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De Lauretis A, Øvrebø Ø, Romandini M, Lyngstadaas SP, Rossi F, Haugen HJ. From Basic Science to Clinical Practice: A Review of Current Periodontal/Mucogingival Regenerative Biomaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308848. [PMID: 38380549 PMCID: PMC11077667 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a dysbiosis-driven inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting tissues, characterized by their progressive resorption, which can ultimately lead to tooth loss. A step-wise therapeutic approach is employed for periodontitis. After an initial behavioral and non-surgical phase, intra-bony or furcation defects may be amenable to regenerative procedures. This review discusses the regenerative technologies employed for periodontal regeneration, highlighting the current limitations and future research areas. The search, performed on the MEDLINE database, has identified the available biomaterials, including biologicals (autologous platelet concentrates, hydrogels), bone grafts (pure or putty), and membranes. Biologicals and bone grafts have been critically analyzed in terms of composition, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Although a certain degree of periodontal regeneration is predictable in intra-bony and class II furcation defects, complete defect closure is hardly achieved. Moreover, treating class III furcation defects remains challenging. The key properties required for functional regeneration are discussed, and none of the commercially available biomaterials possess all the ideal characteristics. Therefore, research is needed to promote the advancement of more effective and targeted regenerative therapies for periodontitis. Lastly, improving the design and reporting of clinical studies is suggested by strictly adhering to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Lauretis
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Øystein Øvrebø
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
| | - Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OsloOslo0455Norway
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Campi LB, Torres FFE, Rodrigues EM, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M. Physicochemical and biological properties of new tricalcium silicate-based repair material doped with fluoride ions and zirconium oxide as radiopacifier. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:862-870. [PMID: 34808030 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the physicochemical and biological properties of novel reparative materials composed of pure tricalcium silicate (Ca3 SiO5 ), Ca3 SiO5 doped with fluoride ions (Ca3 SiO5 -F) and their association with ZrO2 (Ca3 SiO5 + ZrO2 , Ca3 SiO5 -F + ZrO2 ), in comparison with Biodentine (BIO). Setting time radiopacity, pH, solubility, and dimensional change were evaluated based on ISO 6876 Standard. Volumetric change and flow/filling were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Biological properties were evaluated by the MTT assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Neutral Red (NR), cell migration, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) assays. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey, or Bonferroni tests (α = .05). Ca3 SiO5 -F + ZrO2 had higher radiopacity, shorter setting time, and lower solubility and volumetric loss than BIO (p < .05). Ca3 SiO5 -F + ZrO2 had flow and filling capacity similar to BIO (p > .05). All the cements evaluated had an alkaline pH. Ca3 SiO5 -F + ZrO2 demonstrated cell viability similar to negative control (p > .05), increase in ALP activity in 7 days, mineralized nodule production in 21 days and repair capacity according to cell migration. In conclusion, Ca3 SiO5 -F + ZrO2 had adequate setting time, radiopacity, solubility, and dimensional change. This material presented low volumetric change besides flow and filling capacity in micro-CT assessment. In addition, Ca3 SiO5 -F + ZrO2 was biocompatible and bioactive, suggesting its use as reparative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Bueno Campi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Elisandra Márcia Rodrigues
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Bianchi S, Mancini L, Torge D, Cristiano L, Mattei A, Varvara G, Macchiarelli G, Marchetti E, Bernardi S. Bio-Morphological Reaction of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts to Different Types of Dentinal Derivates: In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168681. [PMID: 34445386 PMCID: PMC8395407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological and morphological reactions of human cells towards different dentinal derivate grafting materials is fundamental for choosing the type of dentin for specific clinical situations. This study aimed to evaluate human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPLF) cells exposed to different dentinal derivates particles. The study design included the in vitro evaluation of mineralized dentine (SG), deproteinized and demineralized dentine (DDP), and demineralized dentine (TT) as test materials and of deproteinized bovine bone (BIOS) as the positive control material. The materials were kept with the hPLF cell line, and the evaluations were made after 24 h, 72 h, and 7 days of in vitro culture. The evaluated outcomes were proliferation by using XTT assays, the morphological characteristics by light microscopy (LM) and by the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and adhesion by using confocal microscopy (CLSM). Overall, the experimental materials induced a positive response of the hPLFs in terms of proliferation and adhesion. The XTT assay showed the TT, and the SG induced significant growth compared to the negative control at 7 days follow-up. The morphological data supported the XTT assay: the LM observations showed the presence of densely packed cells with a modified shape; the SEM observations allowed the assessment of how fibroblasts exposed to DDP and TT presented cytoplasmatic extensions; and SG and BIOS also presented the thickening of the cellular membrane. The CLMS observations showed the expression of the proliferative marker, as well as and the expression of cytoskeletal elements involved in the adhesion process. In particular, the vinculin and integrin signals were stronger at 72 h, while the actin signal remained constantly expressed in all the follow-up of the sample exposed to SG material. The integrin signal was stronger at 72 h, and the vinculin and actin signals were stronger at 7 days follow-up in the sample exposed to DDP material. The vinculin and integrin signals were stronger at 72 h follow-up in the sample exposed to TT material; vinculin and integrin signals appear stronger at 24 h follow-up in the sample exposed to BIOS material. These data confirmed how dentinal derivates present satisfying biocompatibility and high conductivity and inductivity properties fundamental in the regenerative processes. Furthermore, the knowledge of the effects of the dentin’s degree of mineralization on cellular behavior will help clinicians choose the type of dentine derivates material according to the required clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bianchi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Leonardo Mancini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Diana Torge
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Antonella Mattei
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Varvara
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti—Pescara ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, via dei Vestini 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Enrico Marchetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Bernardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (D.T.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
- Center of Microscopy, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Development and application of a 3D periodontal in vitro model for the evaluation of fibrillar biomaterials. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:148. [PMID: 32429904 PMCID: PMC7238548 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the tooth supporting structures that finally can lead to tooth loss. As chronic periodontitis is associated with systemic diseases multiple approaches have been followed to support regeneration of the destructed tissue. But very few materials are actually used in the clinic. A new and promising group of biomaterials with advantageous biomechanical properties that have the ability to support periodontal regeneration are self-assembling peptides (SAP). However, there is still a lack of 3D periodontal models that can evaluate the migration potential of such novel materials. Methods All experiments were performed with primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF). Migration capacity was assessed in a three-dimensional model of the human periodontal ligament by measuring the migration distance of viable cells on coated (Enamel Matrix Protein (EMP), P11–4, collagen I) or uncoated human dentin. Cellular metabolic activity on P11–4 hydrogels was assessed by a metabolic activity assay. Deposition of ECM molecules in a P11–4 hydrogel was visualized by immunostaining of collagen I and III and fibrillin I. Results The 3D periodontal model was feasible to show the positive effect of EMP for periodontal regeneration. Subsequently, self-assembling peptide P11–4 was used to evaluate its capacity to support regenerative processes in the 3D periodontal model. HPLF coverage of the dentin surface coated with P11–4 increased significantly over time, even though delayed compared to EMP. Cell viability increased and inclusion of ECM proteins into the biomaterial was shown. Conclusion The presented results indicate that the 3D periodontal model is feasible to assess periodontal defect coverage and that P11–4 serves as an efficient supporter of regenerative processes in the periodontal ligament. Clinical relevance The establishment of building-block synthetic polymers offers new opportunities for clinical application in dentistry. Self-assembling peptides represent a new generation of biomaterials as they are able to respond dynamically to the changing environment of the biological surrounding. Especially in the context of peri-implant disease prevention and treatment they enable the implementation of new concepts.
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Cuppini M, Zatta KC, Mestieri LB, Grecca FS, Leitune VCB, Guterres SS, Collares FM. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drug-delivery systems at endodontic reparative material: Synthesis and characterization. Dent Mater 2019; 35:457-467. [PMID: 30642636 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize an experimental endodontic paste. METHODS An experimental endodontic paste (EX) was characterized by its particle size, zeta potential, drug content and morphology. The powder of EX is composed of amoxicillin microspheres, calcium tungstate and α-tricalcium phosphate, mixed with an indomethacin nanocapsules suspension. Ultracal® (Ultradent), an iodoform-based paste (GP) and the EX were evaluated by its physical properties (flow, film thickness and radiopacity). The cytocompatibility was performed by MTT and SRB-colorimetric assays; the cell-migration was tested with scratch assay and cell-ability to remineralization with ALP and Alizarin Red S, with fibroblastic cell line. The antibacterial activity was assessed by the formation of inhibition zones and against planktonic bacteria. RESULTS The EX and UL flow achieved ISO6876 standard, and GP was lower than 17mm. All pastes achieved the film thickness required. Radiopacity was equivalent to 1.81±0.25mmAl for EX, which did not differ from GP group 1.39±0.33mmAl (p>0.05). The UL presented 3.04±0.33mmAl. The values for SRB showed better citocompatibility in comparison with MTT for all materials. The ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules demonstrated the remineralization potential for UL and EX. Cell migration showed continuous wound closure until complete cell healing, however, the EX accelerated the process (p<0.05). The EX showed the greatest inhibition zone (p<0.05) and was the only group with antibacterial activity against planktonic bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE The synthesized endodontic paste demonstrated reliable physical and biological properties and could be a promising material for periapical tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Cuppini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristine Zatta
- Cosmetology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Letícia Boldrin Mestieri
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vicente Castelo Branco Leitune
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Cosmetology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil.
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Song ZC, Li S, Dong JC, Sun MJ, Zhang XL, Shu R. Enamel matrix proteins regulate hypoxia-induced cellular biobehavior and osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:606-618. [PMID: 29205072 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1370131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a crucial microenvironment for inflamed periodontal tissue and periodontal wound healing. Enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) potentially can promote the formation of new periodontium. The effects of EMPs on periodontal ligament cells under hypoxia, however, remain unclear. We investigated the effects of EMPs on cellular biobehavior and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under hypoxia. Under cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia, cellular biobehavior of hPDLCs, including proliferation, attachment, spreading, and migration with or without EMPs, was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), cell counting, spreading area measurement and wound scratch assay. The osteogenic activity of hPDLCs was assessed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S staining (ARS). The expressions of osteogenic genes including runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen type I (Col-I) were detected using real time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry assays. The biobehavior and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs were inhibited significantly under hypoxia. EMPs have no effect on cell proliferation under mimicked hypoxia. EMPs partly reversed the inhibitory effects of hypoxia, however, for other cellular biobehavior including attachment, spreading and migration, and markedly up-regulated osteogenic differentiation activities including ALP, mineralization ability and the expressions of osteogenic genes such as Runx2, ALP, osteocalcin, and collagen type I in hPDLCs under hypoxia. EMPs attenuate the hypoxic injury to cellular biobehavior and osteogenic differentiation in hPDLCs under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Song
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - S Li
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - J C Dong
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - M J Sun
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - X L Zhang
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
| | - R Shu
- a Department of Periodontology , Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology , Shanghai , 200011 , China
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Wang Q, Wang M, Lu X, Wang K, Fang L, Ren F, Lu G. Effects of atomic-level nano-structured hydroxyapatite on adsorption of bone morphogenetic protein-7 and its derived peptide by computer simulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15152. [PMID: 29123140 PMCID: PMC5680243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the principal inorganic component of bones and teeth and has been widely used as a bone repair material because of its good biocompatibility and bioactivity. Understanding the interactions between proteins and HA is crucial for designing biomaterials for bone regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the effects of atomic-level nano-structured HA (110) surfaces on the adsorption of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and its derived peptide (KQLNALSVLYFDD) using molecular dynamics and density functional theory methods. The results indicated that the atomic-level morphology of HA significantly affected the interaction strength between proteins and HA substrates. The interactions of BMP-7 and its derived peptide with nano-concave and nano-pillar HA surfaces were stronger than those with flat or nano-groove HA surfaces. The results also revealed that if the groove size of nano-structured HA surfaces matched that of residues in the protein or peptide, these residues were likely to spread into the grooves of the nano-groove, nano-concave, and nano-pillar HA, further strengthening the interactions. These results are helpful in better understanding the adsorption behaviors of proteins onto nano-structured HA surfaces, and provide theoretical guidance for designing novel bioceramic materials for bone regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, MianYang Teachers' College, Mianyang, 621006, Sichuan, China
| | - Menghao Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Kefeng Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Genome Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liming Fang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Guoming Lu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, Sichuan, China
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Thomas B, Gupta K. In vitro biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite-added GIC: An SEM study using human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2017; 29:435-441. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Thomas
- Department of Periodontics; Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kunal Gupta
- Dental Clinic & Research Centre; MLA Bungalows, Jawahar Chowk, Bhopal India
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Weinreb M, Nemcovsky CE. In vitro models for evaluation of periodontal wound healing/regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:41-54. [PMID: 25867978 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal wound healing and regeneration are highly complex processes, involving cells, matrices, molecules and genes that must be properly choreographed and orchestrated. As we attempt to understand and influence these clinical entities, we need experimental models to mimic the various aspects of human wound healing and regeneration. In vivo animal models that simulate clinical situations of humans can be costly and cumbersome. In vitro models have been devised to dissect wound healing/regeneration processes into discrete, analyzable steps. For soft tissue (e.g. gingival) healing, in vitro models range from simple culture of cells grown in monolayers and exposed to biological modulators or physical effectors and materials, to models in which cells are 'injured' by scraping and subsequently the 'wound' is filled with new or migrating cells, to three-dimensional models of epithelial-mesenchymal recombination or tissue explants. The cells employed are gingival keratinocytes, fibroblasts or endothelial cells, and their proliferation, migration, attachment, differentiation, survival, gene expression, matrix production or capillary formation are measured. Studies of periodontal regeneration also include periodontal ligament fibroblasts or progenitors, osteoblasts or osteoprogenitors, and cementoblasts. Regeneration models measure cellular proliferation, attachment and migration, as well as gene expression, transfer and differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype and biomineralization. Only by integrating data from models on all levels (i.e. a single cell to the whole organism) can various critical aspects of periodontal wound healing/regeneration be fully evaluated.
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Aydemir Turkal H, Demirer S, Dolgun A, Keceli HG. Evaluation of the adjunctive effect of platelet-rich fibrin to enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of intrabony defects. Six-month results of a randomized, split-mouth, controlled clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:955-964. [PMID: 27396428 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to compare the results obtained with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and EMD + platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of intrabony defects (IBDs) in chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a split-mouth design, 28 paired IBDs were randomly treated either with EMD or with EMD + PRF. Clinical and radiographic measurements including clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), defect depth (DD), defect width (DW) and defect angle (DA) were recorded at baseline (BL) and at six months following therapy. RESULTS BL clinical and radiographic measurements were similar for EMD and EMD + PRF groups. Although postsurgical measurements revealed significant reduction for PD and CAL in both groups, no intergroup difference was detected. When EMD and EMD + PRF groups were compared, defect fill was not also statistically different. CONCLUSIONS Both therapies resulted in significant clinical improvement in IBD treatment. Addition of PRF did not improve the clinical and radiographic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humerya Aydemir Turkal
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serhat Demirer
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Anil Dolgun
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Gencay Keceli
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Seifi M, Arayesh A, Shamloo N, Hamedi R. Effect of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite socket preservation on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 16:514-27. [PMID: 25685742 PMCID: PMC4297490 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is considered to be
an important sequel associated with orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). OTM after Socket
preservation enhances the periodontal condition before orthodontic space closure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the histologic effects of NanoBone®, a new highly nonsintered porous nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite bone on root resorption following OTM.
Materials and Methods This experimental study was conducted on four male dogs. In
each dog, four defects were created at the mesial aspects of the maxillary and mandibular
first premolars. The defects were filled with NanoBone®. We used the NiTi closed coil for
mesial movement of the first premolar tooth. When the experimental teeth moved approximately halfway into the defects, after two months, the animals were sacrificed and we harvested the area of interest. The first premolar root and adjacent tissues were histologically
evaluated. The three-way ANOVA statistical test was used for comparison.
Results The mean root resorption in the synthetic bone substitute group was 22.87 ±
11.25×10-4mm2 in the maxilla and 21.41 ± 11.25×10-4mm2 in the mandible. Statistically,
there was no significant difference compared to the control group (p>0.05).
Conclusion The use of a substitution graft in the nano particle has some positive effects
in accessing healthy periodontal tissue following orthodontic procedures without significant influence on root resorption (RR). Histological evaluation in the present study showed
osteoblastic activity and remodeling environment of nanoparticles in NanoBone®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Seifi
- Department of Orthodontic, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Arayesh
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafise Shamloo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Hamedi
- Department of Orthodontic, Dentofacial Deformity Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Clinical evaluation of the regenerative potential of EMD and NanoHA in periodontal infrabony defects: a 2-year follow-up. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:492725. [PMID: 25276793 PMCID: PMC4172975 DOI: 10.1155/2014/492725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical efficacy of four different surgical techniques in promoting periodontal regeneration in patients with infrabony defects: open flap debridement, application of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD), nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) application, and combined nanoHA and EMD application. Probing attachment level (PAL), pocket depth (PD), and position of gingival margin at completion of therapy (REC) were measured. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from 64 healthy patients (34 women and 30 men, mean age 37,7 years). Clinical indices were measured by a calibrated examiner at baseline and at 12, 18, and 24 months. The values obtained for each treatment were compared using nonparametric tests. RESULTS All treatments resulted in a tendency toward PD reduction over time, with improvements in REC and PAL. The differences in PD, REC, and PAL values at baseline compared with values after 12, 18, and 24 months were statistically significant for all treatments. Statistically significant differences in PAL and PD were detected between nanoHA and nanoHA + EMD at 12, 18, and 24 months. CONCLUSION In this study, EMD and nanoHA used together in patients with infrabony periodontal lesions had better clinical efficacy than nanoHA alone, EMD alone, or open flap debridement.
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Sakai Y, Nemoto E, Kanaya S, Shimonishi M, Shimauchi H. Calcium Phosphate Particles Induce Interleukin-8 Expression in a Human Gingival Epithelial Cell Line via the Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1464-73. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Zhu L, Yang J, Zhang J, Peng B. A Comparative Study of BioAggregate and ProRoot MTA on Adhesion, Migration, and Attachment of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2014; 40:1118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Clinical outcomes after treatment of periodontal intrabony defects with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (Ostim) or enamel matrix derivatives (Emdogain): a randomized controlled clinical trial. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:786353. [PMID: 24689056 PMCID: PMC3932837 DOI: 10.1155/2014/786353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Periodontitis is an inflammatory process in response to dental biofilm and leads to periodontal tissue destruction. The aim of this study was the comparison of outcomes using either an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) or a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (NHA) in regenerative periodontal therapy after 6 and 12 months. Methods. Using a parallel group, prospective randomized study design, we enrolled 19 patients in each group. The primary outcome was bone fill after 12 months. Attachment gain, probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, and recession were secondary variables. Additionally, early wound healing and adverse events were assessed. Data analysis included test of noninferiority of NHA group (test) compared to EMD group (reference) in bone fill. Differences in means of secondary variables were compared by paired t-test, frequency data by exact χ2 test. Results. Both groups showed significant bone fill, reduction of PPD, increase in recession, and gain of attachment after 6 and 12 months. No significant differences between groups were found at any time point. Adverse events were comparable between both groups with a tendency of more complaints in the NHA group. Conclusion. The clinical outcomes were similar in both groups. EMD could have some advantage compared to NHA regarding patients comfort and adverse events. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00757159.
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17
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Sowmya S, Bumgardener JD, Chennazhi KP, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. Role of nanostructured biopolymers and bioceramics in enamel, dentin and periodontal tissue regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Kim JJ, Bae WJ, Kim JM, Kim JJ, Lee EJ, Kim HW, Kim EC. Mineralized polycaprolactone nanofibrous matrix for odontogenesis of human dental pulp cells. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:1069-78. [PMID: 23839784 DOI: 10.1177/0885328213495903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to fabricate mineralized polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffold and investigate its ability to elicit odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells, compared to the pure polycaprolactone scaffold. Polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffold was produced by electrospinning, and the surface was mineralized with apatite. Cellular behaviors on the mineralized polycaprolactone scaffold were assessed in terms of cell adhesion, growth, and odontoblastic differentiation. To evaluate the signal transduction of human dental pulp cells, mRNA expression was analyzed and Western blotting was performed. Mineralized polycaprolactone showed improved cell proliferation, mineralized nodule formation, and expression of odontoblastic marker genes including alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein-1, as compared with pure polycaprolactone. Although the cell adhesion on the mineralized polycaprolactone was similar to that of the polycaprolactone, the expression level of proteins including collagen type I and the key adhesion receptor (integrin components α1, α2, and β1) was upregulated in mineralized polycaprolactone compared to polycaprolactone. Especially, cells seeded onto mineralized polycaprolactone scaffolds showed significantly increased levels of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase, a marker of integrin activation, and downstream pathways, such as phosphor (p)-Akt, p-extracellular signal regulated kinase, p-c Jun N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor-kappa B, c-fos, and c-jun, compared with pure polycaprolactone. The mineralized polycaprolactone scaffold is attractive for dentin tissue engineering by promoting growth and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells through the integrin-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Jin Kim
- 1Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Effects of enamel matrix proteins in combination with a bovine-derived natural bone mineral for the repair of bone defects. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:471-8. [PMID: 23652357 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previously, the use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in combination with a natural bone mineral (NBM) was able to stimulate periodontal ligament cell and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Despite widespread use of EMD for periodontal applications, the effects of EMD on bone regeneration are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to test the ability of EMD on bone regeneration in a rat femur defect model in combination with NBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven rats were treated with either NBM or NBM + EMD and assigned to histological analysis at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Defect morphology and mineralized bone were assessed by μCT. For descriptive histology, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Safranin O staining were performed. RESULTS Significantly more newly formed trabecular bone was observed at 4 weeks around the NBM particles precoated with EMD when compared with NBM particles alone. The drilled control group, in contrast, achieved minimal bone regeneration at all three time points (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present results may suggest that EMD has the ability to enhance the speed of new bone formation when combined with NBM particles in rat osseous defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings may provide additional clinical support for the combination of EMD with bone graft for the repair of osseous and periodontal intrabony defects.
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Suto M, Nemoto E, Kanaya S, Suzuki R, Tsuchiya M, Shimauchi H. Nanohydroxyapatite increases BMP-2 expression via a p38 MAP kinase dependent pathway in periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1021-8. [PMID: 23518236 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, which play a pivotal role in periodontal regeneration. Recently, nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) has been highlighted due to its advantageous features over micro-sized materials. DESIGN AND RESULTS We investigated the effect of nano-HA on BMP-2 expression in human PDL cells. Real time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of BMP-2 increased upon stimulation with nano-HA in dose- and time-dependent manners. An immunofluorescence assay demonstrated the synthesis of BMP-2 proteins. Concentrations of Ca(2+) as well as phosphate (Pi) in culture supernatants were unchanged, suggesting that nano-HA functioned as a nanoparticle rather than as a possible source for releasing Ca(2+) and/or Pi extracellularly, which were shown to also enhance the expression of BMP-2. Nano-HA-induced BMP-2 expression was dependent on the p38 MAP kinase pathway because increases in BMP-2 expression were inhibited by treatment with SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, and phosphorylation of p38 was detected by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS This novel mechanism of nano-HA will be important for the rational design of future periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Suto
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Zhou C, Hong Y, Zhang X. Applications of nanostructured calcium phosphate in tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1012-1028. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Yan XZ, Rathe F, Gilissen C, van der Zande M, Veltman J, Junker R, Yang F, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF. The effect of enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain®) on gene expression profiles of human primary alveolar bone cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:463-72. [PMID: 22689476 DOI: 10.1002/term.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Emdogain® is frequently used in regenerative periodontal treatment. Understanding its effect on gene expression of bone cells would enable new products and pathways promoting bone formation to be established. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of Emdogain® on expression profiles of human-derived bone cells with the help of the micro-array, and subsequent validation. Bone was harvested from non-smoking patients during dental implant surgery. After outgrowth, cells were cultured until subconfluence, treated for 24 h with either Emdogain® (100 µg/ml) or control medium, and subsequently RNA was isolated and micro-array was performed. The most important genes demonstrated by micro-array data were confirmed by qPCR and ELISA tests. Emdogain tipped the balance between genes expressed for bone formation and bone resorption towards a more anabolic effect, by interaction of the PGE2 pathway and inhibition of IL-7 production. In addition the results of the present study indicate that Emdogain possibly has an effect on gene expression for extracellular matrix formation of human bone cells, in particular on bone matrix formation and on proliferation and differentiation. With the micro-array and the subsequent validation, the genes possibly involved in Emdogain action on bone cells were identified. These results can contribute to establishing new products and pathways promoting bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Yan
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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