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Almarsomy DH, Al-khayat FA, Al-Taee LA. The preventive/therapeutic effect of CO 2 laser and MI Paste Plus® on intact and demineralized enamel against Streptococcus mutans (In Vitro Study). Heliyon 2023; 9:e20310. [PMID: 37790956 PMCID: PMC10543189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of CO2 laser and MI paste plus on intact and demineralized enamel surfaces and their impact on bacterial adhesion. Methods: 160 enamel slabs were prepared and randomly allocated into two main groups; sound and demineralized enamel (n = 80 per group), in which specimens were immersed in a demineralizing solution (50 mM acetic acid, pH 4.5) for 72 h at 37 °C. Each group was further divided into four subgroups (n = 20); the control (un treated surfaces), surfaces treated by CO2 laser, MI paste plus (Recaldent™, GC corporation/Germany), and those received a combination of CO2 and MI paste plus. Streptococcus Mutans biofilm was isolated, quantified, and then applied on treated enamel surfaces and incubated anaerobically for 24 h and then quantified by colony-forming unit (CFU). Meanwhile, surface changes were assessed by Vickers microhardness and Scanning Electron Microscope combined with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Results: The combined use of CO2 laser followed by MI paste plus significantly (p < 0.000) enhanced surface microhardness of sound and demineralized enamel with a significant reduction in bacterial counts. However, each technique alone was beneficial as they exhibited higher microhardness with lower bacterial viability in comparison to the control. The treatment of demineralized enamel surfaces with MI paste significantly reduced the number of bacterial colonies with the presence of dispersed mineral deposits over the surface. Conclusions The combined use of CO2 laser and MI paste plus was effective as a preventive and/or therapeutic measures in enhancing surface properties of enamel and reducing the bacterial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhuha H. Almarsomy
- Department of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Baghdad College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Fadia A. Al-khayat
- Department of Basic Sciences, Baghdad College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Lamis A. Al-Taee
- Department of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Baghdad College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Shubbar M, Addie A, Al-Taee L. The Effect of a Bioactive Oral System and CO2 Laser on Enamel Susceptibility to Acid Challenge. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13061087. [PMID: 36980395 PMCID: PMC10047757 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13061087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the structural changes of enamel treated by the Regenerate system and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser against acid challenge. Thirty human enamel slabs were prepared and assigned into three groups: Group I: untreated (control); Group II: treated with the Regenerate system; and Group III exposed to CO2 laser. All specimens were subjected to an acid challenge (pH 4.5–7.0) for 14 days. Specimens were evaluated and compared at 120 points using five Raman microspectroscopic peaks; the phosphate vibrations ν1, ν2, ν3, and ν4 at 960, 433, 1029, and 579 cm−1, respectively, and the carbonate at 1070 cm−1, followed by Vickers microhardness test. The ratio of carbonate to phosphate was correlated to the equivalent microhardness numbers. The intensities of phosphate peaks ν1, ν2, and ν4 were reduced in all groups post-acid challenge, while the carbonate and ν3 were significantly increased (p < 0.000). Surfaces treated by Regenerate exhibited higher peak intensity of phosphate and carbonate before and after pH-cycling (p < 0.05). The mineral content in enamel had a direct effect on tissue microhardness, and the CO2-lased surfaces showed a reduced carbonate content and higher microhardness values. Both approaches induced surface changes that can protect enamel against acid challenge resulting in a significant benefit for dental healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Shubbar
- Department of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Baghdad College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad P.O. Box 1417, Iraq
| | - Ali Addie
- Center of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad P.O. Box 0765, Iraq
| | - Lamis Al-Taee
- Department of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Baghdad College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad P.O. Box 1417, Iraq
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +964-772-812-0182
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The Antibacterial and Remineralization Effect of Silver-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Sealing and Er-YAG Laser on Dentinal Tubules Treated in a Streptococcus mutans Cultivated Environment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111124. [PMID: 34832906 PMCID: PMC8624502 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralization and antibacterial effect of silver-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG-Ag) sealing combined with Er:YAG laser irradiation on human demineralized dentin specimens in a Streptococcus mutans cultivated environment. A total of 48 human dentin specimens were randomly divided into four groups. The characteristics of MBG-Ag and the occlusion efficiency of the dentinal tubules were analyzed using X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Moreover, the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans was evaluated by colony formation assay. The results showed that the dentin specimens with Er:YAG laser irradiation can form a melted occlusion with a size of 3–4 µm. MBG-Ag promoted the deposition of numerous crystal particles on the dentinal surface, reaching the deepest penetration depth of 70 μm. The results suggested that both MBG-Ag and laser have the ability to enhance the remineralization and precipitation of hydroxyapatite crystals. While the results showed that MBG-Ag sealing combined with the thermomechanical subablation mode of Er:YAG laser irradiation-induced dense crystalline deposition, reaching a penetration depth of more than 300 µm, silver nanoparticles without good absorption of the Er:YAG laser resulted in a heterogeneous radiated surface. Er:YAG laser irradiation with a low energy and pulse rate cannot completely inhibit the growth of S. mutans, but MBG-Ag sealing reached the bactericidal concentration. It was concluded that the simultaneous application of MBG-Ag sealing and Er:YAG laser treatment can prevent the drawbacks of their independent uses, resulting in a superior form of treatment for dentin hypersensitivity.
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Luk K, Niu JY, Gutknecht N, Zhao IS, Chu CH. Preventing Enamel Caries Using Carbon Dioxide Laser and Silver Diamine Fluoride. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 39:297-302. [PMID: 33373541 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study was intended to investigate the caries prevention potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser (λ = 10,600 nm) irradiation followed by application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to enamel. Materials and methods: Human enamel specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 10 per group). Group 1 specimens were treated with SDF; Group 2 specimens were treated with a CO2 laser; Group 3 specimens were irradiated with a CO2 laser then treated with SDF, and Group 4 specimens received no treatment. All specimens were subjected to pH cycling for cariogenic challenge. Lesion depth, microhardness, surface morphology, and elemental analysis were assessed. Results: The lesion depths for Groups 1-4 were 33 ± 16, 80 ± 9, 18 ± 15, and 102 ± 9 μm, respectively (p < 0.001; Group 3 < Group 1 < Group 2 < Group 4). Knoop hardness values for Groups 1-4 were 61 ± 19, 68 ± 20, 78 ± 27, and 36 ± 8, respectively (p = 0.002; Group 4 < Groups 1, 2, and 3). The enamel in Group 4 but not in the other groups showed a roughened surface resembling an acid-etched pattern. Calcium-to-phosphorus molar ratios of Groups 1-4 were 1.68 ± 60.09, 1.61 ± 0.06, 1.69 ± 0.10, and 1.49 ± 0.10, respectively (p < 0.001; Group 4 < Groups 1, 2, and 3). Conclusions: Using the CO2 laser or SDF separately enhanced the resistance of enamel to cariogenic challenge. Moreover, there was an additional effect of the combined use of the CO2 laser and SDF for preventing enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Luk
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - John Yun Niu
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Combined effects of a topical fluoride treatment and 445 nm laser irradiation of enamel against a demineralization challenge: A light and electron microscopic ex vivo study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237195. [PMID: 32764819 PMCID: PMC7413416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the caries-preventive effect of 445 nm laser radiation in combination with fluoride on the prevention of white spot lesions. Previously, several studies have indicated the ability of 488 nm argon ion laser irradiation to reduce early enamel demineralization. A diode laser (445 nm) could be an alternative technology for possible caries-preventive potential. Each sample of a group of seventeen caries-free bovine teeth was treated in four different ways on four different zones of the labial surface: control/no treatment (C), laser irradiation only (L) (0.3 W, 60 s and applied dose of 90 J/cm2), amine fluoride application only (10,000 ppm and pH 3.9) (F), and amine fluoride application followed by laser irradiation (FL). After treatment, the teeth were subjected to a demineralization solution (pH 4.3 for 48 h at 37 °C) to induce subsurface lesions. After sectioning, the teeth were examined by light microscopy. Three teeth were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The depths of the subsurface lesions in the C, L, F, and FL groups were 103.01 (± 13.04), 96.99 (± 14.51), 42.59 (± 17.13), and 24.35 (± 11.38) μm, respectively. The pairwise group comparison showed the following results: p < 0.001 for FL versus C, FL versus L, F versus C, and F versus L, p = 0.019 for FL versus F and p = 0.930 for L versus C. The SEM micrographs support the light-microscopic examination. The results of the current study have shown that using relatively low irradiation settings of 445 nm laser on fluoridated enamel may be effective for prevention of white spot lesions.
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Luk K, Zhao IS, Yu OY, Mei ML, Gutknecht N, Chu CH. Caries Prevention Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride with 10,600 nm Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation on Dentin. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:295-300. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Luk
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Norbert Gutknecht
- Department of Operative Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Loiola ABDA, Aires CP, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Rodrigues Junior AL, Souza-Gabriel AE, Corona SAM. The Impact of CO 2 Laser Treatment and Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride on Enamel Demineralization and Biofilm Formation. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:200-206. [PMID: 31749946 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This study evaluated the impact of CO2 laser treatment and acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) on enamel demineralization and biofilm formation, using in vitro and in situ designs. Methods: Demineralized enamel slabs were distributed among 8 groups: placebo, placebo + continuous CO2 laser, placebo + repeated CO2 laser, placebo + ultrapulsed CO2 laser, 1.23% APF, APF + continuous CO2 laser, APF + repeated CO2 laser and APF + ultrapulsed CO2 laser. In the in vitro study, 15 enamel slabs from each group were subjected to a pH-cycling regimen for 14 days. In the cross over in situ design, 11 volunteers wore palatal appliances with demineralized enamel slabs for 2 periods of 14 days each. Drops of sucrose solution were dripped onto enamel slabs 8×/day. Biofilms formed on slabs were collected and the colony-forming units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus were determined. Results: For both in vitro and in situ studies, there was no significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). However, all treatments increased microhardness of demineralized enamel (P<0.05). After a further in situ cariogenic challenge, with the exception of the placebo, all treatments maintained microhardness values (P<0.05). Microbiological analysis showed no difference in Streptococcus mutans (P>0.05) or Lactobacillus (P>0.05) counts between groups. Conclusion: The results suggest that APF gel combined with the CO2 laser, regardless of the pulse emission mode used, was effective in controlling enamel demineralization, but none of the tested treatments was able to prevent bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bárbara de Araújo Loiola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Fabiana Almeida Curylofo-Zotti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Antônio Luiz Rodrigues Junior
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14049- 900
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, 14040-904
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Bezerra SJC, Trevisan LR, Viana IEL, Lopes RM, Pereira DL, Aranha ACC, Scaramucci T. Er,Cr:YSGG laser associated with acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (1.23% F) for prevention and control of dentin erosion progression. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:449-455. [PMID: 30215185 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, associated with fluoride application, on the prevention/control of dentin erosion. Dentin slabs were embedded in acrylic resin, flattened, and polished. Half of the specimens were previously eroded (10 min immersion in 1% citric acid solution) and half were kept sound. The specimens (n = 10 each substrate) were randomly allocated into the experimental groups, according to the following treatments: control (no treatment); APF gel (1.23% F, 1 min); Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (P1: 0.25 W, 20 Hz, 2.8 J/cm2, tip S75, beam diameter of 750 μm, 1 mm away from the surface); Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation (P2: 0.50 W, 20 Hz, 5.7 J/cm2, tip S75, beam diameter of 750 μm, 1 mm away from the surface); APF gel + Er,Cr:YSGG laser P1 and; APF gel + Er,Cr:YSGG laser P2. Afterwards, the specimens underwent an erosion-remineralization cycling, consisting of a 5-min immersion into 0.3% citric acid, followed by 60-min exposure to artificial saliva. This procedure was repeated 4×/day, for 5 days. Surface loss (SL, in μm) was determined by optical profilometry. Specimens from each group were analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (n = 3). Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). For the eroded specimens, APF gel presented the lowest SL, being different from the control. For the sound specimens, none of the groups differed from the control, except for Er,Cr:YSGG laser P2, which presented the highest SL. When substrates were compared, only the eroded specimens of the control and APF + Er,Cr:YSGG laser P1 Groups showed higher SL. Selective structure removal was observed for the laser-treated groups. None of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser parameters were effective in the prevention/control dentin erosion. The laser was also unable to enhance the protection of fluoride against dentin erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J C Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - L R Trevisan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - I E L Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - R M Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - D L Pereira
- Institute of Energetic and Nuclear Research, IPEN/CNEN/SP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - A C C Aranha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Special Laboratory of Lasers in Dentistry (LELO), Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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Esteves-Oliveira M, Wollgarten S, Liebegall S, Jansen P, Bilandzic M, Meyer-Lueckel H, Fischer H, Stollenwerk J, Poprawe R. A New Laser-Processing Strategy for Improving Enamel Erosion Resistance. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1168-1175. [PMID: 28665779 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517718532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new automatic laser-processing strategy allowing standardized irradiation of natural tooth areas was investigated. The objective was to find a combination of laser parameters that could cause over a 600°C temperature increase at the enamel surface while not damaging enamel, avoiding temperature change above 5.5°C in the pulp and increasing enamel erosion resistance. Seventy-seven bovine enamel samples were randomly divided into 6 laser groups and 1 negative control (C/no treatment/ n = 11). A scanning strategy (7 × 3 mm) was used for the CO2 laser treatment (λ = 10.6 µm, 0.1-18 J/cm2) with different pulse durations-namely, 20 µs (G20), 30 µs (G30), 55 µs (G55), and 490 µs (G490), as well as 2 modified pulse distances (G33d, G40d). Measurements of temperature change were performed at the surface (thermal camera/50 Hz), at the underside (thermocouples), and at the pulp chamber using a thermobath and human molars ( n = 10). In addition, histology and X-ray diffraction (XRD/ n = 10) were performed. Erosion was tested using an erosive cycling over 6 d, including immersion in citric acid (2 min/0.05 M/pH = 2.3) 6 times daily. Surface loss was measured using a profilometer and statistical analysis with a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (α = 0.05). Only G20 fulfilled the temperature requirements at the surface (619 ± 21.8°C), at the underside (5.3 ± 1.4°C), and at the pulp (2.0 ± 1.0°C), and it caused no mineral phase change and significant reduction of enamel surface loss (-13.2 ± 4.0 µm) compared to C (-37.0 ± 10.1 µm, P < 0.05). A laser-scanning strategy (20 µs/2 kHz/1.25 J/cm2, 3.4 mm/s) has been established that fulfilled the criteria for biological safety and significantly increased enamel erosion resistance (64%) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esteves-Oliveira
- 1 Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Wollgarten
- 2 Chair for Laser Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Liebegall
- 1 Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Jansen
- 1 Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Bilandzic
- 3 Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research (ZWBF), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Meyer-Lueckel
- 1 Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Fischer
- 3 Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research (ZWBF), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Stollenwerk
- 4 Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), Aachen, Germany
| | - R Poprawe
- 2 Chair for Laser Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,4 Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology (ILT), Aachen, Germany
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Paulos RS, Seino PY, Fukushima KA, Marques MM, de Almeida FCS, Ramalho KM, de Freitas PM, Brugnera A, Moreira MS. Effect of Nd:YAG and CO 2 Laser Irradiation on Prevention of Enamel Demineralization in Orthodontics: In Vitro Study. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:282-286. [PMID: 28157423 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate Nd:YAG and CO2 laser effects in the prevention of demineralization in deeper layers of enamel via successive acid challenge cycles. BACKGROUND DATA Lasers are promising in the prevention of enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets; however, there are very few studies that evaluate if the effects of treatment could be extended after successive acid challenge cycles due to permanent enamel structural alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human enamel samples were divided into five groups (n = 12): G1-application of 1.23% acidulated fluoride phosphate gel (AFP, control); G2-Nd:YAG laser irradiation (0.6 W, 84.9 J/cm2, 10 Hz, 110 μs, contact mode); G3-Nd:YAG laser irradiation associated with AFP; G4-CO2 laser irradiation (0.5 W, 28.6 J/cm2, 50 Hz, 5 μs, and 10 mm focal distance); and G5-CO2 laser irradiation associated with AFP. The samples were submitted to successive acid challenge cycles. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess enamel demineralization. The data were statistically compared (α = 5%). RESULTS G1: 50.87 ± 4.57; G2: 47.72 ± 2.87; G3: 50.96 ± 4.01; G4: 28.21 ± 2.19; and G5: 30.13 ± 6.38. The CO2 laser groups had significantly lower mineral losses than those observed in all other groups after successive acid challenge cycles. CONCLUSIONS Only the CO2 laser (10.6 μm) irradiation prevents enamel demineralization around the orthodontic brackets even after exposure to successive acid challenges. The CO2 laser at 10.6 μm showed a deeper effect in enamel regarding caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Siva Paulos
- 1 Master Program in Biodentistry, Ibirapuera University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcia Martins Marques
- 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Aldo Brugnera
- 4 Department of Biomedicine Engineering, Camilo Castelo Branco University , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Stella Moreira
- 1 Master Program in Biodentistry, Ibirapuera University , São Paulo, Brazil .,2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil .,5 Universidade Nove de Julho , São Paulo, Brazil
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