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Imazato S, Nakatsuka T, Kitagawa H, Sasaki JI, Yamaguchi S, Ito S, Takeuchi H, Nomura R, Nakano K. Multiple-Ion Releasing Bioactive Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer (S-PRG) Filler: Innovative Technology for Dental Treatment and Care. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040236. [PMID: 37103326 PMCID: PMC10142353 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler, which releases strontium (Sr2+), borate (BO33-), fluoride (F-), sodium (Na+), silicate (SiO32-), and aluminum (Al3+) ions at high concentrations, is a unique glass filler that are utilized in dentistry. Because of its multiple-ion releasing characteristics, S-PRG filler exhibits several bioactivities such as tooth strengthening, acid neutralization, promotion of mineralization, inhibition of bacteria and fungi, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, and enhancement of cell activity. Therefore, S-PRG filler per se and S-PRG filler-containing materials have the potential to be beneficial for various dental treatments and care. Those include restorative treatment, caries prevention/management, vital pulp therapy, endodontic treatment, prevention/treatment of periodontal disease, prevention of denture stomatitis, and perforation repair/root end filling. This review summarizes bioactive functions exhibited by S-PRG filler and its possible contribution to oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakatsuka
- Marketing Department, Shofu Inc., 11 Kamitakamatsu-cho, Fukuine, Higashiyama, Kyoto 605-0983, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruaki Kitagawa
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sasaki
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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Antimicrobial Action, Genotoxicity, and Morphological Analysis of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Cements. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2155226. [PMID: 35592523 PMCID: PMC9113872 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2155226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating five mineral oxides (5MO), mineral trioxide aggregate repair high plasticity (MTA HP), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in relation to the antimicrobial action over Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia; the genotoxicity over mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblast (Mg-63) cultures; and the morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (50 k and ×100 k). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), calcium hydroxide, and saline solution were used as control groups in the different analysis. All data were submitted to a normality test and then analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, considering α ≤ 0.05 significance level. It was found that over P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis, there was no a significant difference between the calcium silicate-based cements (CSC) and the control group of saline solution, and only 5MO was similar to the NaOCl group. However, over P. micra, all groups were effective and showed a statistically significant difference compared to the saline solution group. Conversely, none of the groups were effective over F. nucleatum and P. intermedia, except of the NaOCl group. There was a significant difference between 5MO and MTA groups in comparison with NaOCl and MTA HP over osteoblasts and macrophages after 24 hours. SEM images showed small irregular particles interspersed with some elongated needle-like particles and small irregular particles with some larger particles as well as elongated particles. It was concluded that 5MO, MTA, and MTA HP have effective antimicrobial action over P. micra. However, only 5MO is effective over P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis. Besides, 5MO and MTA are not genotoxic over mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblast (Mg-63) cultures.
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Thein HSS, Hashimoto K, Kawashima N, Noda S, Okiji T. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of surface-reaction-type pre-reacted glass-ionomer filler containing root canal sealer in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Dent Mater J 2021; 41:150-158. [PMID: 34602587 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A prototype surface-reaction-type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler containing root canal sealer (S-PRG sealer) exhibits bioactive potential by releasing multiple ions. This study explored the suppressive effects and modes of action of S-PRG sealer extracts on proinflammatory cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines was evaluated by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-kB) p65 was evaluated by western blotting. S-PRG sealer extracts significantly downregulated mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells; the extracts also reduced the levels of IL-6 protein and p-NF-kB. In order to verify that Zn2+ was responsible for downregulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) was used as a heavy metal chelator with strong affinity for Zn2+. These effects were mitigated by TPEN. The application of ZnCl2 reproduced the actions of S-PRG sealer extracts. These data suggest that S-PRG sealer has anti-inflammatory potential involving heavy metal ions such as Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htoo Shwe Sin Thein
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Dental Medicine Mandalay
| | - Kentaro Hashimoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Sonoko Noda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Zare S, Shen I, Zhu Q, Ahn C, Primus C, Komabayashi T. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of single-cone obturation with three sealers. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e25. [PMID: 34123761 PMCID: PMC8170377 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study used micro-computed tomography (µCT) to compare voids and interfaces in single-cone obturation among AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) sealers and to determine the percentage of sealer contact at the dentin and gutta-percha (GP) interfaces. Materials and Methods Fifteen single-rooted human teeth were shaped using ProTaper NEXT size X5 rotary files using 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. Roots were obturated with a single-cone ProTaper NEXT GP point X5 with AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, or prototype S-PRG sealer (n = 5/group). Results The volumes of GP, sealer, and voids were measured in the region of 0–2, 2–4, 4–6, and 6–8 mm from the apex, using image analysis of sagittal µCT scans. GP volume percentages were: AH Plus (75.5%), EndoSequence BC (87.3%), and prototype S-PRG (94.4%). Sealer volume percentages were less: AH Plus (14.3%), EndoSequence BC (6.8%), and prototype S-PRG (4.6%). Void percentages were AH Plus (10.1%), EndoSequence BC (5.9%), and prototype S-PRG (1.0%). Dentin-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 82.4% ± 6.8%, 71.6% ± 25.3%, and 70.2% ± 9.4%, respectively. GP-sealer contact ratios of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC, and prototype S-PRG groups were 65.6% ± 29.1%, 80.7% ± 25.8%, and 87.0% ± 8.6%, respectively. Conclusions Prototype S-PRG sealer created a low-void obturation, similar to EndoSequence BC sealer with similar dentin-sealer contact (> 70%) and GP-sealer contact (> 80%). Prototype S-PRG sealer presented comparable filling quality to EndoSequence BC sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Zare
- University of New England College of Dental Medicine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Ivy Shen
- University of New England College of Dental Medicine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Division of Endodontology, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chul Ahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carolyn Primus
- Augusta University Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
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Bhat A, Cvach N, Mizuno C, Ahn C, Zhu Q, Primus C, Komabayashi T. Ion Release From Prototype Surface Pre-Reacted Glass Ionomer (S-PRG) Sealer and EndoSequence BC Sealer. Eur Endod J 2021; 6:122-127. [PMID: 33762532 PMCID: PMC8056809 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.50470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bioactive ions, when incorporated in an endodontic sealer, can contribute to the long-term success of endodontic therapy by combating the re-infection of a tooth and promoting the healing of the periapical bone. The objective of this study was to measure the release of boron, strontium, and silicon ions from surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler containing prototype endodontic sealer over a sustained period in comparison to EndoSequence BC sealer in a simulated clinical model using extracted human teeth in vitro. METHODS Twelve extracted human anterior teeth were instrumented using ProTaper Next (Dentsply Sirona, Johnson City, TN, USA) files up to size X3 (#30/variable taper) with copious 2.5% NaOCl irrigation. Teeth were obturated using a single-cone technique with a matching size tapered gutta-percha point and one of two endodontic sealers: prototype S-PRG (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan) or EndoSequence BC (Brasseler, Savannah, GA, USA). The teeth were soaked in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution for 336 hours. Periodically, 1-mL samples of the PBS were analyzed via an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to determine the concentrations of ions released by the sealers. RESULTS The average (S.D.) cumulative release (ng/ml) of boron, silicon, and strontium ions over 2 weeks for the prototype S-PRG sealer was 8614.9 (1264.3), 35758.9 (5986.5), and 3965.2 (145.6), and for EndoSequence BC sealer was 1860.5 (82.7), 164648.7 (16468.1), and 227.7 (4.7). Generalized linear mixed model analysis showed significant differences in ion concentration among boron, silicon, and strontium over time between the two sealer groups (Boron: P<0.0001, Silicon: P=0.010, Strontium: P=0.028). Of the three ions, strontium had the lowest amount of release for both sealers. The prototype S-PRG sealer showed a rapid initial burst followed by a slow, continuous release of strontium ions. CONCLUSION The prototype S-PRG sealer released boron and strontium ions in higher cumulative concentrations over 2 weeks compared to the EndoSequence BC sealer. Both the prototype S-PRG and EndoSequence BC sealers released silicon ions, although significantly more were eluted from the EndoSequence BC sealer. Antimicrobial and osteogenic ion release from sealers is expected to positively influence the post-treatment control of microbial infections to improve periapical healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Bhat
- From the University of New England College of Dental Medicine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Nicholas Cvach
- From the University of New England College of Dental Medicine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Cassia Mizuno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New England College of Pharmacy, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Chul Ahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Division of Endodontology, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Carolyn Primus
- Augusta University Dental College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Takashi Komabayashi
- From the University of New England College of Dental Medicine, Portland, ME, USA
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Hirata-Tsuchiya S, Suzuki S, Nakamoto T, Kakimoto N, Yamada S, Shiba H. Surgical Sealing of Laterally Localized Accessory Root Canal with Resin Containing S-PRG Filler in Combination with Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment: A Case Report. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8040131. [PMID: 33233579 PMCID: PMC7712176 DOI: 10.3390/dj8040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of root canal infection to surrounding periodontal tissue through accessory root canals reduces the success rate of endodontic treatment. In this case, cone-beam computed tomography revealed a lesion (4 mm from the apex) resulting from an accessory root canal of the maxillary left central incisor. First, non-surgical endodontic treatment was conducted but the sinus tract remained. Surgical preparation of the root cavity was then conducted to remove potentially infected dentin surrounding the accessory root canal. The cavity was filled and the foramen was sealed with resin containing bioactive surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) filler. The photopolymerized resin was then contoured and polished. In combination with subsequent supportive non-surgical endodontic treatment, a good clinical outcome with the disappearance of the sinus tract and clinical symptoms such as discomfort and pressure pain and the regeneration of the alveolar bone hanging over the cavity was obtained. In this case, the good clinical outcome may have been due to the dentin-adhesive property and durability of the pre-adhesive system and composite resin. The better biocompatibility of S-PRG fillers presumably facilitated periodontal tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizu Hirata-Tsuchiya
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.H.-T.); (H.S.)
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.H.-T.); (H.S.)
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Takashi Nakamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (T.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Naoya Kakimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (T.N.); (N.K.)
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.H.-T.); (H.S.)
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Xiong B, Shirai K, Matsumoto K, Abiko Y, Furuichi Y. The potential of a surface pre-reacted glass root canal dressing for treating apical periodontitis in rats. Int Endod J 2020; 54:255-267. [PMID: 32961600 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of a prototype root canal dressing containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers on repairing induced periapical lesions in a rat model. Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2 ] was applied as a comparison in the healing process. METHODOLOGY The pulp chambers of the maxillary first molars in 64 male Wistar rats aged 16 weeks were opened to induce periapical lesions. After 28 days, the mesial canal of each tooth was prepared, irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite only (control group: irrigation) or followed by the respective dressing [Ca(OH)2 group, irrigation + Ca(OH)2 ; S-PRG group, irrigation + S-PRG] and restored with composite resin for 3 or 7 days (10/group). Four rats with healthy molars were used as blank controls. Descriptive analysis of the periapical radiographs, haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical observation was performed 3 and 7 days after treatment. The periapical grey value, CD68 macrophages and osteoclasts (cathepsin-K) were quantified and statistically analysed with Tukey's honest significant difference test. A significant difference was achieved when P values were <0.05. RESULTS S-PRG and Ca(OH)2 dressings were associated with increased periapical grey values and inhibited osteoclast activity at 3 and 7 days; a significant difference in radiographic results and the number of osteoclasts was obtained at 3 and 7 days compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Reparative tissue was observed histologically in the space of the periapical resorbed necrotic area after S-PRG and Ca(OH)2 treatment for 3 and 7 days. The number of macrophages was significantly decreased at 3 and 7 days in the S-PRG and Ca(OH)2 specimens when compared with the controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a rat experimental model, the S-PRG root canal dressing was comparable to Ca(OH)2 in promoting the healing of experimentally induced periapical lesions. S-PRG paste has the potential to be used as an alternative intracanal dressing in teeth with apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xiong
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Y Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Y Furuichi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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Yaghmoor RB, Platt JA, Spolnik KJ, Chu TMG, Yassen GH. Effect of Hydrogel-Based Antibiotic Intracanal Medicaments on Push-Out Bond Strength. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:575-583. [PMID: 32726856 PMCID: PMC7535964 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of typical clinical concentration (1,000 mg/mL), low concentration (1 mg/mL) triple antibiotic pastes (TAP), and double antibiotic pastes (DAP) on the bond strength between various root cements and radicular dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intact single-rooted human teeth (n = 144) were horizontally decoronated and canals instrumented. The roots were treated for 4 weeks with Ca(OH)2, 1,000 mg/mL of TAP or DAP, and 1 mg/mL of TAP or DAP. Untreated roots served as a control. After treatment, the medicaments were irrigated and each group was divided into three subgroups receiving MTA, Biodentine, or Endosequence putty cement. After 2 weeks, coronal and middle root cylinders were obtained from each root. Push-out bond strength test and failure analysis were performed for all root cylinders. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Three-way ANOVA, pairwise comparisons and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. A significance level of 5% was used. RESULTS For MTA applied in the coronal part of the roots, 1 mg/mL DAP and TAP and Ca(OH)2 demonstrated significantly higher bond strength compared with the typical clinical concentration and the control groups. For Biodentine applied coronally in the roots, 1 mg/mL of DAP resulted in significantly higher bond strength than all other groups. For Endosequence putty cement applied coronally in the roots, 1 mg/mL of DAP offered significantly higher bond strength than all groups except for Ca(OH)2. CONCLUSION The use of 1 mg/mL DAP resulted in significantly higher push-out bond strength compared with the typical clinical concentration of TAP and DAP regardless of the type of the root cement used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan B Yaghmoor
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Platt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Kenneth J Spolnik
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Tien Min Gabriel Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Ghaeth H Yassen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.,Department of Endodontics, Case School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Ayoub HM, Gregory RL, Tang Q, Lippert F. The anti-caries efficacy of three fluoride compounds at increasing maturation of a microcosm biofilm. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104781. [PMID: 32622258 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the anti-caries efficacy of three fluoride compounds at increasing maturation of a microcosm biofilm. DESIGN Microcosm biofilm, obtained from saliva collected from three donors (IRB #1406440799), was grown on enamel samples (n = 18/group) for 24-h (Brain Heart Infusion; 0.2 % sucrose). Then, pH cycling model started. Three maturations were explored (4d, 8d, and 12d). The pH cycling consisted of daily 2 × 5 min treatments (NaF, SnF2, AmF: 287.5 ppm F, and de-ionized water [DIW]), 4 × 10 min remineralization (BHI, no sucrose, pH 7.0), and 3 × 2:15 h demineralization (BHI, 1% sucrose, pH 4.5). We analyzed the enamel (surface microhardness [VHNchange], integrated mineral loss [ΔZ], lesion depth [L]), and the biofilm (viability [log10 CFU/mL], lactic acid production [LDH], and exopolysaccharide [EPS] amount). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA (p = 0.05). RESULTS The interaction between tested variables was significant for VHNchange, viability, LDH, EPS (p = 0.0354, p = 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001), but not for L (p = 0.2412) or ΔZ (p = 0.6811). LDH and EPS analyses exhibited more tolerance of mature biofilm against NaF (LDH and EPS p < 0.0001); NaF-treated groups demonstrated significantly lower results than the control in the 12d group. The effect of SnF2 and AmF continued over time. VHNchange, L, and ΔZ: The effect of SnF2 and AmF was higher than NaF and DIW. L and ΔZ did not result in significant differences over time (all treatments). Within each maturation, fluoride compounds demonstrated statistically significantly lower L and ΔZ values than DIW. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm's maturation may influence the selection of fluoride compounds to achieve an optimum cariostatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel M Ayoub
- King Saud University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Dental Health Department, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh, 4545, Saudi Arabia; Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, 1121 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Indiana University, School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Bowen Center for Health Workforce Research & Policy, 1110 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, 1121 W. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Qing Tang
- Indiana University, School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, 410 W. 10th Street, HITS 3000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Frank Lippert
- Indiana University, School of Dentistry, Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Dragland IS, Wellendorf H, Kopperud H, Stenhagen I, Valen H. Investigation on the antimicrobial activity of chitosan-modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement. Biomater Investig Dent 2019; 6:99-106. [PMID: 31998877 PMCID: PMC6964784 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2019.1697621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Coronal leakage and reinfection after root canal therapy is an important reason for endodontic failure. Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) -based materials are often used as a coronal seal to prevent secondary infection. The antibacterial effect of ZOE cement is mainly due to leaching of eugenol from the material, but the effect is reported to decrease over time. Chitosan (CH) is a natural polymer with antibacterial properties. The aim of the study was to investigate if incorporation of (CH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) in a ZOE-based material improved both the immediate and sustained antibacterial properties of the material. Methods:Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis was used to investigate the antibacterial effect of the materials in a modified direct contact test (MDCT) immediately after setting and after storage for 18 weeks in water. Leaching per week of eugenol from the materials was quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of eugenol on growth of bacteria was measured by reading of optical density at 600 nm after 18 h growth. Mechanical properties were investigated in a compressive strength test according to ISO 3107. Results: The present study showed that a ZOE-based material has antibacterial activity both as freshly prepared and after immersion in water for 18 weeks. Incorporating CH or COS may increase the antibacterial effect depending on the bacterial species investigated. The amount of leached eugenol did not differ between materials or during or after storage. S. mutans showed the highest susceptibility to eugenol of the three species investigated. Modification of the materials with CH or COS reduced the compressive strength, but the requirements in ISO 3017 were still met.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Håkon Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway
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Brichko J, Burrow MF, Parashos P. Design Variability of the Push-out Bond Test in Endodontic Research: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2018; 44:1237-1245. [PMID: 29935874 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited literature on the impact of testing variables on the push-out bond test (POBT). This review identified designs of the POBT used in the endodontic literature and aimed to determine which experimental variables may influence the push-out bond strength (POBS). METHODS A systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines was performed by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library databases using terms including push-out and dislocation resistance and descriptions of endodontic materials. Test variables assessed included method of root preparation, timing of sectioning compared with filling, thickness, diameter and taper of sections, and plunger size and velocity. The POBS of 3 common materials (gutta-percha and AH Plus, mineral trioxide aggregate, and Biodentine) were collected from investigations, and a comparison was attempted. RESULTS One hundred thirty-three studies assessed the POBS of root-filling materials, 68 assessed root repair cements/root-end filling materials, and 16 assessed orifice barrier materials other than mineral trioxide aggregate. There was significant variation in all of the assessed variables, resulting in a large range of reported values for the POBS of the various materials. Because of this heterogeneity in study design, no further statistical analysis of the impact of the test variables on POBS was possible. CONCLUSIONS There was considerable variation in the POBT design used in endodontic research. Greater standardization is required for future research as well as accurate reporting for all test variables to assess the impact of specific design variables on POBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brichko
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Takakusaki K, Fueki K, Tsutsumi C, Tsutsumi Y, Iwasaki N, Hanawa T, Takahashi H, Takakuda K, Wakabayashi N. Effect of incorporation of surface pre-reacted glass ionomer filler in tissue conditioner on the inhibition of Candida albicans adhesion. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:453-459. [PMID: 29415971 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of incorporation of surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler in tissue conditioner (TC) on Candida albicans adhesion. We prepared specimens containing 0, 5, 10, or 20 wt% of S-PRG filler, and measured the amount of C. albicans on the surface using a colony forming unit (CFU) assay and scanning electron microscopic images. In addition, we measured the consistency, penetration depth, and surface roughness (Ra). CFU values for 10 and 20 wt% were significantly lower than that for the control (p<0.05). Hyphal density on the surface was greater in the control. The 10 and 20 wt% specimens showed significantly higher consistency and Ra, lower penetration depth ratio than control (p<0.05). These results suggest that incorporation of S-PRG filler may reduce C. albicans adhesion onto TC surface; however, the optimal amount of filler is dictated by the influence of filler incorporation on mechanical and surface characters of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Takakusaki
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kenji Fueki
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Chiaki Tsutsumi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, TMDU
| | - Naohiko Iwasaki
- Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, TMDU
| | - Takao Hanawa
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, TMDU
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, TMDU
| | - Kazuo Takakuda
- Medical and Dental Device Technology Incubation Center, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, TMDU
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Antibacterial glass-ionomer cement restorative materials: A critical review on the current status of extended release formulations. J Control Release 2017; 262:317-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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