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Cosola S, Toti P, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Covani U, Brevi BC, Peñarrocha-Oltra D. Standardization of three-dimensional pose of cylindrical implants from intraoral radiographs: a preliminary study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:100. [PMID: 33676469 PMCID: PMC7937219 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To introduce a theoretical solution to a posteriori describe the pose of a cylindrical dental fixture as appearing on radiographs; to experimentally validate the method described. Methods The pose of a conventional dental implant was described by a triplet of angles (phi-pitch, theta-roll, and psi-yaw) which was calculated throughout vector analysis. Radiographic- and simulated-image obtained with an algorithm were compared to test effectiveness, reproducibility, and accuracy of the method. The length of the dental implant as appearing on the simulated image was calculated by the trigonometric function and then compared with real length as it appeared on a two-dimensional radiograph. Results Twenty radiographs were analyzed for the present in silico and retrospective study. Among 40 fittings, 37 resulted as resolved with residuals ≤ 1 mm. Similar results were obtained for radiographic and simulated implants with absolute errors of − 1.1° ± 3.9° for phi; − 0.9° ± 4.1° for theta; 0° ± 1.1° for psi. The real and simulated length of the implants appeared to be heavily correlated. Linear dependence was verified by the results of the robust linear regression: 0.9757 (slope), + 0.1344 mm (intercept), and an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.9054. Conclusions The method allowed clinicians to calculate, a posteriori, a single real triplet of angles (phi, theta, psi) by analyzing a two-dimensional radiograph and to identify cases where standardization of repeated intraoral radiographies was not achieved. The a posteriori standardization of two-dimensional radiographs could allowed the clinicians to minimize the patient’s exposure to ionizing radiations for the measurement of marginal bone levels around dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Cosola
- Department of Stomatology, Tuscan Stomatological Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, Via Padre Ignazio da Carrara 39, 55042, Forte Dei Marmi, Italy. .,Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of ValenciaGascó, Oliag Street 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paolo Toti
- Department of Stomatology, Tuscan Stomatological Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, Via Padre Ignazio da Carrara 39, 55042, Forte Dei Marmi, Italy.,Department of Multidisciplinary Regenerative Research, "Guglielmo Marconi University", Via Plinio 44, 00193, Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of ValenciaGascó, Oliag Street 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ugo Covani
- Department of Stomatology, Tuscan Stomatological Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, Via Padre Ignazio da Carrara 39, 55042, Forte Dei Marmi, Italy
| | - Bruno Carlo Brevi
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery (Acting Director: Dr. Bruno Brevi), Hospital and University of Pisa, Via Piero Trivella, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - David Peñarrocha-Oltra
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of ValenciaGascó, Oliag Street 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Using acrylic customized X-ray positioning stents for long-term follow-up studies. Saudi Dent J 2020; 32:120-128. [PMID: 32180668 PMCID: PMC7063427 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Long-term assessment of teeth, dental implants, and their corresponding structures is vital to obtain more data concerning the achievement or disappointment of different treatment modalities in clinical situations. Aim This report aimed to verify the usage of customized X-ray positioning stents suitable for long-term follow-up studies. Material and methods Two acrylic stents were compared. An X-ray positioning device was built by the incorporation of a bite piece within an acrylic hard nightguard stent and a conventional acrylic film holder were fabricated for 20 patients. Four radiographs were taken of each patient (two of each film holder) at the initial time and after 3 months. Specific linear measurements of the premolar diameter (CEJ width) and the height between the CEJ and the apex were made of all of the radiographs to determine the reproducibility and accuracy of the procedure. Results The customized X-ray positioning positing stent showed a slight increase in the mean difference of the measurements of the value of the real ratio, demonstrating that the measurements were precise and reliable images of the premolars. The acrylic film holder showed a significant difference in the measurements of the value of the real ratio, indicating unreliable images of the premolars. Conclusion The device provided reliable linear measurements and produced reproducible images suitable for studies depending on the follow-up analysis.
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Toti P, Barone A, Marconcini S, Menchini-Fabris GB, Martuscelli R, Covani U. Pose determination of a blade implant in three dimensions from a single two-dimensional radiograph. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2018; 47:20170258. [PMID: 29227154 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20170258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to introduce a mathematical method to estimate the correct pose of a blade by evaluating the radiographic features obtained from a single two-dimensional image. Blade-form implant bed preparation was performed using the piezosurgery device, and placement was attained with the use of magnetic mallet. The pose determination of the blade was described by means of three consecutive rotations defined by three angles of orientation (triplet φ, θ and ψ). Retrospective analysis on periapical radiographs was performed. This method was used to compare implant (axial length along the marker, i.e. the implant structure) vs angular correction factor (a trigonometric function of the triplet). The accuracy of the method was tested by generating two-dimensional radiographic simulations of the blades, which were then compared with the images of the implants as appearing on the real radiographs. Two patients had to be excluded from further evaluation because the values of the estimated pose angles showed a too-wide range to be effective for a good standardization of serial radiographs: intrapatient range from baseline to 1-year survey was > of a threshold determined by the clinicians (30°). The linear dependence between implant (CF°) and angular correction factor (CF^) was estimated by a robust linear regression, yielding the following coefficients: slope, 0.908; intercept, -0.092; and coefficient of determination, 0.924. The absolute error in accuracy was -0.29 ± 4.35, 0.23 ± 3.81 and 0.64 ± 1.18°, respectively, for the angles φ, θ and ψ. The present theoretical and experimental study established the possibility of determining, a posteriori, a unique triplet of angles (φ, θ and ψ) which described the pose of a blade upon a single two-dimensional radiograph, and of suggesting a method to detect cases in which the standardized geometric projection failed. The angular correction of the bone level yielded results very close to those obtained with an internal marker related to the implant length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Toti
- 1 Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,2 Tuscan Dental Institute, Fortis Dental Center , Forte dei Marmi , Italy
| | - Antonio Barone
- 3 Department of Surgery , University of Geneva, Rue Barthélémy-Menn , Genève , Switzerland
| | - Simone Marconcini
- 1 Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,2 Tuscan Dental Institute, Fortis Dental Center , Forte dei Marmi , Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Menchini-Fabris
- 1 Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,2 Tuscan Dental Institute, Fortis Dental Center , Forte dei Marmi , Italy
| | - Ranieri Martuscelli
- 4 Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences , School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Ugo Covani
- 1 Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,2 Tuscan Dental Institute, Fortis Dental Center , Forte dei Marmi , Italy
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A new digital tool for radiographic bone level measurements in longitudinal studies. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:107. [PMID: 26350934 PMCID: PMC4562112 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The reproducibility of measurements on radiographs is influenced by the techniques by which the images as well as the measurements are obtained. Thus, bias resulting from errors in the image and/or image examinations at two points in time may result in wrongful registrations of true biological or pathological changes. The aim of the present study was to propose and evaluate an indirect radiological examination technique, by which bias, when measuring radiographic bone level, could be substantially reduced as compared to the technique using direct mm measurements. Methods A plugin to ImageJ was designed to reduce bias when measuring bone loss on radiographic images. In human dry mandibles, radiographic images of 20 teeth were obtained parallel with the tooth axis (alpha = 0) and at an angle of 30° deviation. The direct technique of measuring radiographic bone level (RBL) and the indirect, length-adjusted RBL were registered by four researchers in a double blinded fashion. Results When mean RBL measured at 0° angle was 7.0 mm, the corresponding mean RBL measured at 30° angle was 7.8 mm, signifying an 11.4 % increase (p = 0.032), whereas the mean length-adjusted RBL increased by 0.6 % (p = 0.9). Conclusions This study showed that the use of the original, direct technique (ImageJ) resulted in markedly biased radiographic bone level at 30° angle, while the proposed indirect length-adjusted technique (ImageJ plugin) did not.
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Messias A, Tondela JP, Rocha S, Reis R, Nicolau P, Guerra F. Acrylic Customized X-Ray Positioning Stent for Prospective Bone Level Analysis in Long-Term Clinical Implant Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojrad.2013.33023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Roeder F, von Rechenberg I, d’Hoedt B, Schulze R. Spatial relation between a rigid (digital) intraoral X-ray receptor and longitudinal axes of maxillary teeth. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 15:715-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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