of H(2)S in F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, whose molecular mass had been estimated to be approximately 130 kDa, was identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF MS. The enzyme, Fn1419, has previously been characterized as an l-methionine γ-lyase. SDS-PAGE and gel-filtration chromatography indicated that Fn1419 has a molecular mass of 43 kDa and forms tetramers in solution. Unlike other enzymes associated with H(2)S production in F. nucleatum, the quaternary structure of Fn1419 was not completely disrupted by exposure to SDS. The purified recombinant enzyme exhibited a K(m) of 0.32±0.02 mM and a k(cat) of 0.69±0.01 s(-1). Based on current and published data, the enzymic activity for H(2)S production from l-cysteine in F. nucleatum is ranked as follows: Fn1220>Fn1055>Fn1419>Fn0625. Based on kinetic values and relative mRNA levels of the respective genes, as determined by real-time quantitative PCR, the amount of H(2)S produced by Fn1419 was estimated to be 1.9 % of the total H(2)S produced from l-cysteine in F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. In comparison, Fn1220 appeared to contribute significantly to H(2)S production (87.6 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Suwabe
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiji Nagano
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Hydrogen Sulfide Causes Apoptosis in Human Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2011; 37:479-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Calenic B, Yaegaki K, Kozhuharova A, Imai T. Oral malodorous compound causes oxidative stress and p53-mediated programmed cell death in keratinocyte stem cells. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1317-23. [PMID: 20476886 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), the main substance causing physiologic halitosis, is also involved in the etiology of periodontitis. Gingival crevicular epithelium is the first barrier against periodontal pathogens and their products; keratinocyte stem cells play key roles in maintaining this barrier. An increased apoptotic process can affect keratinocyte stem cells, having a direct impact on oral epithelial tissue architecture. Our objective is to determine whether H(2)S induces apoptosis in human keratinocyte stem cells. METHODS Apoptosis levels; p53 activity; reactive oxygen species; mitochondrial membrane depolarization; cytochrome C release; and caspase-9, -8, and -3 were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Genomic DNA damage was examined using single-cell gel electrophoresis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for Bax detection. RESULTS The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly increased (20.5% +/- 1.6% versus 4.5% +/- 1.1% at 24 hours and 37.8% +/- 5.4% versus 4.8% +/- 0.9% at 48 hours; P <0.05, respectively; n = 5). Mitochondrial membrane potential was collapsed and reactive oxygen species levels were significantly increased compared to their control groups. At each time point the amount of released cytochrome C into the cytosol was significantly increased. Caspase-9 and -3 activities were significantly increased (P <0.05), whereas caspase-8 remained inactive. After both 24 and 48 hours, total and phosphorylated p53 levels were significantly increased. CONCLUSION We conclude that H(2)S can induce apoptosis in human keratinocyte stem cells, a key component of the epithelial barrier, following DNA damage and p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Calenic
- Department of Oral Health, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ii H, Imai T, Yaegaki K, Irie K, Ekuni D, Morita M. Oral Malodorous Compound Induces Osteoclast Differentiation Without Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1691-7. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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