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Velázquez-Moreno S, González-Amaro AM, Aragón-Piña A, López-López LI, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Pérez-Díaz MA, Oliva Rodríguez R, Lorenzo-Leal AC, González-Ortega O, Martinez-Gutierrez F, Bach H. Use of a Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei as an Adjuvant for Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Disruption in Combination with Antibiotics as an Alternative Treatment in Secondary Endodontic Infection. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031010. [PMID: 36986869 PMCID: PMC10059093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammation leading to the injury and destruction of periradicular tissues. It is a sequence of events that starts from root canal infection, endodontic treatment, caries, or other dental interventions. Enterococcus faecalis is a ubiquitous oral pathogen that is challenging to eradicate because of biofilm formation during tooth infection. This study evaluated a hydrolase (CEL) from the fungus Trichoderma reesei combined with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid as a treatment against a clinical E. faecalis strain. Electron microscopy was used to visualize the structure modification of the extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms were developed on human dental apices using standardized bioreactors to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of the treatment. Calcein and ethidium homodimer assays were used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity in human fibroblasts. In contrast, the human-derived monocytic cell line (THP-1) was used to evaluate the immunological response of CEL. In addition, the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were measured by ELISA. The results demonstrated that CEL did not induce the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α when compared with lipopolysaccharide used as a positive control. Furthermore, the treatment combining CEL with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid showed excellent antibiofilm activity, with a 91.4% reduction in CFU on apical biofilms and a 97.6% reduction in the microcolonies. The results of this study could be used to develop a treatment to help eradicate persistent E. faecalis in apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Velázquez-Moreno
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
| | - Ana Maria González-Amaro
- Endodontics Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
| | - Antonio Aragón-Piña
- Electronic Microscopy Laboratory, Institute of Metallurgy, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
| | - Lluvia Itzel López-López
- Institute of Desert Zones, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
| | | | - Mario Alberto Pérez-Díaz
- National Institute of Rehabilitation, Mexico City 14389, Mexico
- Biomembranes Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Oliva Rodríguez
- Endodontics Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
| | - Ana C Lorenzo-Leal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- Bioseparations Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
- Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
| | - Fidel Martinez-Gutierrez
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
- Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Antimicrobianos Biopelículas y Microbiota, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Chung SH, Park YS. Local drug delivery in endodontics: A literature review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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