1
|
Oguma H, Matsuda Y, Yoshihara K, Okuyama K, Sakurai M, Saito T, Inoue S, Yoshida Y. Prevention of Root Caries Using Oxalic Acid. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1454. [PMID: 36837083 PMCID: PMC9966124 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Certain dentin hypersensitivity treatment materials include oxalic acid to coat dentin surfaces with minerals, while certain organic acids possess a remineralization effect. Herein, an organic acid that inhibits the demineralization and coating of root surfaces was evaluated. Specimens were produced using five non-carious extracted bovines. Four different acids were used: oxalic acid (OA), malonic acid (MA), polyacrylic acid (PA), and succinic acid (SA). Each acid was applied to the root surface and washed using distilled water or a remineralization solution, and the surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the surfaces of each specimen, barring the polished surface, were covered with wax and immersed in an automatic pH cycling system for two weeks. Dentin demineralization was analyzed using transverse microradiography (TMR) before and after pH cycling. SEM analysis demonstrated that the three acid groups demineralized the dentin surface, whereas the OA group generated crystals covering the dentin surface, even in a distilled water environment. TMR analysis revealed that the OA groups showed significantly lower integrated mineral loss compared with the other groups, even in the distilled water environment. The results suggest that OA generates insoluble calcium oxalate crystals on the dentin and suppresses demineralization even under low saliva conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Oguma
- Division of General Dentistry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsuda
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshihara
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| | - Katsushi Okuyama
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sakurai
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of General Dentistry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Investigation of Changes in Saliva in Radiotherapy-Induced Head Neck Cancer Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041629. [PMID: 33572065 PMCID: PMC7914760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intact function of the salivary glands is of utmost importance for oral health. During radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumors, the salivary glands can be damaged, causing the composition of saliva to change. This leads to xerostomia, which is a primary contributor to oral mucositis. Medications used for protective or palliative treatment often show poor efficacy as radiation-induced changes in the physico-chemical properties of saliva are not well understood. To improve treatment options, this study aimed to carefully examine unstimulated whole saliva of patients receiving radiation therapy and compare it with healthy unstimulated whole saliva. To this end, the pH, osmolality, electrical conductivity, buffer capacity, the whole protein and mucin concentrations, and the viscoelastic and adhesive properties were investigated. Moreover, hyaluronic acid was examined as a potential candidate for a saliva replacement fluid. The results showed that the pH of radiation-induced saliva shifted from neutral to acidic, the osmolality increased and the viscoelastic properties changed due to a disruption of the mucin network and a change in water secretion from the salivary glands. By adopting an aqueous 0.25% hyaluronic acid formulation regarding the lost properties, similar adhesion characteristics as in healthy, unstimulated saliva could be achieved.
Collapse
|
3
|
Walther C, Kreibohm M, Paris S, Meyer-Lueckel H, Tschoppe P, Wierichs RJ. Effect of NaF, AmF, KF gels and NaF toothpaste combined with a saliva substitute on dentin lesions in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2489-2496. [PMID: 30306335 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralizing effects of NaF, AmF, KF gels and NaF toothpaste in combination with a potentially demineralizing saliva substitute (Glandosane; pH = 5.1) being widely used in Germany. METHODS In each of 120 dentin specimens, three artificial lesions were created. One lesion was covered for analysis of pre-demineralization (ΔZB). Treatments during pH cycling (3 × 1 h demineralization/day [pH = 5.0] and 3 × 3 h Glandosane/day; 12 h 100%humidity) were as follows: no treatment (NT), application (5 min,2×/day) of 12.500 ppm F- [pH = 6.04] (NaF-gel1), 12.500 ppm F- [pH = 7.34] (NaF-gel2), 12.500 ppm F- [pH = 5.82] (AmF-gel), 1450 ppm F- [pH = 7.35] (KF-gel), and 5000 ppm F- [pH = 8.14]; (NaF-TP) for 7 days (E1). Subsequently, from each specimen, one lesion was covered, while the remaining lesion was cycled for another 7 days (E2). Differences in integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZE1/ΔΔZE2) were calculated between values before and after pH cycling. RESULTS Mean (95%CI) ΔZB was 3851 (3762;3939) vol% × μm. Except for NaF-gel2 and NaF-TP, specimens of all other groups further demineralized. Only NaF-gel2 induced a significant gain in mineral content (p ≤ 0.004; paired t test). Significant differences in the change of mineral loss were found between NT and all fluoride groups for both ΔΔZE1 and for ΔΔZE2 (p < 0.05, Bonferroni post hoc test). However, only NaF-gel2 and NaF-TP induced remineralization. CONCLUSION Under the in vitro conditions chosen, all fluoride agents could significantly hamper the adverse effects of a demineralizing saliva substitute. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In combination with a demineralizing saliva substitute, slight mineral gain was only observed for neutral NaF-gel2 and 5000 ppm F- toothpaste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Walther
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manana Kreibohm
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Paris
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, CharitéCentrum 3, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Tschoppe
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, zmk bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chemokine expression of oral fibroblasts and epithelial cells in response to artificial saliva. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1035-42. [PMID: 26342602 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Artificial saliva is widely used to overcome reduced natural salivary flow. Natural saliva provokes the expression of chemokines in oral fibroblasts in vitro. However, if artificial saliva changes the expression of chemokines remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we investigated the ability of Saliva Orthana®, Aldiamed®, Glandosane®, and Saliva Natura® to change the expression of chemokines in human oral fibroblasts and the human oral epithelial cell line HSC-2 by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoassays. Mucins isolated from bovine submaxillary glands and recombinant human mucin 1 were included in the bioassay. Formazan formation and LIVE/DEAD® staining determined the impact of artificial saliva on cell viability. The involvement of signaling pathways was determined by pharmacologic inhibitors and Western blotting. RESULTS In gingival fibroblasts, Saliva Orthana®-containing mucins provoked a significantly increased expression of CXC ligand 8 (CXCL8, or interleukin 8), CXCL1, and CXCL2. Immunoassays for CXCL8 and CXCL1 confirmed the translation at the protein level. The respective dilution of artificial saliva had no impact on formazan formation and LIVE/DEAD® staining. Mucins isolated from bovine submaxillary glands also increased the panel of chemokine expression in gingival fibroblasts. BAY 11-7082, a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibitor, but also TAK-242, an inhibitor of toll-like receptor 4 signaling, blocked chemokine expression of Saliva Orthana® and bovine mucins. In HSC-2 cells, Glandosane® significantly increased CXCL8 expression. CONCLUSIONS Saliva Orthana® stimulated chemokine expression in gingival fibroblasts. Mammalian mucins, but also possible contaminations with endotoxins, might contribute to the respective changes in gene expression. Epithelial cells have a differential response to artificial saliva with Glandosane® changing CXCL8 expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Artificial saliva can incite a cellular response, if however the changing expression of chemokines by isolated fibroblasts and epithelial cells in vitro translates into a clinical condition, is not clear.
Collapse
|