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Esfahanian V, Ejeian F, Mohebinia H, Zojaji Nejad ZS, Yazdchi M, Ebrahimi Dastgerdi M, Ebrahimi Dastgerdi M, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Cellular Behaviors of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in the Presence of Bone Grafting Biomaterials, In-Vitro Study. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010089. [PMID: 36676038 PMCID: PMC9862872 DOI: 10.3390/life13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal regeneration through the employment of bone substitutes has become a feasible strategy in animal and clinical studies. In this regard, we aimed to compare the periodontal ligament stem cell behavior in the vicinity of various bone grafting substitutes. Three types of popular bone substitutes, including allografts (Regen), xenografts (Cerabone), and alloplasts (Osteon) were studied in this experimental survey. The cellular attachment was assessed after four hours using the MTS assay and SEM imaging. In addition, cellular proliferation was investigated after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days through MTS assay. Osteogenesis was studied after 21 days of cell culture in a differentiation medium (DM+) and a normal medium (DM-), by employing real-time PCR and alizarin red staining. The highest cellular attachment was seen in the xenograft group with a significant difference in comparison to the other grafting materials. Despite the relatively low primary attachment of cells to allografts, the allograft group showed the highest total proliferation rate, while the lowest proliferation capacity was found in the alloplast group. Osteogenesis fount to be accelerated mostly by xenografts in both mediums (DM+ and DM-) after 3 weeks, while alloplasts showed the lowest osteogenesis. This study revealed that the type of bone substitutes used in regenerative treatments can affect cellular behavior and as a whole allografts and xenografts showed better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Esfahanian
- Department of Periodontic, School of Dentistry, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 8155139998, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8159358686, Iran
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (M.E.D.); Tel.: +98-31-95015680 (F.E.); Fax: +98-31-95015687 (F.E.)
| | - Hajar Mohebinia
- Department of Periodontics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 8155139998, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Zojaji Nejad
- Department of Periodontics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 8155139998, Iran
| | - Maryam Yazdchi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8159358686, Iran
| | | | - Mehrnoush Ebrahimi Dastgerdi
- Department of Periodontics, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 8155139998, Iran
- Correspondence: (F.E.); (M.E.D.); Tel.: +98-31-95015680 (F.E.); Fax: +98-31-95015687 (F.E.)
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan 8159358686, Iran
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Ramenzoni LL, Annasohn L, Miron RJ, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Combination of enamel matrix derivative and hyaluronic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response on human epithelial and bone cells. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1773-1783. [PMID: 34460002 PMCID: PMC8816768 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and hyaluronic acid (HA) and their synergistic combination on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes and osteoblasts. Material and methods Cells were challenged with LPS (1 μg/ml) and cultured in the following treatment groups with EMD (30 mg/ml) and HA (30 mg/ml): LPS, EMD, HA, EMD + HA, EMD + LPS, HA + LPS, and EMD + HA + LPS. Cell viability, inflammatory cytokine expression, and cell migration were determined using colorimetric assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and scratch wound healing assay, respectively. Results Cell viability was decreased when exposed to LPS compared to the controls. Overall, LPS treatment expressed upregulation on inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). EMD and HA reduced up to 3.0-fold the cytokine expression caused by LPS (p < 0.05). EMD and HA statistically induced higher migration in osteoblasts and keratinocytes, respectively. Migration was impaired by LPS, whereas it significantly increased after addition of EMD and HA. Conclusions EMD and HA are advantageous biomaterials that individually generate strong directional migratory keratinocyte and osteoblast response. Their combination also enhances cell viability, and anti-inflammatory and migratory abilities to promote healing specially under LPS inflammatory stimulus. Future in vivo and animal research is necessary to further characterize the effect of EMD and HA on periodontal regeneration. Clinical relevance The use of EMD in conjunction with HA resulted in a reduction of inflammation and improvement of tissue healing at wound sites. Both biomaterials combined may potentially improve the effectiveness of bone regeneration in periodontal bone defects, pointing to the potential clinical relevance of both materials in regenerative periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza L Ramenzoni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Laboratory of Applied Periodontal and Peri-Implantitis Sciences, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Annasohn
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Applied Periodontal and Peri-Implantitis Sciences, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Applied Periodontal and Peri-Implantitis Sciences, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Jung J, Park JS, Dard M, Al-Nawas B, Kwon YD. Effect of enamel matrix derivative liquid combined with synthetic bone substitute on bone regeneration in a rabbit calvarial model. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:547-554. [PMID: 32740811 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of EMD-liquid in combination with a synthetic bone substitute in a rabbit calvarial model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four 7-mm outer diameter circular slits were created in the calvaria of 10 New Zealand white rabbits, and polycarbonate cylinders were inserted into the slits. Two experimental groups were established: (1) EMD-liquid + bone substitute (Osteon III®; biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), β-TCP/HA = 40:60) and (2) saline + bone substitute (Osteon III®; BCP). The cylinders were filled with saturated graft materials and covered with polycarbonate caps. Micro-CT and histomorphometric evaluation were conducted. RESULTS In the histomorphometric analysis, new bone formation was significantly higher in the bone substitute (BS) + EMD-liquid group than in the BS only group at both 5 and 10 weeks (p < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the material area between the bone substitute and bone substitute + EMD-liquid groups at only 5 weeks (p < 0.05). The BS + EMD-liquid group demonstrated reduced material area to a greater extent. In micro-CT analysis, the BS + EMD-liquid group (27.04 ± 8.06 at 5 weeks, 28.49 ± 9.22 at 10 weeks) showed a significantly higher percentage of mineralized tissue volume at both 5 and 10 weeks (p < 0.05) than the BS only group. CONCLUSION EMD-liquid enhances new bone formation when combined with BCP bone substitute in an animal model. Moreover, the EMD-liquid + BS has significantly lesser material area than BS alone, indicating accelerated graft degradation. Further studies on types of graft materials are required to verify the effect of EMD-liquid and to optimize its regenerative potential. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study suggests that EMD-liquid may have beneficial effect on bone regeneration with synthetic bone substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Jung
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Park
- Department of Periodontology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michel Dard
- Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong-Dae Kwon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Schaller B, Zhang Y, Pippenger BE, Miron RJ. In vitro evaluation of an injectable biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) carrier system combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-9. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:293-304. [PMID: 28527192 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) has previously been characterized as the strongest osteoinductive growth factor among the BMP family. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of combining rhBMP9 with an injectable biphasic calcium phosphate (I-BCP, maxresorb inject®), since I-BCP is an easy to handle biomaterial with ideal properties for bone augmentation procedures. The adsorption potential of rhBMP9 as well as the cell behavior of bone stromal ST2 cells were investigated on cell viability, adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation for I-BCP combined with/without rhBMP9 in vitro. I-BCP demonstrated excellent adsorption/retention potential of rhBMP9 with a slow and steady release over a 10 day period by ELISA. Cell attachment at 8 hours and cell proliferation at 1, 3 and 5 days was decreased on I-BCP with/without rhBMP9 when compared to control tissue-culture plastic. While I-BCP had little influence on osteoblast differentiation, its combination with rhBMP9 significantly increased ALP activity at 7 days and mRNA levels of osteoblast differentiation markers including ALP and osteocalcin at 14 days. I-BCP served as an excellent carrier for rhBMP9 clearly demonstrating its osteoinductive potential. We therefore confirm the great potential of rhBMP9 to serve as a future regenerative growth factor for bone applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Benoit Schaller
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, FL, USA
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Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Schaller B, Zhang Y, Kandalam U, Hernandez M, Miron RJ. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)9 induces osteoblast differentiation when combined with demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBAs) or biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1883-1893. [PMID: 27771827 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 9 (rhBMP9) has been characterized as one of the most osteogenic growth factors among the 15 human BMPs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rhBMP9 in comparison to the clinically utilized rhBMP2 on in vitro cell behavior when combined with two bone graft materials including demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBAs) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The absorption and release kinetics of rhBMPs from DFDBA and BCP were investigated by ELISA. Moreover, murine bone stromal ST2 cell behavior was investigated on DFDBA or BCP seeded on (1) graft only, (2) rhBMP2 (10 ng/ml), (3) rhBMP2 (100 ng/ml), (4) rhBMP9 (10 ng/ml), and (5) rhBMP9 (100 ng/ml). The effects of rhBMPs on DFDBA and BCP were assessed for cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteoblast differentiation by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and real-time PCR for genes encoding Runx2, ALP, and bone sialoprotein (BSP). RESULTS While both BMPs were gradually released from DFDBA and BCP over time, significantly higher adsorption was observed on BCP when compared to DFDBA. Cell attachment and proliferation was higher on BCP with little influence of either rhBMP2/9. Despite rhBMPs having relatively no effect on cell attachment/proliferation, a pronounced and marked effect was observed on osteoblast differentiation for both rhBMP2/9. Interestingly, it was observed that rhBMP9 induced significantly higher ALP activity, alizarin red staining, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of ALP and BSP when compared to rhBMP2. Our results also revealed higher differentiation for rhBMP2/9 with BCP when compared to DFDBA most likely as a result of higher growth factor adsorption. CONCLUSION While both rhBMP2/9 combined with DFDBA or BCP induced osteoblast differentiation, rhBMP9 induced greater osteoblast differentiation when compared to rhBMP2. CLINICAL RELEVANCE rhBMP9 may be a recombinant growth factor with higher potential to induce new bone formation when compared to rhBMP2. Further in vivo studies are necessary to characterize its regenerative potential in various animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Benoit Schaller
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Umadevi Kandalam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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Miron RJ, Sculean A, Cochran DL, Froum S, Zucchelli G, Nemcovsky C, Donos N, Lyngstadaas SP, Deschner J, Dard M, Stavropoulos A, Zhang Y, Trombelli L, Kasaj A, Shirakata Y, Cortellini P, Tonetti M, Rasperini G, Jepsen S, Bosshardt DD. Twenty years of enamel matrix derivative: the past, the present and the future. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:668-83. [PMID: 26987551 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACGROUND On June 5th, 2015 at Europerio 8, a group of leading experts were gathered to discuss what has now been 20 years of documented evidence supporting the clinical use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Original experiments led by Lars Hammarström demonstrated that enamel matrix proteins could serve as key regenerative proteins capable of promoting periodontal regeneration including new cementum, with functionally oriented inserting new periodontal ligament fibres, and new alveolar bone formation. This pioneering work and vision by Lars Hammarström has paved the way to an enormous amount of publications related to its biological basis and clinical use. Twenty years later, it is clear that all these studies have greatly contributed to our understanding of how biologics can act as mediators for periodontal regeneration and have provided additional clinical means to support tissue regeneration of the periodontium. AIMS This review article aims to: (1) provide the biological background necessary to understand the rational for the use of EMD for periodontal regeneration, (2) present animal and human histological evidence of periodontal regeneration following EMD application, (3) provide clinically relevant indications for the use of EMD and (4) discuss future avenues of research including key early findings leading to the development of Osteogain, a new carrier system for EMD specifically developed with better protein adsorption to bone grafting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.,Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David L Cochran
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stuart Froum
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Zucchelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlos Nemcovsky
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Implantology, Dental School, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nikos Donos
- Department of Periodontology, Queen Marry University of London, London, UK
| | | | - James Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michel Dard
- New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Leonardo Trombelli
- Department of Periodotology, Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adrian Kasaj
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshinori Shirakata
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Maurizio Tonetti
- European Research Group on Periodontology (ERGOPerio), Genova, Italy
| | - Giulio Rasperini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Polyclinic, Milan, Italy
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Lim HC, Lee JS, Jung UW, Choi SH. Bone Regenerative Potential of Enamel Matrix Protein in the Circumferential Defect Around a Dental Implant. IMPLANT DENT 2016; 25:179-85. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Miron RJ, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Zhang Y, Caballé-Serrano J, Shirakata Y, Bosshardt DD, Buser D, Sculean A. Osteogain improves osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on a bovine-derived natural bone mineral. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:327-333. [PMID: 26919609 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been shown to facilitate periodontal regeneration by histologically resulting in formation of cementum, periodontal ligament and bone. Recently, a new liquid carrier system for EMD has been introduced with better physicochemical properties specifically designed for bone graft mixing (Osteogain). The aim of this study was to investigate the combination of Osteogain with a bovine-derived natural bone mineral (NBM) on osteoblast migration, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Undifferentiated mouse ST2 stromal bone marrow cells were seeded onto 1)NBM particles alone or 2)NBM + Osteogain. Samples were compared for cell migration at 8 h, cell adhesion at 4 h, cell proliferation at 1, 3 and 5 days and real-time PCR at 3 and 14 days for genes encoding runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen1alpha2 (COL1a2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN). Furthermore, alizarin red staining was utilized to investigate the mineralization at 14 days. RESULTS Osteogain significantly upregulated cell adhesion over twofold onto NBM particles and promoted cell proliferation at 3 and 5 days after seeding. Furthermore, the combination of NBM with Osteogain significantly upregulated genes encoding Runx2, ALP, COL1a2 and OCN (from 1.5- to 3-fold) and increased alizarin red staining over 3 fold at 14 days when compared to NBM particles alone. CONCLUSION Pre-coating Osteogain onto NBM bone grafting particles significantly increased cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. Future animal studies are now necessary to further investigate the regenerative potential of Osteogain in combination with a bone grafting material prior to clinical use for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jordi Caballé-Serrano
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Oral and MaxilloFacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoshinori Shirakata
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Miron RJ, Zhang Q, Sculean A, Buser D, Pippenger BE, Dard M, Shirakata Y, Chandad F, Zhang Y. Osteoinductive potential of 4 commonly employed bone grafts. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2259-2265. [PMID: 26814714 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guided bone regeneration (GBR) aims to predictably restore missing bone that has been lost due to trauma, periodontal disease or a variety of systemic conditions. Critical to this procedure is the ability of a bone grafting material to predictably serve as a 3-dimensional scaffold capable of inducing cell and bone tissue in-growth at the material surface. Although all bone grafts are osteoconductive to bone-forming osteoblasts, only a small number of commercially available bone grafts with FDA approval are osteoinductive including demineralized freeze-dried bone allographs (DFDBA) and scaffolds containing bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Recently, a class of synthetic bone grafts fabricated from biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) sintered at a low temperature have been shown to form ectopic bone formation in non-skeletal sites without the use of growth factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the osteoinductive potential of this group of synthetic BCP alloplasts with autografts, allografts and xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 4 types of bone grafting materials including autogenous bone harvested with a bone mill, DFDBA (LifeNet, USA), a xenograft derived from bovine bone mineral (NBM, BioOss, Geistlich, Switzerland) and a novel synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP, Straumman, Switzerland) were implanted into intramuscular pouches of 24 rats and analysed histologically for their ability to form ectopic bone formation around grafting particles. A semi-quantitative osteoinductive score was used to quantify the osteoinductive ability of each bone graft. RESULTS The results from the present study reveal that (1) autogenous bone resorbed rapidly in vivo, (2) the xenograft showed no potential to form ectopic bone formation and (3) both DFDBA and BCP were able to stimulate ectopic bone formation. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that these newly developed synthetic bone grafts have potential for inducing ectopic bone formation similar to DFDBA. Future clinical testing is necessary to reveal their bone-inducing properties in clinical scenarios including GBR procedures and in combination with implant dentistry. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Novel BCP scaffolds are able to induce ectopic bone formation without the use of osteoinductive growth factors such as BMP2 and thus demonstrate a large clinical possibility to further enhance bone formation for a variety of clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China. .,Faculté de Medecine Dentaire, Pavillon de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Michel Dard
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoshinori Shirakata
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fatiha Chandad
- Faculté de Medecine Dentaire, Pavillon de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Miron RJ, Shuang Y, Sculean A, Buser D, Chandad F, Zhang Y. Gene array of PDL cells exposed to Osteogain in combination with a bone grafting material. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2037-2043. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jing D, Shuang Y, Miron RJ. Enamel matrix derivative improves gingival fibroblast cell behavior cultured on titanium surfaces. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:685-95. [PMID: 26269319 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although an extensive amount of research has demonstrated the positive effects of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on soft tissue wound healing around intrabony defects, little information is available describing its effect on peri-implant soft tissues, an area that has recently gained tremendous awareness due to the increasing prevalence of peri-implantitis. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of EMD when gingival fibroblasts were cultured on titanium surface with different surface topographies. METHODS Human primary gingival fibroblasts were cultured on pickled (PT) and sand-blasted with large grit followed by acid etching (SLA) surfaces and assessed for cell adhesion at 2, 4, and 8 h, cell morphology at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h as well as cell proliferation at 1, 3, and 5 days post-seeding. Furthermore, genes encoding collagen 1a1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and fibronectin were assessed by real-time PCR. Human gingival fibroblasts were also quantified for their ability to synthesize a collagen matrix on the various titanium surfaces with and without EMD by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The results from the present study demonstrate that EMD significantly increased cell spreading at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h on PT surfaces and 4, 8, and 24 h on SLA surfaces. Furthermore, proliferation at 5 days on PT surfaces and 3 and 5 days on SLA surfaces was also increased for groups containing EMD. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that the culture of gingival fibroblasts with EMD significantly increased extracellular matrix synthesis of collagen 1 as well as improved mRNA levels of VEGF-A and fibronectin. Collagen1 immuno-fluorescent staining revealed a significantly higher area of staining for cells seeded on PT + EMD at 7 and 14 days and 14 days for SLA + EMD when compared to control samples. CONCLUSION The results from the present study favor the use of EMD for colonization of gingival fibroblasts on titanium surfaces by increasing cell growth, spreading, and synthesis of an extracellular matrix. The improvements were primarily irrespective of surface topography. Future animal and human studies are necessary to fully characterize the beneficial effects of incorporating EMD during soft tissue regeneration of implant protocols. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of EMD may speed up the quality of soft tissue integration around dental implants by facilitating gingival cell attachment, proliferation, and matrix synthesis of collagen 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Dai Jing
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shuang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard J Miron
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.,Department of Periodontology, Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
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Miron RJ, Bosshardt DD, Buser D, Zhang Y, Tugulu S, Gemperli A, Dard M, Caluseru OM, Chandad F, Sculean A. Comparison of the Capacity of Enamel Matrix Derivative Gel and Enamel Matrix Derivative in Liquid Formulation to Adsorb to Bone Grafting Materials. J Periodontol 2015; 86:578-87. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Pullisaar H, Verket A, Szoke K, Tiainen H, Haugen HJ, Brinchmann JE, Reseland JE, Østrup E. Alginate hydrogel enriched with enamel matrix derivative to target osteogenic cell differentiation in TiO2 scaffolds. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731415575870. [PMID: 26090086 PMCID: PMC4456326 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415575870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of bone tissue engineering is to employ scaffolds, cells, and growth factors to facilitate healing of bone defects. The aim of this study was to assess the viability and osteogenic differentiation of primary human osteoblasts and adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells from various donors on titanium dioxide (TiO2) scaffolds coated with an alginate hydrogel enriched with enamel matrix derivative. Cells were harvested for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on days 14 and 21, and medium was collected on days 2, 14, and 21 for protein analyses. Neither coating with alginate hydrogel nor alginate hydrogel enriched with enamel matrix derivative induced a cytotoxic response. Enamel matrix derivative–enriched alginate hydrogel significantly increased the expression of osteoblast markers COL1A1, TNFRSF11B, and BGLAP and secretion of osteopontin in human osteoblasts, whereas osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells seemed unaffected by enamel matrix derivative. The alginate hydrogel coating procedure may have potential for local delivery of enamel matrix derivative and other stimulatory factors for use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Pullisaar
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Verket
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krisztina Szoke
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Tiainen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard J Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esben Østrup
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Effect of bone graft density on in vitro cell behavior with enamel matrix derivative. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1643-51. [PMID: 25518814 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone replacement grafting materials play an important role in regenerative dentistry. Despite a large array of tested bone-grafting materials, little information is available comparing the effects of bone graft density on in vitro cell behavior. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to compare the effects of cells seeded on bone grafts at low and high density in vitro for osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The response of osteoblasts to the presence of a growth factor (enamel matrix derivative, (EMD)) in combination with low (8 mg per well) or high (100 mg per well) bone grafts (BG; natural bone mineral, Bio-Oss®) density, was studied and compared for osteoblast cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation as assessed by real-time PCR. Standard tissue culture plastic was used as a control with and without EMD. RESULTS The present study demonstrates that in vitro testing of bone-grafting materials is largely influenced by bone graft seeding density. Osteoblast adhesion was up to 50 % lower when cells were seeded on high-density BG when compared to low-density BG and control tissue culture plastic. Furthermore, proliferation was affected in a similar manner whereby cell proliferation on high-density BG (100 mg/well) was significantly increased when compared to that on low-density BG (8 mg/well). In contrast, cell differentiation was significantly increased on high-density BG as assessed by real-time PCR for markers collagen 1 (Col 1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OC) as well as alizarin red staining. The effects of EMD on osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation further demonstrated that the bone graft seeding density largely controls in vitro results. EMD significantly increased cell attachment only on high-density BG, whereas EMD was able to further stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts on control culture plastic and low-density BG when compared to high-density BG. CONCLUSION The results from the present study demonstrate that the in vitro conditions largely influence cell behavior of osteoblasts seeded on bone grafts and in vitro testing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results also illustrate the necessity for careful selection of bone graft seeding density to optimize in vitro testing and provide the clinician with a more accurate description of the osteopromotive potential of bone grafts.
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Miron RJ, Caluseru OM, Guillemette V, Zhang Y, Gemperli AC, Chandad F, Sculean A. Influence of enamel matrix derivative on cells at different maturation stages of differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71008. [PMID: 23951068 PMCID: PMC3741386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD), a porcine extract harvested from developing porcine teeth, has been shown to promote formation of new cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Despite its widespread use, an incredibly large variability among in vitro studies has been observed. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of EMD on cells at different maturation stages of osteoblast differentiation by testing 6 cell types to determine if cell phenotype plays a role in cell behaviour following treatment with EMD. Six cell types including MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts, rat calvarial osteoblasts, human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, ROS cells, MG63 cells and human alveolar osteoblasts were cultured in the presence or absence of EMD and proliferation rates were quantified by an MTS assay. Gene expression of collagen1(COL1), alkaline phosphate(ALP) and osteocalcin(OC) were investigated by real-time PCR. While EMD significantly increased cell proliferation of all cell types, its effect on osteoblast differentiation was more variable. EMD significantly up-regulated gene expression of COL1, ALP and OC in cells early in their differentiation process when compared to osteoblasts at later stages of maturation. Furthermore, the effect of cell passaging of primary human PDL cells (passage 2 to 15) was tested in response to treatment with EMD. EMD significantly increased cell proliferation and differentiation of cells at passages 2-5 however had completely lost their ability to respond to EMD by passages 10+. The results from the present study suggest that cell stimulation with EMD has a more pronounced effect on cells earlier in their differentiation process and may partially explain why treatment with EMD primarily favors regeneration of periodontal defects (where the periodontal ligament contains a higher number of undifferentiated progenitor cells) over regeneration of pure alveolar bone defects containing no periodontal ligament and a more limited number of osteoprogenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Faculté de medecine dentaire, Pavillon de médecine dentaire, rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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