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Ng E, Tay JRH, Boey SK, Laine ML, Ivanovski S, Seneviratne CJ. Antibiotic resistance in the microbiota of periodontitis patients: an update of current findings. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:329-340. [PMID: 37140235 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2197481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic antibiotics are an effective adjunct in the treatment of periodontitis, but their judicious use is necessary as antimicrobial resistance is a growing global concern. This review aims to explore the current understanding and insight related to antibiotic resistance in the subgingival microbiota of periodontitis patients. A search of MEDLINE (PubMed) was carried out from 1 January 2012 to 25 November 2021 for studies related to antibiotic resistance in periodontitis patients. Of the 90 articles identified, 12 studies were selected for inclusion. A significant incidence of antibiotic resistant isolates was reported for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella melaninogenica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tanerella forsythia, Aggretibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Parvimonas micra, but resistance to specific antibiotics did not reach above 10% of isolates in most studies except for amoxicillin resistance in Aggretibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The highest frequency of resistance across all bacterial species was for amoxicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole. However, resistance patterns were widely variable across geographical locations, and the high heterogeneity between antibiotic-resistant isolates across studies precludes any clinical recommendations from this study. Although antibiotic resistance has yet to reach critical levels in periodontitis patients, an emphasis on antibiotic stewardship interventions such as point-of-care diagnostics and education for key stakeholders is needed to curb a growing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Ng
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Rong Hao Tay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean Kuan Boey
- Discipline of Periodontics, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Dentistry, Center for Oral-facial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
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Zhang Y, Xu Z, Chu W, Zhang J, Jin W, Ye C. Tracking the source of antibiotic resistome in the stormwater network drainage in the presence of sewage illicit connections. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168989. [PMID: 38036118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater pipes are illicitly connected with sewage in many countries, which means that sewage enters stormwater pipes and the drainage is discharged to surface water without any treatment. Sewage contains more pathogens and highly risky antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) than surface runoff. Therefore, sewage may alter the microbial and ARG compositions in stormwater pipe drainage, which in turn leads to an increased risk of resistance in surface water. However, the effects of sewage on ARGs in the drainage of stormwater networks have not been systematically studied. This study characterized the microbial and ARG composition of several environmental compartments of a typical stormwater network and quantified their contributions to those in the drainage. This network transported ARGs and microorganisms from sewage, sediments in stormwater pipes, and surface runoff into the drainage and thus into the river. According to metagenomic analysis, multidrug resistance genes were most abundant in all samples and the numbers and relative abundance of ARGs in the drainage collected during wet weather were comparable to that of sewage. The results of SourceTracker showed that the relative contribution of sewage was double that of rainwater and surface runoff in the drainage during wet weather for both microorganisms and ARGs. Desulfovibrio, Azoarcus, and Sulfuritalea were connected with the greatest number of ARGs and were most abundant in the sediments of stormwater pipes. Furthermore, stochastic processes were found to dominate ARG and microbial assembly, as the effects of high hydrodynamic intensity outweighed the effects of environmental filtration and species interactions. The findings of this study can increase our understanding of ARGs in stormwater pipe drainage, a crucial medium linking ARGs in sewage to environmental ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zuxin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wenhai Chu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Antezack A, Etchecopar-Etchart D, La Scola B, Monnet-Corti V. New putative periodontopathogens and periodontal health-associated species: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:893-906. [PMID: 37572051 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the existence of any association between new putative periodontal pathogens and periodontitis. Two independent reviewers conducted electronic literature searches in the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, DOSS and Google Scholar databases as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies prior to November 2022. Studies comparing the prevalence of microorganisms other than the already-known periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque and/or saliva samples between subjects with periodontitis and subject with periodontal health were included. Meta-analyses were performed on data provided by the included studies. Fifty studies including a total of 2739 periodontitis subjects and 1747 subjects with periodontal health were included. The Archaea domain and 25 bacterial species (Anaeroglobus geminatus, Bacteroidales [G-2] bacterium HMT 274, Desulfobulbus sp. HMT 041, Dialister invisus, Dialister pneumosintes, Eubacterium brachy, Enterococcus faecalis, Eubacterium nodatum, Eubacterium saphenum, Filifactor alocis, Fretibacterium sp. HMT 360, Fretibacterium sp. HMT 362, Mogibacterium timidum, Peptoniphilaceae sp. HMT 113, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Slackia exigua, Streptococcus gordonii, Selenomonas sputigena, Treponema amylovorum, Treponema lecithinolyticum, Treponema maltophilum, Treponema medium, Treponema parvum and Treponema socranskii) were found to be statistically significantly associated with periodontitis. Network studies should be conducted to investigate the role of these newly identified periodontitis-associated microorganisms through interspecies interaction and host-microbe crosstalk analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Antezack
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, Hôpital Timone, Pôle Odontologie, Service de Parodontologie, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Etchecopar-Etchart
- EA 3279: CEREeSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Département de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Marseille, France
- FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Monnet-Corti
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, Hôpital Timone, Pôle Odontologie, Service de Parodontologie, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Anderson AC, von Ohle C, Frese C, Boutin S, Bridson C, Schoilew K, Peikert SA, Hellwig E, Pelz K, Wittmer A, Wolff D, Al-Ahmad A. The oral microbiota is a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance: resistome and phenotypic resistance characteristics of oral biofilm in health, caries, and periodontitis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 37179329 PMCID: PMC10183135 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ever-growing threat to modern medicine and, according to the latest reports, it causes nearly twice as many deaths globally as AIDS or malaria. Elucidating reservoirs and dissemination routes of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are essential in fighting AMR. Human commensals represent an important reservoir, which is underexplored for the oral microbiota. Here, we set out to investigate the resistome and phenotypic resistance of oral biofilm microbiota from 179 orally healthy (H), caries active (C), and periodontally diseased (P) individuals (TRN: DRKS00013119, Registration date: 22.10.2022). The samples were analysed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing combined, for the first time, with culture technique. A selection of 997 isolates was tested for resistance to relevant antibiotics. RESULTS The shotgun metagenomics sequencing resulted in 2,069,295,923 reads classified into 4856 species-level OTUs. PERMANOVA analysis of beta-diversity revealed significant differences between the groups regarding their microbiota composition and their ARG profile. The samples were clustered into three ecotypes based on their microbial composition. The bacterial composition of H and C samples greatly overlapped and was based on ecotypes 1 and 2 whereas ecotype 3 was only detected in periodontitis. We found 64 ARGs conveying resistance to 36 antibiotics, particularly to tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and beta-lactam antibiotics, and a correspondingly high prevalence of phenotypic resistance. Based on the microbiota composition, these ARGs cluster in different resistotypes, and a higher prevalence is found in healthy and caries active than in periodontally diseased individuals. There was a significant association between the resistotypes and the ecotypes. Although numerous associations were found between specific antibiotic resistance and bacterial taxa, only a few taxa showed matching associations with both genotypic and phenotypic analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the importance of the oral microbiota from different niches within the oral cavity as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the present study showed the need for using more than one method to reveal antibiotic resistance within the total oral biofilm, as a clear mismatch between the shotgun metagenomics method and the phenotypic resistance characterization was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Anderson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C von Ohle
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Frese
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Bridson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Schoilew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A Peikert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Pelz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Wittmer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Wolff
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Hu J, Chen Q, Zhong S, Liu Y, Gao Q, Graham EB, Chen H, Sun W. Insight into co-hosts of nitrate reduction genes and antibiotic resistance genes in an urban river of the qinghai-tibet plateau. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119189. [PMID: 36215840 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial co-hosts of nitrate reduction genes (NRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recently reported, but their ecology and biochemical role in urban waterways remain largely unknown. Here, we collected 29 surface water and 29 sediment samples in the Huangshui River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the wet and dry season, and 11 water samples from wastewater treatment plants and wetlands along the river. Using metagenomic sequencing, we retrieved 278 medium-to-high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of NRG-ARG co-hosts, mainly belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. Of microorganisms carrying ARGs, a high proportion (75.3%‒94.9%) also encoded NRGs, supporting nitrate reducing bacteria as dominant hosts of ARGs. Seasonal changes in antibiotic levels corresponded to significant variation in the relative abundance of NRG-ARG co-host in both water and sediments, resulting in a concomitant change in antibiotic resistance pathways. In contrast, the contribution of NRG-ARG co-hosts to nitrate reduction was stable between seasons. We identify specific antibiotics (e.g., sulphonamides) and microbial taxa (e.g., Acinetobacter and Hafnia) that may disproportionately impact these relationships to serve as a basis for laboratory investigations into bioremediation strategies. Our study suggests that highly abundant nitrate reducing microorganisms in contaminated environments may also directly impact human health as carriers of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Hu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Sining Zhong
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Resources and Environment, Fuzhou 350002, PR.China
| | - Yaping Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, PR.China
| | - Emily B Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States; Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina 29634, United States.
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, China
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Abe FC, Kodaira K, Motta CDCB, Barberato-Filho S, Silva MT, Guimarães CC, Martins CC, Lopes LC. Antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms present in periodontal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961986. [PMID: 36262326 PMCID: PMC9574196 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms present in periodontal diseases.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The MEDLINE (PubMed/Ovid), EMBASE, BVS, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched from January 2011 to December 2021 for observational studies which evaluated the antimicrobial resistance in periodontal diseases in permanent dentition. Studies that allowed the antimicrobial consumption until the time of sample collection, studies that used laboratory acquired strains, studies that only characterized the microbial strain present, assessment of cellular morphological changes, sequencing system validation, and time series were excluded. Six reviewers, working in pairs and independently, selected titles, abstracts, and full texts extracting data from all studies that met the eligibility criteria: characteristics of patients, diagnosis of infection, microbial species assessed, antimicrobial assessed, identification of resistance genes, and virulence factors. “The Joanna Briggs Institute” critical appraisal for case series was adapted to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.ResultsTwenty-four studies (N = 2.039 patients) were included. Prevotella and Porphyromonas species were the most cited microorganisms in the included studies, and the virulence factors were related to Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial reported with the highest frequency of resistance in the included studies was ampicillin (39.5%) and ciprofloxacin showed the lowest frequency of resistance (3.4%). The most cited genes were related to macrolides. The quality of the included studies was considered critically low.ConclusionNo evidence was found regarding the profile of antimicrobial resistance in periodontal diseases, requiring further research that should focus on regional population studies to address this issue in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance.Clinical relevanceThe knowledge about the present microorganism in periodontal diseases and their respective antimicrobial resistance profiles should guide dentists in prescribing complementary therapy for these infections.Systematic review registration[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000013158], identifier [CRD42018077810].
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Casale Abe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Katia Kodaira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciane Cruz Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Luciane Cruz Lopes,
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Abdulkareem A, Abdulbaqi H, Gul S, Milward M, Chasib N, Alhashimi R. Classic vs. Novel Antibacterial Approaches for Eradicating Dental Biofilm as Adjunct to Periodontal Debridement: An Evidence-Based Overview. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010009. [PMID: 35052887 PMCID: PMC8773342 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that affects tooth-supporting soft/hard tissues of the dentition. The dental plaque biofilm is considered as a primary etiological factor in susceptible patients; however, other factors contribute to progression, such as diabetes and smoking. Current management utilizes mechanical biofilm removal as the gold standard of treatment. Antibacterial agents might be indicated in certain conditions as an adjunct to this mechanical approach. However, in view of the growing concern about bacterial resistance, alternative approaches have been investigated. Currently, a range of antimicrobial agents and protocols have been used in clinical management, but these remain largely non-validated. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive antibiotic use in periodontal management and to compare them to recently suggested alternatives. Evidence from in vitro, observational and clinical trial studies suggests efficacy in the use of adjunctive antimicrobials in patients with grade C periodontitis of young age or where the associated risk factors are inconsistent with the amount of bone loss present. Meanwhile, alternative approaches such as photodynamic therapy, bacteriophage therapy and probiotics showed limited supportive evidence, and more studies are warranted to validate their efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdulkareem
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Medical City of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq; (H.A.); (N.C.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hayder Abdulbaqi
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Medical City of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq; (H.A.); (N.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Sarhang Gul
- College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 40062, Iraq;
| | - Mike Milward
- College of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK;
| | - Nibras Chasib
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Medical City of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq; (H.A.); (N.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Raghad Alhashimi
- College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Medical City of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq; (H.A.); (N.C.); (R.A.)
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Rajendra Santosh AB, Jones T. Tropical Oral Disease: Analysing Barriers, Burden, Nutrition, Economic Impact, and Inequalities. Front Nutr 2021; 8:729234. [PMID: 34881277 PMCID: PMC8647765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.729234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, a healthy mouth is a good indicator of good general health. Poor oral hygiene reflects the health of the oral cavity and is a risk factor for overall health. Although oral diseases like dental decay and periodontitis are prevalent, awareness of oral diseases is still limited. Oral disorders include a wide range of diseases that may not be confined to the oral anatomical structures but may be manifestations of systemic diseases. Identification of the risk factors of dental and oral diseases, including socio-economic determinants, plays a major role in the type of oral health care, and in the promotion of dental health awareness. This article reviews oral diseases in the Caribbean and aims to raise awareness of this subject while suggesting a research agenda for the region.
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Sun X, Zhang B, Xu G, Chen J, Shang Y, Lin Z, Yu Z, Zheng J, Bai B. In Vitro Activity of the Novel Tetracyclines, Tigecycline, Eravacycline, and Omadacycline, Against Moraxella catarrhalis. Ann Lab Med 2021; 41:293-301. [PMID: 33303714 PMCID: PMC7748099 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2021.41.3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are recently developed tetracyclines. Susceptibility of microbes to these tetracyclines and their molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. We investigated the susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis to tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline and its resistance mechanisms against these tetracyclines. Methods A total of 207 non-duplicate M. catarrhalis isolates were collected from different inpatients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tetracyclines were determined by broth microdilution. Tigecycline-, eravacycline-, or omadacycline-resistant isolates were induced under in vitro pressure. The tet genes and mutations in the 16S rRNA was detected by PCR and sequencing. Results Eravacycline had a lower MIC50 (0.06 mg/L) than tigecycline (0.125 mg/L) or omadacycline (0.125 mg/L) against M. catarrhalis isolates. We found that 136 isolates (65.7%) had the tetB gene, and 15 (7.2%) isolates were positive for tetL; however, their presence was not correlated with high tigecycline, eravacycline, or omadacycline (≥1 mg/L) MICs. Compared with the initial MIC after 160 days of induction, the MICs of tigecycline or eravacycline against three M. catarrhalis isolates increased ≥eight-fold, while those of omadacycline against two M. catarrhalis isolates increased 64-fold. Mutations in the 16S rRNA genes (C1036T and/or G460A) were observed in omadacycline-induced resistant isolates, and increased RR (the genes encoding 16SrRNA (four copies, RR1-RR4) copy number of 16S rRNA genes with mutations was associated with increased resistance to omadacycline. Conclusions Tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline exhibited robust antimicrobial effects against M. catarrhalis. Mutations in the 16S rRNA genes contributed to omadacycline resistance in M. catarrhalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen University of School Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen University of School Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangjian Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen University of School Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junwen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen University of School Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongpeng Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen University of School Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen University of School Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen University of School Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen University of School Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen University of School Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Jepsen K, Falk W, Brune F, Fimmers R, Jepsen S, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility trends of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota of German periodontitis patients: A retrospective surveillance study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1216-1227. [PMID: 33934384 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective surveillance study aimed to follow periodontitis-associated bacterial profiles and to identify time-dependent changes in antibiotic susceptibility patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2008 to 2015, bacterial specimen from deep periodontal pockets were collected from a total of 7804 German adults diagnosed with periodontitis. Presence of selected bacteria was confirmed by anaerobic culture and nucleic acid amplification. Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates was tested by disc diffusion with antibiotics used for the treatment of periodontitis and oral infections. The prevalences of periodontal pathogens were calculated and temporal evolution of antimicrobial susceptibility towards amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, metronidazole, doxycycline, clindamycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin was analysed with logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of patients harbouring bacteria was 95.9% Fusobacterium nucleatum, 88.0% Tannerella forsythia, 76.4% Treponema denticola, 76.5%, Campylobacter rectus, 76.0% Eikenella corrodens, 75.0% Capnocytophaga spp., 68.2% Porphyromonas gingivalis, 57.7% Peptostreptococcus micros, 43.1% Prevotella intermedia, 30.4% Eubacterium nodatum and 21.5% Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In 63.5% of patients, one or more isolates were not susceptible to at least one of the antibiotics tested. The data further revealed a trend towards decreasing susceptibility profiles (p < 0.05) with antibiotic non-susceptibilities in 37% of patients in 2008 and in 70% in 2015. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirmed a high prevalence of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota of German periodontitis patients. The data revealed an incremental increase in isolates displaying resistance to some antibiotics but no relevant change in susceptibility to amoxicillin and metronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Falk
- Center for Oral & Dental Microbiology, Service Laboratory, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friederike Brune
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Collins JR, Veras K, Hernández M, Hou W, Hong H, Romanos GE. Anti-inflammatory effect of salt water and chlorhexidine 0.12% mouthrinse after periodontal surgery: a randomized prospective clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4349-4357. [PMID: 33389135 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory efficacy of sodium chloride- and a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinses in patients undergoing minimal invasive periodontal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients with a diagnosis of periodontitis and indication for access flap procedure were randomly selected. Group A: a sodium chloride (salt)water-based mouth rinse (test group) or group B: a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse (control group) administered after surgery. Gingival Index (GI) were evaluated in the whole mouth and in the surgical site at baseline (T1), a week later (T2), and 12 weeks (T3) after the treatment. Total MMP activity was measured in GCF using a commercial kit and plate reader. Medians of total MMP activity and GI were compared for time intervals T1 vs. T2, T1 vs. T3, and T2 vs T3 using Friedman tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and were also compared between test and control using Mann-WhitneyU tests at each timepoint. RESULTS The average GI values showed significant differences between baseline and T2 (p = 0.0005) and baseline and T3 (p = 0.003) in the test group. CONCLUSION The sodium chloride-mouth rinse use after periodontal surgery seems to have similar anti-inflammatory properties as CHX mouth rinse and can be used regularly postoperatively after periodontal surgical procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of salt water mouthwash showed an anti-inflammatory effect similar to CHX 0.12% after minimal invasive periodontal surgery. Salt water mouthwash is accessible to the world population and can contribute on the healing process after periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rudolph Collins
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
| | - Kenia Veras
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Houlin Hong
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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12
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Arredondo A, Blanc V, Mor C, Nart J, León R. Tetracycline and multidrug resistance in the oral microbiota: differences between healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis in Spain. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 13:1847431. [PMID: 33391624 PMCID: PMC7717685 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1847431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is widely found even among bacterial populations not having been exposed to selective pressure by antibiotics, such as tetracycline. In this study we analyzed the tetracycline-resistant subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects and of patients with periodontitis, comparing the prevalence of tet genes and their multidrug resistance profiles. Methods: Samples from 259 volunteers were analyzed, obtaining 813 tetracycline-resistant isolates. The prevalence of 12 antibiotic resistance genes was assessed, and multidrug profiles were built. Each isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Differences in qualitative data and quantitative data were evaluated using the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney-U test, respectively. Results: tet(M) was the most frequently detected tet gene (52.03%). We observed significant differences between the prevalence of tet(M), tet(W), tet(O), tet(32) and tet(L) in both populations studied. Multidrug resistance was largely observed, with resistance to kanamycin being the most detected (83.64%). There were significant differences between the populations in the prevalence of kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime resistance. Resistant isolates showed significantly different prevalence between the two studied groups. Conclusion: The high prevalence of multidrug resistance and tetracycline resistance genes found in the subgingival microbiota, highlights the importance of performing wider and more in-depth analysis of antibiotic resistance in the oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Arredondo
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain.,Departament De Genètica I Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vanessa Blanc
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carolina Mor
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional De Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén León
- Department of Microbiology, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
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13
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Bravo-Lopez M, Villa-Islas V, Rocha Arriaga C, Villaseñor-Altamirano AB, Guzmán-Solís A, Sandoval-Velasco M, Wesp JK, Alcantara K, López-Corral A, Gómez-Valdés J, Mejía E, Herrera A, Meraz-Moreno A, Moreno-Cabrera MDLL, Moreno-Estrada A, Nieves-Colón MA, Olvera J, Pérez-Pérez J, Iversen KH, Rasmussen S, Sandoval K, Zepeda G, Ávila-Arcos MC. Paleogenomic insights into the red complex bacteria Tannerella forsythia in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial individuals from Mexico. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190580. [PMID: 33012233 PMCID: PMC7702795 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'red complex' is an aggregate of three oral bacteria (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) responsible for severe clinical manifestation of periodontal disease. Here, we report the first direct evidence of ancient T.forsythia DNA in dentin and dental calculus samples from archaeological skeletal remains that span from the Pre-Hispanic to the Colonial period in Mexico. We recovered twelve partial ancient T. forsythia genomes and observed a distinct phylogenetic placement of samples, suggesting that the strains present in Pre-Hispanic individuals likely arrived with the first human migrations to the Americas and that new strains were introduced with the arrival of European and African populations in the sixteenth century. We also identified instances of the differential presence of genes between periods in the T. forsythia ancient genomes, with certain genes present in Pre-Hispanic individuals and absent in Colonial individuals, and vice versa. This study highlights the potential for studying ancient T. forsythia genomes to unveil past social interactions through analysis of disease transmission. Our results illustrate the long-standing relationship between this oral pathogen and its human host, while also unveiling key evidence to understand its evolutionary history in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Mexico. This article is part of the theme issue 'Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bravo-Lopez
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Villa-Islas
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rocha Arriaga
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Ana B. Villaseñor-Altamirano
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Axel Guzmán-Solís
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Marcela Sandoval-Velasco
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Julie K. Wesp
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Keitlyn Alcantara
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Aurelio López-Corral
- Department of Archeology, National Institute of Anthropology and History, Tlaxcala, 90000, Mexico
| | | | - Elizabeth Mejía
- National Institute of Anthropology and History, Querétaro, 76000, Mexico
| | - Alberto Herrera
- National Institute of Anthropology and History, Querétaro, 76000, Mexico
| | | | | | - Andrés Moreno-Estrada
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, Unit of Advanced Genomics (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - Maria A. Nieves-Colón
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, Unit of Advanced Genomics (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Joel Olvera
- Graduate Program of Physical Anthropology, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14030, Mexico
| | - Julia Pérez-Pérez
- National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City, 14030, Mexico
| | - Katrine Højholt Iversen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Karla Sandoval
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, Unit of Advanced Genomics (LANGEBIO), CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Zepeda
- National Institute of Anthropology and History, Guanajuato, 36250, Mexico
| | - María C. Ávila-Arcos
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
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14
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Farina R, Severi M, Carrieri A, Miotto E, Sabbioni S, Trombelli L, Scapoli C. Whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing of the subgingival microbiome of diabetics and non-diabetics with different periodontal conditions. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:13-23. [PMID: 31153098 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to use high-resolution whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing to characterize the subgingival microbiome of patients with/without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and with/without periodontitis. DESIGN Twelve subjects, falling into one of the four study groups based on the presence/absence of poorly controlled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and moderate-severe periodontitis, were selected. For each eligible subject, subgingival plaque samples were collected at 4 sites, all representative of the periodontal condition of the individual (i.e., non-bleeding sulci in subjects without a history of periodontitis, bleeding pockets in patients with moderate-severe periodontitis). The subgingival microbiome was evaluated using high-resolution whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing. RESULTS The results showed that: (i) the presence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or periodontitis were associated with a tendency of the subgingival microbiome to decrease in richness and diversity; (ii) the presence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was not associated with significant differences in the relative abundance of one or more species in patients either with or without periodontitis; (iii) the presence of periodontitis was associated with a significantly higher relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae bacterium oral taxon 439 in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. CONCLUSIONS Whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing of the subgingival microbiome was extremely effective in the detection of low-abundant taxon. Our results point out a significantly higher relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae bacterium oral taxon 439 in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis vs patients without history of periodontitis, which was maintained when the comparison was restricted to type 2 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy; Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mattia Severi
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Carrieri
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology - Section of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Miotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology - Section of Pathology and Applied Microbiology,University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology - Section of Pathology and Applied Microbiology,University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy; Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology - Section of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Jiang S, Zeng J, Zhou X, Li Y. Drug Resistance and Gene Transfer Mechanisms in Respiratory/Oral Bacteria. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1092-1099. [PMID: 29928825 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518782659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests the existence of new antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed that quorum-quenching enzymes, such as MacQ, are involved in both antibiotic resistance and cell-cell communication. Furthermore, some small bacterial regulatory RNAs, classified into RNA attenuators and small RNAs, modulate the expression of resistance genes. For example, small RNA sprX, can shape bacterial resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics via specific downregulation of protein SpoVG. Moreover, some bacterial lipocalins capture antibiotics in the extracellular space, contributing to severe multidrug resistance. But this defense mechanism may be influenced by Agr-regulated toxins and liposoluble vitamins. Outer membrane porin proteins and efflux pumps can influence intracellular concentrations of antibiotics. Alterations in target enzymes or antibiotics prevent binding to targets, which act to confer high levels of resistance in respiratory/oral bacteria. As described recently, horizontal gene transfer, including conjugation, transduction and transformation, is common in respiratory/oral microflora. Many conjugative transposons and plasmids discovered to date encode antibiotic resistance proteins and can be transferred from donor bacteria to transient recipient bacteria. New classes of mobile genetic elements are also being identified. For example, nucleic acids that circulate in the bloodstream (circulating nucleic acids) can integrate into the host cell genome by up-regulation of DNA damage and repair pathways. With multidrug resistant bacteria on the rise, new drugs have been developed to combate bacterial antibiotic resistance, such as innate defense regulators, reactive oxygen species and microbial volatile compounds. This review summaries various aspects and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in the respiratory/oral microbiota. A better understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate minimization of the emergence of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Zeng
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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High diversity and abundance of cultivable tetracycline-resistant bacteria in soil following pig manure application. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1489. [PMID: 29367695 PMCID: PMC5784163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By performing a microcosm experiment mimicking fertilization, we assessed the dynamic distribution of tetracycline-resistant bacteria (TRB) and corresponding tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) from pig manure (PM) to the fertilized soil, by culture-dependent methods and PCR detection. Cultivable TRB were most abundant in PM, followed by fertilized soil and unfertilized soil. By restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, TRB were assigned to 29, 20, and 153 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in PM, unfertilized soil, and fertilized soil, respectively. After identification, they were further grouped into 19, 12, and 62 species, showing an enhanced diversity of cultivable TRB in the soil following PM application. The proportions of potentially pathogenic TRB in fertilized soil decreased by 69.35% and 41.92% compared with PM and unfertilized soil. Bacillus cereus was likely widely distributed TRB under various environments, and Rhodococcus erythropolis and Acinetobacter sp. probably spread from PM to the soil via fertilization. Meanwhile, tetL was the most common efflux pump gene in both unfertilized and fertilized soils relative to PM; tetB(P) and tet36 were common in PM, whereas tetO was predominant in unfertilized and fertilized soil samples. Sequencing indicated that over 65% of randomly selected TRB in fertilized soil with acquired resistance derived from PM.
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17
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Arduino PG, Romano F, Sasia D, Broccoletti R, Ricceri F, Barbui AM, Brossa S, Cipriani R, Cricenti L, Cabras M, Aimetti M. Subgingival Microbiota in White Patients With Desquamative Gingivitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Periodontol 2017; 88:643-650. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo G. Arduino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Center for Interdepartmental Research – Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Center for Interdepartmental Research – Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Danilo Sasia
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Center for Interdepartmental Research – Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Broccoletti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Center for Interdepartmental Research – Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service Azienda Sanitaria Locale Torino 3, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Barbui
- Division of Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliero University, Città della Salute e della Scienza – Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Brossa
- Division of Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliero University, Città della Salute e della Scienza – Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cipriani
- Division of Microbiology and Virology, Azienda Ospedaliero University, Città della Salute e della Scienza – Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Cricenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Center for Interdepartmental Research – Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Cabras
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Center for Interdepartmental Research – Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Center for Interdepartmental Research – Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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18
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Hunter MC, Pozhitkov AE, Noble PA. Microbial signatures of oral dysbiosis, periodontitis and edentulism revealed by Gene Meter methodology. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 131:85-101. [PMID: 27717873 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conceptual models suggest that certain microorganisms (e.g., the "red" complex) are indicative of a specific disease state (e.g., periodontitis); however, recent studies have questioned the validity of these models. Here, the abundances of 500+ microbial species were determined in 16 patients with clinical signs of one of the following oral conditions: periodontitis, established caries, edentulism, and oral health. Our goal was to determine if the abundances of certain microorganisms reflect dysbiosis or a specific clinical condition that could be used as a 'signature' for dental research. Microbial abundances were determined by the analysis of 138,718 calibrated probes using Gene Meter methodology. Each 16S rRNA gene was targeted by an average of 194 unique probes (n=25nt). The calibration involved diluting pooled gene target samples, hybridizing each dilution to a DNA microarray, and fitting the probe intensities to adsorption models. The fit of the model to the experimental data was used to assess individual and aggregate probe behavior; good fits (R2>0.90) were retained for back-calculating microbial abundances from patient samples. The abundance of a gene was determined from the median of all calibrated individual probes or from the calibrated abundance of all aggregated probes. With the exception of genes with low abundances (<2 arbitrary units), the abundances determined by the different calibrations were highly correlated (r~1.0). Seventeen genera were classified as 'signatures of dysbiosis' because they had significantly higher abundances in patients with periodontitis and edentulism when contrasted with health. Similarly, 13 genera were classified as 'signatures of periodontitis', and 14 genera were classified as 'signatures of edentulism'. The signatures could be used, individually or in combination, to assess the clinical status of a patient (e.g., evaluating treatments such as antibiotic therapies). Comparisons of the same patient samples revealed high false negatives (45%) for next-generation-sequencing results and low false positives (7%) for Gene Meter results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colby Hunter
- Program in Microbiology, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36101, United States.
| | - Alex E Pozhitkov
- Department of Oral Health, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Peter A Noble
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Box 3574444, Seattle, WA, United States.
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19
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Blanc V, O'Valle F, Pozo E, Puertas A, León R, Mesa F. Oral bacteria in placental tissues: increased molecular detection in pregnant periodontitis patients. Oral Dis 2015; 21:905-12. [PMID: 26259070 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify the DNA of oral bacteria in placental samples from women with and without periodontitis who had or had not had preterm births and/or low birthweight (PB/LBW) neonates. METHODS Data were gathered from 57 puerperal women in relation to socio-demographic, gynaecological, and periodontal variables and to placental histomorphology. Fifty-seven biopsies, 28 from mothers with periodontitis, were taken aseptically from preterm placentas (n = 36) and from full-term placentas (n = 21). Total DNA was extracted, and the presence of 15 oral bacteria was assessed using Nested-PCR. RESULTS The placentas from women with periodontitis showed a higher prevalence of periodontopathogens compared to those from women without periodontitis (P = 0.009). Samples showed low prevalences of Actinomyces israelii, Parvimonas micra and Tannerella forsythia. An association was found between Eikenella corrodens in placenta and periodontitis (P = 0.002). The most ubiquitous bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, was more prevalent in mothers with periodontitis and PB/LBW (P = 0.033). Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were not detected. CONCLUSIONS These results, along with previous findings, show that oral bacteria may be normally present in the placenta, however, the levels of certain oral pathogens in the placenta would highly depend on the mother's periodontal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Blanc
- Microbiology Laboratory, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F O'Valle
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - E Pozo
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Puertas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - R León
- Microbiology Laboratory, Dentaid Research Center, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mesa
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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