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Cvitanović S, Zovko R, Mabić M, Jurišić S, Jelić-Knezović N, Glavina D, Goršeta K. Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with Thermo-Cured Glass-Based Materials-An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3090. [PMID: 38998172 PMCID: PMC11242671 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The results of orthodontic therapy largely depend, among other factors, on the preparation of the tooth enamel itself and the choice of material used to bond orthodontic brackets. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score of thermo-cured glass-ionomers on different pretreated enamel, in comparison with the commonly used composite cement. Three commercially available nano-ionomer or highly viscous glass-ionomer cements (EQUIA Forte® Fil, EQUIA Fil, Ketac Universal) and two types of compo-sites (Heliosit Orthodontic, ConTec Go!) were investigated in this study. The research involved two hundred human premolars. The teeth were cleaned and polished, then randomly divided into five groups according to the enamel preparation method and the type of material. The enamel was treated in three different ways: polyacrylic acid, phosphoric acid, 5% NaOCl + etching with phosphoric acid, and a control group without treatment. Glass-ionomer cement was thermo-cured with heat from a polymerization unit during setting. Statistical analysis was performed using a Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA for independent samples. Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship. Regardless of the material type, the results indicated that the weakest bond between the bracket and tooth enamel was found in samples without enamel pretreatment. The majority of the materials stayed on the brackets in samples without enamel preparation, according to ARI scores. The study's findings demonstrated that the strength of the adhesion between the bracket and enamel is greatly influenced by enamel etching and glass-ionomer thermo-curing. Clinical investigations would be required to validate the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipo Cvitanović
- Health Care Center Prozor-Rama, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ružica Zovko
- Health Care Center Mostar, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mirela Mabić
- Faculty of Economics, University of Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanja Jurišić
- Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar 88000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Domagoj Glavina
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Goršeta
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Nawrocka A, Piwonski I, Nowak J, Sauro S, García-Esparza MA, Hardan L, Lukomska-Szymanska M. The Influence of Indirect Bonding Technique on Adhesion of Orthodontic Brackets and Post-Debonding Enamel Integrity-An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7202. [PMID: 38005131 PMCID: PMC10673226 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for orthodontic treatments due to the high prevalence of malocclusion has inspired clinicians and material scientists to investigate innovative, more effective, and precise bonding methods with reduced chairside time. This study aimed at comparing the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets bonded to enamel using the indirect bonding technique (IDB). Victory Series metal brackets (Metal-OPC, Metal-APC) and Clarity™ Advanced ceramic brackets (Ceramic-OPC) (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded indirectly to extracted human premolars through the etch-and-rinse technique. A qualitative assessment of the enamel surface using microscopic methods was performed, and the amount of residual adhesive was reported as per the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Moreover, the bracket surface was evaluated with SEM-EDS. The highest SBS mean values were observed in the Ceramic-OPC group (16.33 ± 2.01 MPa), while the lowest ones were obtained with the Metal-OPC group (11.51 ± 1.40 MPa). The differences between the Metal-AOPC vs. Metal-APC groups (p = 0.0002) and the Metal-OPC vs. Ceramic-OPC groups (p = 0.0000) were statistically significant. Although the Ceramic-OPC brackets bonded indirectly to the enamel surface achieved the highest SBS, the enamel damage was significantly higher compared to that of the other groups. Thus, considering the relatively high bond SBS and favourable debonding pattern, Metal-APC brackets bonded indirectly may represent the best choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Piwonski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Nowak
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - María Angeles García-Esparza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Elche, 03204 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon;
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Ozsoy FS, Muftuoglu O, Bulut A, Torun OY, Memikoğlu UT. The Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Colloidal-Ag Used in Dental Unit Waterline on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1610-1615. [PMID: 38044762 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_716_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of the water passing through the water lines is crucial to dental procedures. Studies on bracket adhesion of hydrogen peroxide colloidal-Ag, which is widely used to prevent biofilm formation, are limited in the literature. AIM To determine whether disinfecting the dental units' waterlines (DUW) with hydrogen peroxide colloidal-Ag has any effect on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty premolar teeth were divided randomly into two groups. The study and control groups consists of 30 teeth that were etched for 30 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid. Study groups washed with hydrogen peroxide colloidal-Ag water and the control group washed with municipal water. Transbond XT adhesive system was used to bond stainless steel brackets on all the teeth. A 300-g force was applied using a tension gauge to ensure a uniform adhesive thickness and light cured with 6 seconds. The SBS was quantified by means of a universal testing machine. The residual adhesive on the enamel surface was evaluated after debonding using the adhesive remnant index (ARI). RESULTS The t-test results indicated that there were no significant differences in the SBS. The comparison of the results of ARI scores was found statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION It has been found that hydrogen peroxide colloidal-Ag, which is used to reduce the amount of biofilm in DUW, does not have a negative effect on the adhesion of the brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Muftuoglu
- Department of Orthodontics, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Bulut
- Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey
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Nawrocka A, Nowak J, Sauro S, Hardan L, Bourgi R, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Shear Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets Depending on Etching Protocol in Direct Bonding Technique. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6697. [PMID: 37895679 PMCID: PMC10608197 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Successful orthodontic therapy, apart from a proper treatment plan, depends on optimal bracket-enamel adhesion. Among numerous factors affecting adhesion, the type of bracket and preparation of the tooth's surface are crucial. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets to the enamel's surface using direct bonding. Forty extracted human premolars were divided into four groups according to the etching method (etch-and-rinse and self-etch) and bracket type. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were determined. The ceramic brackets achieved the highest SBS values both in the self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) protocols. Higher SBS values for ceramic and metallic brackets were found in the ER protocol. In all tested groups, the achieved SBS value was satisfactory to withstand orthodontic and occlusal forces. There was no significant difference in the ARI score between study groups (p = 0.71). The fracture occurred between the bracket base and adhesive material in both types of brackets, which decreased the risk of enamel damage during debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Nowak
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets-In Vitro Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020268. [PMID: 36832396 PMCID: PMC9954953 DOI: 10.3390/children10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment can be effective only with the proper adhesion strength of the bonded elements on the teeth. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of different remineralization products on the brackets (Evolve Low Profile Brackets 0.022 Roth prescription (DB Orthodontics Ltd., Silsden, England) shear bond strength (SBS)). In all, 40 teeth were investigated for this study; n = 30 demineralized (immersed in 0.1% citric acid for 30 min, twice a day, for 20 consecutive days) and n = 10 immersed only in artificial saliva. After the demineralization process, remineralization agents were applied to each group (n = 10): Group I: Elmex Sensitive professional® toothpaste (CP, Gaba GmbH, Witten, Germany) and GC MI Paste Plus® (GC, Leuven, Belgium), Group II: Elmex Sensitive professional® toothpaste (CP, Gaba GmbH, Germany) and GC Tooth Mousse® (Leuven, Belgium), Group III: Elmex Sensitive professional® toothpaste (CP, Gaba GmbH, Germany). For the teeth in control group C, Elmex Sensitive professional® toothpaste was used. SBS tests were performed by means of an advanced materials-testing machine that generated maximum load and tensile strength values. The data obtained underwent statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tuckey test) with a statistical threshold of p < 0.05. The SBS values were higher for group II (14.20 MPa) and I (10.36 MPa) and lower for group III (4.25 MPa) and C (4.11 MPa), with statistically significant differences between groups I and II when compared with groups III and C (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GC Tooth Mousse® and MI-Paste Plus® have no adverse effect on brackets SBS and are recommended to be used for enamel remineralization during orthodontic treatment.
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Bond Strength Survival of a Novel Calcium Phosphate-Enriched Orthodontic Self-Etching System after Various Ageing Protocols: An In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:3960362. [PMID: 36624858 PMCID: PMC9825208 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3960362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the orthodontic bond strength and enamel-preserving ability of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-containingself-etch system following exposure to various ageing methods. Materials and Methods Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) were incorporated into an orthodontic self-etch primer (SEP, Transbond™ plus) in three different concentrations (5%, 7%, and 9% wt) and tested versus the plain SEP (control) for shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores, and enamel damage in range-finding experiments using premolar teeth. The best-performing formulation was further exposed to the following four artificial ageing methods: initial debonding, 24 h water storage, one-month water storage, and one-month acid challenge. A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to examine the integrity of debonded enamel surfaces and calcium-phosphates (CaPs) reprecipitation. Results The best-performing formulation (7% nHAp-SEP) resulted in significantly lower SBS (p < 0.001) than the control SEP following the four artificial ageing methods. Nevertheless, it survived the ageing protocols and yielded clinically acceptable SBS with the advantages of leaving minimal adhesive residue, preserving enamel integrity and smoothness, and inducing CaP reprecipitation as confirmed by FE-SEM images. Conclusions A newly developed SEP produced adequate orthodontic bond strengths and left unblemished debonded enamel surfaces with minimal remnant adhesive and remineralisation potential, thereby suggesting simpler and safer bonding/debonding procedures.
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Garma NMH, Ibrahim AI. Development of a remineralizing calcium phosphate nanoparticle-containing self-etching system for orthodontic bonding. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1483-1497. [PMID: 36322155 PMCID: PMC10101901 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) or amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nACP) into a self-etch primer (SEP) to develop a simplified orthodontic bonding system with remineralizing and enamel preserving properties.
Materials and Methods
nHA and nACP were incorporated into a commercial SEP (Transbond™ plus) in 7% weight ratio and compared with the plain SEP as a control. Shear bond strengths (SBS), enamel damage, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were evaluated at 24 h and post 5000 thermocycling. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to inspect the distribution of the nanoparticles in the experimental SEPs and evaluate the enamel surface integrity both before bracket bonding and post bracket debonding. Phase determination and remineralizing capability of the modified SEP were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, respectively.
Results
The addition of nHA or nACP to the SEP significantly reduced the SBS, ARI, and enamel damage (p < 0.05) as compared to the control SEP; however, only nHA-SEP survived the thermocycling protocol and yielded acceptable SBS (13.38 MPa). Enamel remineralizing ability of the developed nHA-SEP was confirmed by both FESEM images and Raman phosphate map.
Conclusions
Incorporating nHA into SEP resulted in clinically acceptable bond strengths with remineralizing ability.
Clinical relevance
The newly developed nHA-SEP has unprecedented ability to simultaneously etch, prime, and remineralize the enamel in a single step leaving immaculate enamel surface with the potential of saving cost and time at the post-debonding step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor M. H. Garma
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab Al-Moadham Campus, Floor 4, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Ibrahim
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab Al-Moadham Campus, Floor 4, Baghdad, Iraq
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Palesik B, Šileikytė K, Griškevičius J, Stonkus R, Šidlauskas A, Lopatienė K. Impact of temperature changes to the adhesion strength of molar tubes: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:115. [PMID: 35395793 PMCID: PMC8994271 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main purpose of this was to determine study adhesion strength of molar tubes bonding with a composite adhesive after exposure to a sudden change in temperature (thermal cycles). Methods The study sample consisted of 40 recently extracted human first permanent molars, which were randomly divided into two groups of 20: group 1 was the experimental group (affected by thermal cycles), and group 2 was the control group. Molar tubes were bonded with a light-cure tube adhesive. The experimental group teeth were dipped 2,000 times in saline at 5 °C and at 55 °C. The control group were immersed in 37 °C saline. Molar tubes for both groups were removed with an adapted Mecmesim Multitesters 2.5—I, and the data were recorded with EMPEROR software. ANOVA was used to calculate and compare the results. Results In the experimental group of the teeth, the maximum force was obtained at 94.2 N and the lowest force was 19.69 N. In the control group of the teeth, the maximum force was obtained at 159.1 N and the lowest force was 28.1 N. In the experimental group, the mean debonding force (59.12 N) was statically significantly smaller than in the control group (79.88 N), p = 0.0345. The forces in the control group were by 1.35 times greater than those in the experimental group. Conclusions The forces of the adhesion of molar tubes to the tooth surface were reduced after exposure to a sudden change in temperature (thermal cycles). The results were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikta Palesik
- Department of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J. Lukšos - Daumanto str. 6, 50106, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Kotryna Šileikytė
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, VILNIUS TECH, J. Basanavicius Str. 28, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julius Griškevičius
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, VILNIUS TECH, J. Basanavicius Str. 28, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Stonkus
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, VILNIUS TECH, J. Basanavicius Str. 28, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Antanas Šidlauskas
- Department of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J. Lukšos - Daumanto str. 6, 50106, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Lopatienė
- Department of Orthodontics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, J. Lukšos - Daumanto str. 6, 50106, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Safe Debonding of Fixed Appliances: A Comparison of Traditional Techniques and LODI Devices on Different Bracket Types in Terms of Enamel Cracks, Site of Bond Failure, and Bracket Reusability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910267. [PMID: 34639565 PMCID: PMC8508270 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the debonding of three different bracket types by means of three popular debonding methods. A total of 180 human third molars was divided into six groups, consisting of 20 teeth each. Three bracket types were bonded to the enamel (metal brackets with an integral base and a foil mesh base, and ceramic brackets) and three methods of bracket debonding were employed (bracket removal pliers, Weingart pliers, and Lift-Off Debonding Instrument). The samples were examined with scanning electron microscopy to assess the number of enamel cracks, measure the area of adhesive remaining on the enamel, and calculate the adhesive remnant index (ARI). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the number of enamel cracks after bracket debonding. The amount of adhesive remaining on the teeth after the brackets were removed was significantly different between the groups. LODI and Weingart pliers are considered to be the safest methods of debonding brackets with an integral base, while LODI is the best tool for brackets with foil mesh. Bracket removal pliers are considered to be the preferred method for ceramic bracket debonding.
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Park S, Wang X, Wang B, Xu HHK, Zhang N, Bai Y. The long observation in vitro of prevention effect of novel self-etching orthodontic adhesive modified with 2-methacryloxyethyl phosphorylcholine in enamel demineralization. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:631-640. [PMID: 33518689 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The enamel demineralization is common in fixed orthodontics. Plaque accumulation around the bracket plays a critical role and could cause various degrees of white spot lesions (WSLs) on the surface of teeth. The 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer is a biological polymer with protein repellent and an anti-bacterial adhesion effects. In this study, the enamel shear bond strength (SBS) and protein repellent property in vitro of self-etching orthodontic adhesive with MPC were evaluated. It was found that the self-etching adhesive with 0-7.5%MPC met the orthodontic clinical requirement on the SBS values at three different points of time. The incorporation of 7.5%MPC significantly reduced the bacterial adhesion and total microorganism of the yield biofilm. Moreover, the MTT assay showed that the amount of plaque metabolism in 7.5%MPC was the lowest among the groups. To conclude, the novel protein repellent self-etching adhesive was able to inhibit biofilm formation efficiently and minimize enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- SooRo Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University.,Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Shanghai
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University.,Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
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Iglesias A, Flores T, Moyano J, Artés M, Gil FJ, Puigdollers A. In Vitro Study of Shear Bond Strength in Direct and Indirect Bonding with Three Types of Adhesive Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2644. [PMID: 32531966 PMCID: PMC7321563 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remaining index (ARI) using one conventional and two novel adhesive systems with clinical step reduction and direct and indirect bonding. A sample of 72 human premolars were divided into six groups of 12 samples. The first three groups (G1, G2, G3) were bonded with a direct technique, while the remaining groups (G4, G5, G6) were bonded by the indirect technique. Groups G1 and G4 used conventional acid-etching primer composite (XT); groups G2 and G5 used self-etching bonding (BO), and groups G3 and G6 had an acid-etching treatment followed by a self-adhesive composite (OC). All groups were exposed to thermocycling. Shear bond strength was analyzed with a universal test machine, and the ARI was examined with 4× magnification. The results showed statistically significant differences between the three adhesive systems. The highest strength values were observed in the XT group G1 (13.54 ± 4 MPa), while the lowest were shown in the BO G2 samples (5.05 ± 2 MPa). There was no significant difference between the direct or indirect bonding techniques on the three compared groups. The type of primer and bonding material significantly influenced the SBS. Values with self-etching bonding were below the minimum recommended for clinical use (5.9-7.8 MPa). There was no difference between indirect and direct bonding techniques. The lowest ARI scores (0-1) were observed in both self-etching and BO groups. Further clinical studies are needed to compare in vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Iglesias
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (T.F.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Teresa Flores
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (T.F.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Javier Moyano
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (T.F.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Montserrat Artés
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (T.F.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Francisco Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andreu Puigdollers
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (T.F.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
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12
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Ibrahim AI, Al-Hasani NR, Thompson VP, Deb S. Resistance of bonded premolars to four artificial ageing models post enamel conditioning with a novel calcium-phosphate paste. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e317-e326. [PMID: 32382380 PMCID: PMC7195685 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This in vitro study compares a novel calcium-phosphate etchant paste to conventional 37% phosphoric acid gel for bonding metal and ceramic brackets by evaluating the shear bond strength, remnant adhesive and enamel damage following water storage, acid challenge and fatigue loading.
Material and Methods Metal and ceramic brackets were bonded to 240 extracted human premolars using two enamel conditioning protocols: conventional 37% phosphoric acid (PA) gel (control), and an acidic calcium-phosphate (CaP) paste. The CaP paste was prepared from β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate powders mixed with 37% phosphoric acid solution, and the resulting phase was confirmed using FTIR. The bonded premolars were exposed to four artificial ageing models to examine the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI score), with stereomicroscopic evaluation of enamel damage.
Results Metal and ceramic control subgroups yielded significantly higher (p < 0.05) SBS (17.1-31.8 MPa) than the CaP subgroups (11.4-23.8 MPa) post all artificial ageing protocols, coupled with higher ARI scores and evidence of enamel damage. In contrast, the CaP subgroups survived all artificial ageing tests by maintaining adequate SBS for clinical performance, with the advantages of leaving unblemished enamel surface and bracket failures at the enamel-adhesive interface.
Conclusions Enamel conditioning with acidic CaP pastes attained adequate bond strengths with no or minimal adhesive residue and enamel damage, suggesting a suitable alternative to the conventional PA gel for orthodontic bonding. Key words:Enamel etching, calcium phosphate, bracket bond strength, adhesive residue, enamel damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Ibrahim
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Noor R Al-Hasani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Van P Thompson
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Shafiei F, Sardarian A, Fekrazad R, Farjood A. Comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a universal adhesive using different etching methods. Dental Press J Orthod 2019; 24:33.e1-33.e8. [PMID: 31508704 PMCID: PMC6733226 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.24.4.33.e1-8.onl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three enamel etching modes - laser-etch, self-etch and acid-etch (5, 10 and 15 s) - on bracket bonding, using a universal adhesive. Methods: Eighty-four maxillary premolars were randomly divided into seven groups (n=12) based on the etching method and the adhesive used for bracket bonding. After water storage and thermocycling, shear bond strength was measured, and adhesive remnant index scores on debonded enamel were determined. Results: There were significant differences between the seven groups regarding bond strength values (p< 0.001). The highest values were observed in universal adhesive with laser etching group, while Transbond XT with acid or laser etching, and universal adhesive used in self-etch mode demonstrated the lowest bond strength. The universal adhesive with the three different etching times presented with statistically similar results, all showing an improvement in bond strength, compared with Scotchbond universal (SBU)/SE. Conclusions: The universal adhesive evaluated in the present study demonstrated statistically similar bond strengths to conventional orthodontic adhesive in self-etch mode. The bond strength can be improved by adding an initial acid etching or laser conditioning step, although enamel damage was observed in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Shafiei
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center (Shiraz, Iran)
| | - Ahmadreza Sardarian
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Orthodontics Research Center (Shiraz, Iran)
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- AJA University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Laser research center in medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran).,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (Tehran, Iran)
| | - Amin Farjood
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Shiraz, Iran)
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Ibrahim AI, Thompson VP, Deb S. A Novel Etchant System for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9579. [PMID: 31270352 PMCID: PMC6610079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment is widely used to correct irregular teeth and/or jaw discrepancies to improve oral function and facial aesthetics. However, it is frequently associated with enamel damage that include chipping, demineralisation, and white spot formation. So far, current bonding systems that can maintain shear bond strengths (SBS) suitable for clinical performance are unable to limit enamel demineralisation, adhesive remnants and damage caused on removal of brackets after treatment. This study reports a novel "safe enamel etch" clinically viable procedure that was accomplished via application of novel etchant pastes developed with β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate powders mixed with citric acid (5 M) or phosphoric acid (37% PA) to yield BCA and BPA etchants respectively. Although enamel etched with clinically used PA gel yielded higher SBS than the BCA/BPA etchants, it exhibited greater adhesive remnants with evidence of enamel damage. In contrast, the experimental etchants resulted in unblemished enamel surfaces with zero or minimal adhesive residue and clinically acceptable SBS. Furthermore, the BPA etchant caused lower enamel decalcification with extensive calcium-phosphate precipitation. The study conclusively showed that BPA facilitated in vitro enamel adhesion without detrimental effects of the aggressive PA gel with potential for remineralisation and saving time at the post-debonding step.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Ibrahim
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - V P Thompson
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Deb
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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15
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Novel Protein-Repellent and Antibacterial Resins and Cements to Inhibit Lesions and Protect Teeth. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5602904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment is increasingly popular as people worldwide seek esthetics and better quality of life. In orthodontic treatment, complex appliances and retainers are placed in the patients’ mouths for at least one year, which often lead to biofilm plaque accumulation. This in turn increases the caries-inducing bacteria, decreases the pH of the retained plaque on an enamel surface, and causes white spot lesions (WSLs) in enamel. This article reviews the cutting-edge research on a new class of bioactive and therapeutic dental resins, cements, and adhesives that can inhibit biofilms and protect tooth structures. The novel approaches include the use of protein-repellent and anticaries polymeric dental cements containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM); multifunctional resins that can inhibit enamel demineralization; protein-repellent and self-etching adhesives to greatly reduce oral biofilm growth; and novel polymethyl methacrylate resins to suppress oral biofilms and acid production. These new materials could reduce biofilm attachment, raise local biofilm pH, and facilitate the remineralization to protect the teeth. This novel class of dental resin with dual benefits of antibacterial and protein-repellent capabilities has the potential for a wide range of dental and biomedical applications to inhibit bacterial infection and protect the tissues.
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WANG B, ZHANG N, WANG X, PARK SR, WEIR MD, OATES TW, XU HHK, BAI Y. Novel self-etch adhesive with antibacterial and protein-repellent functions to prevent enamel demineralization. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:904-911. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo WANG
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
| | - Ning ZHANG
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Xiaomeng WANG
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Soo Ro PARK
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
| | - Michael D. WEIR
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Thomas W. OATES
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School
| | - Hockin H. K. XU
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland
| | - Yuxing BAI
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University
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Shear bond strength and debonding characteristics of a new premixed self-etching with a reference total-etch adhesive. Head Face Med 2016; 12:19. [PMID: 27138595 PMCID: PMC4852429 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-016-0117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of a new premixed self-etching primer and adhesive (Tectosan, BonaDent, Germany) for orthodontic appliances in comparison to a reference total-etch system Transbond XT. Methods Bovine incisors were embedded in resin and randomly divided into two groups of 16 samples each. Brackets (Discovery, Dentaurum, Germany) were bonded in group 1 (total-etch-system, Transbond XT) and in group 2 (self-etch-system, Tectosan) with curing light for 40 s. Shear bonding strengths were measured after 24 h of storage in distilled water at 37 °C with a Zwicki 1120 testing machine (Zwick Roell, Germany). A force was applied on the bracket base at the wings in occluso-gingival direction. Then the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined. Results No statistical differences on SBS were found for both bonding agents (p = 0.63). ARI scores however differed statistically significantly (p = 0.035): in the total-etch group more adhesive remained on the teeth, whereas in the self-etch group more adhesive remained on the brackets. There were no visible enamel damages in both groups. Conclusions No differences in the shear bond strength were found between both bonding agents. In our study the self-etch-system shifted the adhesive remnant index from more adhesive on the teeth to more adhesive on the bracket - as other already published self-etch systems did - with the new benefit of not increased enamel damages. Tectosan might therefore be a promising alternative to adhesive systems.
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18
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Do bonding agents protect the bracket-periphery?—Evaluation by consecutive μCT scans and fluorescence measurements. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:159-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Elkhadem A, Orabi N. Weak evidence suggests higher risk for bracket bonding failure with self-etch primer compared to conventional acid etch over 12 months. Evid Based Dent 2013; 14:52-3. [PMID: 23792402 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Unpublished data were sought by searching ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register and Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. There were no language restrictions. STUDY SELECTION Randomised and controlled clinical trials (including split mouth) directly comparing self-etch and acid-etch primers including patients with full-arch, fixed and bonded orthodontic appliances (not banded) with follow-up periods of at least 12 months were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two authors abstracted data independently, with disagreements being resolved by a third. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess study quality. A random effects meta-analysis was undertaken. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the qualitative summary with five studies contributing to a meta-analysis. These five studies (n =3444 brackets, 1721 acid-etch, 1723 self-etch) had relatively low statistical and clinical heterogeneity. Meta-analysis demonstrated a tendency for a higher risk of failure (odds ratio 1.35; 95% CI, 0.99-1.83; P 5 0.06) with self-etch primers. The use of self-etch techniques was also associated with a small but statistically significant time saving (weighted mean difference 23.2 seconds per bracket; 95% CI, 20.7-25.8; P \0.001). There was insufficient evidence to assess the effect of bonding modality on demineralisation rates. CONCLUSIONS There is weak evidence indicating higher odds of failure with self-etch primer than acid-etch over 12 months in orthodontic patients, and there is strong evidence that a self-etch primer is likely to result in modest time savings (eight minutes for full bonding) compared with acid-etch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkhadem
- Evidence Based Dentistry Centre, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University
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