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Silva SK, Plepis AMG, Martins VDCA, Horn MM, Buchaim DV, Buchaim RL, Pelegrine AA, Silva VR, Kudo MHM, Fernandes JFR, Nazari FM, da Cunha MR. Suitability of Chitosan Scaffolds with Carbon Nanotubes for Bone Defects Treated with Photobiomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126503. [PMID: 35742948 PMCID: PMC9223695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have been investigated as an alternative for the treatment of bone defects, such as chitosan/carbon nanotubes scaffolds, which allow cell proliferation. However, bone regeneration can be accelerated by electrotherapeutic resources that act on bone metabolism, such as low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Thus, this study evaluated the regeneration of bone lesions grafted with chitosan/carbon nanotubes scaffolds and associated with LLLT. For this, a defect (3 mm) was created in the femur of thirty rats, which were divided into 6 groups: Control (G1/Control), LLLT (G2/Laser), Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes (G3/C+CNTs), Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes with LLLT (G4/C+CNTs+L), Mineralized Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes (G5/C+CNTsM) and Mineralized Chitosan/Carbon Nanotubes with LLLT (G6/C+CNTsM+L). After 5 weeks, the biocompatibility of the chitosan/carbon nanotubes scaffolds was observed, with the absence of inflammatory infiltrates and fibrotic tissue. Bone neoformation was denser, thicker and voluminous in G6/C+CNTsM+L. Histomorphometric analyses showed that the relative percentage and standard deviations (mean ± SD) of new bone formation in groups G1 to G6 were 59.93 ± 3.04a (G1/Control), 70.83 ± 1.21b (G2/Laser), 70.09 ± 4.31b (G3/C+CNTs), 81.6 ± 5.74c (G4/C+CNTs+L), 81.4 ± 4.57c (G5/C+CNTsM) and 91.3 ± 4.81d (G6/C+CNTsM+L), respectively, with G6 showing a significant difference in relation to the other groups (a ≠ b ≠ c ≠ d; p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry also revealed good expression of osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It was concluded that chitosan-based carbon nanotube materials combined with LLLT effectively stimulated the bone healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ketelyn Silva
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - Ana Maria Guzzi Plepis
- Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
- Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
| | | | - Marilia Marta Horn
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary and Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil;
- Teaching and Research Coordination of the Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UniFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - Mateus Hissashi Matsumoto Kudo
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - José Francisco Rebello Fernandes
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - Fabricio Montenegro Nazari
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (S.K.S.); (V.R.S.); (M.H.M.K.); (J.F.R.F.); (F.M.N.)
- Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3395-2100
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de Lima do Nascimento TC, Gerber JT, Verbicaro T, Arce RM, Elsalanty ME, Fontana JD, Muller Storrer CL, Scariot R. Biochemical and X-ray micro-computed tomographic analyses of critical size bone defects grafted with autogenous bone and mercerized bacterial cellulose membranes salified with alendronate. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:408-415. [PMID: 34425239 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the repair of critical-sized bone defects grafted with autogenous bone and mercerized bacterial cellulose membranes (BCm) salified with alendronate (ALN). METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats underwent surgery to create a 5 mm-diameter bone defect in the calvarium. The removed bone was particularized, regrafted into the defect, and covered by a BCm according to the group: control group (CG), simply mercerized BCm; group 1 (G1), negatively charged BCm (BCm-CM-) salified with ALN; and group 2 (G2), positively charged BCm (BCm-DEAE+) salified with ALN. Serum samples were collected preoperatively and before euthanasia to analyze osteoprotegerin (OPG), parathyroid hormone (PTH), sclerostin (SOST), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels. The animals were euthanized after 15 or 60 d. Calvaria were analyzed using quantitative microtomography (μCT). RESULTS There was an increased level of PTH in the CG compared to the G2 group, at day 60 (p = 0.019). When analyzing the same group over time, G1 presented an increased FGF23 level on days 15 and 60 (p < 0.05). CG presented an increase in PTH (p = 0.037) at day 60. The μCT analysis detected increased trabecular separation on day 15 in G2 compared to G1 (p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Salification of ionized BCm with ALN had no direct effect on bone repair; however, BCm-CM- increased the levels of FGF23 over time. BCm-DEAE+ decreased PTH levels compared to mercerized BCm. BCm-CM-salified with ALN-induced superior bone quality, with respect to trabecular separation, compared to BCm-DEAE+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanny C de Lima do Nascimento
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, Zip code: 81280-330
| | - Jennifer Tsi Gerber
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, Zip code: 81280-330
| | - Thalyta Verbicaro
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, Zip code: 81280-330
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge St, Houston, TX, USA, Zip code: 77054
| | - Mohammed E Elsalanty
- Department of Medical Anatomical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 615 E 3rd St Pomona, CA, USA, Zip code: 91766
| | - José Domingos Fontana
- Master Graduation on Urban and Industrial Environments, Polytechnic Center, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Cel. Francisco H. Dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, Zip code: 81530-000
| | - Carmen Lucia Muller Storrer
- Department of Periodontics, IOA Boutique Curitiba, 6823 Sete de Setembro Avenue, Seminario, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, Zip code: 80240-001
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Parana, 632 Prefeito Lothario Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, PR, Brazil, Zip code: 80210-170.
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Kan L, Guo F, Liu Y, Pham VH, Guo Y, Wang Z. Probiotics Bacillus licheniformis Improves Intestinal Health of Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis-Challenged Broilers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:623739. [PMID: 34084155 PMCID: PMC8168541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.623739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis infection poses a serious threat to poultry production, and there is an urgent need for searching effective antibiotic alternatives to control it with the global ban on in-feed antibiotics. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus licheniformis replacing enramycin on the growth performance and intestinal health of subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE)-challenged broilers. In total, 504 1-day-old Arbor Acres male chickens were selected and subsequently assigned into three treatments, including PC (basal diet + SNE challenge), PA (basal diet extra 10 mg/kg enramycin + SNE challenge), and PG (basal diet extra 3.20 × 109 and 1.60 × 109 CFU B. licheniformis per kg diet during 1-21 days and 22-42 days, respectively + SNE challenge). Results showed that B. licheniformis significantly decreased the intestinal lesion scores and down-regulated the Claudin-3 mRNA levels in jejunum of SNE-infected broilers on day 25, but increased the mucin-2 gene expression in broilers on day 42. In addition, B. licheniformis significantly up-regulated the mRNA levels of TRIF and NF-κB of SNE-challenged broilers compared with the control group on day 25 and TLR-4, TRIF compared with the control and the antibiotic group on day 42. The mRNA expression of growth factors (GLP-2 and TGF-β2) and HSPs (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) were up-regulated in B. licheniformis supplementary group on days 25 and 42 compared with group PC. LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 was enriched in the PG group; nevertheless, Clostridiales_vadinBB60 and Rnminococcaceae_NK4A214 were in PA. PICRUSt analysis found that the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were enriched, whereas energy metabolism, membrane transport, cell motility, and lipid metabolism were suppressed in B. licheniformis-supplemented groups as compared with the PC control. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of B. licheniformis alleviated the intestinal damage caused by SNE challenge that coincided with modulating intestinal microflora structure and barrier function as well as regulating intestinal mucosal immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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The Role of GH/IGF Axis in Dento-Alveolar Complex from Development to Aging and Therapeutics: A Narrative Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051181. [PMID: 34066078 PMCID: PMC8150312 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The GH/IGF axis is a major regulator of bone formation and resorption and is essential to the achievement of normal skeleton growth and homeostasis. Beyond its key role in bone physiology, the GH/IGF axis has also major pleiotropic endocrine and autocrine/paracrine effects on mineralized tissues throughout life. This article aims to review the literature on GH, IGFs, IGF binding proteins, and their respective receptors in dental tissues, both epithelium (enamel) and mesenchyme (dentin, pulp, and tooth-supporting periodontium). The present review re-examines and refines the expression of the elements of the GH/IGF axis in oral tissues and their in vivo and in vitro mechanisms of action in different mineralizing cell types of the dento-alveolar complex including ameloblasts, odontoblasts, pulp cells, cementoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, and jaw osteoblasts focusing on cell-specific activities. Together, these data emphasize the determinant role of the GH/IGF axis in physiological and pathological development, morphometry, and aging of the teeth, the periodontium, and oral bones in humans, rodents, and other vertebrates. These advancements in oral biology have elicited an enormous interest among investigators to translate the fundamental discoveries on the GH/IGF axis into innovative strategies for targeted oral tissue therapies with local treatments, associated or not with materials, for orthodontics and the repair and regeneration of the dento-alveolar complex and oral bones.
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Vieira JS, Cunha EJ, de Souza JF, Sant'Ana RD, Zielak JC, Costa-Casagrande TA, Giovanini AF. Alendronate induces postnatal maxillary bone growth by stimulating intramembranous ossification and preventing premature cartilage mineralization in the midpalatal suture of newborn rats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:1494-1503. [PMID: 31054875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cleft palate is a common malformation of craniofacial development, and postnatal deficiencies in palate formation may occur. The aim of this study was to determine whether alendronate treatment could induce maxillary mineralization and thus reduce the need for surgical procedures. The effects of alendronate on maxillary bone development, the midpalatal suture, and the levels of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), collagen I and II, and V-ATPase were evaluated in newborn rats. Thirty newborn rats were placed in a control group and 30 in a group that received intraperitoneal alendronate (2.5 mg/kg/day). The animals were euthanized on day 7 or 12, and the heads were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Specimens from rats that received alendronate presented larger bone matrix deposition in areas of intramembranous ossification of the maxillary bone when compared to controls. Furthermore, higher levels of TGF-β1, BMP-2, and collagen I were observed, whereas osteoclasts showed no V-ATPase. The alendronate group also showed higher levels of TGF-β1 and collagen II in the midpalatal suture, whereas BMP-2 levels were lower than in controls. These results coincided with an expansion of the chondroid. In conclusion, alendronate increased the intramembranous ossification in the maxillary bone in association with increased expression of TGF-β1, BMP-2, and collagen I and decreased V-ATPase. The drug induced an expansion of chondrocytes and a decrease in mineral bone deposition despite the high levels of TGF-β1 in this area. Alendronate may therefore be useful in the treatment of diseases affecting bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Vieira
- Graduate Programme in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E J Cunha
- Graduate Programme in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J F de Souza
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R D Sant'Ana
- Graduate Programme in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J C Zielak
- Graduate Programme in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T A Costa-Casagrande
- Graduate Programme in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A F Giovanini
- Graduate Programme in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Deliberador FR, Sebastiani AM, Gerber J, Bonetto L, Tórtora G, Giovanini AF, Deliberador TM, Zielak JC, Scariot R. Effect of Local Application of Alendronate and Parathyroid Hormone on Craniofacial Bone Repair - a Preliminary Study. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:435-445. [PMID: 30517441 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two methods of local application of alendronate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone repair and the systemic implications. A critically sized defect (5 mm) was created in the cranial region of twenty-five male Wistar rats, and the bone removed was particulated, and grafted back to the defect with different treatments. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: A1- bone graft immersion in alendronate solution (3 mg/kg) for 5 minutes; P1- bone graft immersion in PTH solution (20 µg); A2- weekly local applications of alendronate 1 mg/kg; P2- weekly local applications of PTH (20 µg); C- no drugs were used. The animals were euthanized 60 days after surgery. Cranial bone blocks were removed for histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were used for immunolabeling. The kidneys, liver, and brain were also removed from all the rats for histological analysis. The data were submitted for statistical analysis with a level of significance of 0.05 (One-way ANOVA). The group C and group P2 presented a higher quantity of viable bone particles than the remaining groups. Groups A1, A2, and P1 presented with fewer viable bone particles than the control group, with a predominance of non-mineralized connective tissue. The histomorphometric analysis revealed no differences in relative bone area or MMP-2 or MMP-9 immunolabeling between the groups (p>0.05). Group A2 showed presence of fat in the liver consistent with hepatic steatosis. Changes in brain tissue were observed in groups A1 and P1.
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Giovanini AF, de Sousa Passoni GN, Göhringer I, Deliberador TM, Zielak JC, Storrer CLM, Costa-Casagrande TA, Scariot R. Prolonged use of alendronate alters the biology of cranial repair in estrogen-deficient rats' associated simultaneous immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β1+, α-ER+, and BMPR1B. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1959-1971. [PMID: 29197953 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES TGF-β1 is a cytokine that may induce both osteoneogenesis through Runx-2 or fibrosis via the transcription of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Because it has been previously known that alendronate increases the level of TGF-β1 and that under the usual condition of bone metabolism the estrogen may prevent the fibrotic effect of TGF-β1, the aim of this study was to evaluate if alendronate alters the cellular differentiation process post calvarial surgery in estrogen-deficient specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A transosseous defect that was 5 mm in diameter was created on the calvarium of each of 32 female rats with previous ovarian-salpingo-oophorectomy. All defects were treated with autografts, and 16 rats received the administration of 1 mg/kg of alendronate three times a week until euthanasia on the 15th and 60th day post surgery. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses of the expression of TGF-β1, estrogen receptor alpha nuclear (α-ER), α-SMA, BMPR1B, and Runx-2 were performed, and ELISA was used to measure the level of estrogen. RESULTS All animals demonstrated low levels of estrogen post ovarian-salpingo-oophorectomy. The histological results demonstrated larger bone matrix deposition in specimens treated with alendronate on the 15th day post surgery. The result was associated with a higher co-expression of TGF-β1, BMPR1B, and Runx-2 when compared with the control group. In addition, on the 60th day post surgery, the increase of bone matrix deposition from 15th to 60th day was discrete in specimens treated with alendronate compared with the control group. This result coincided with the intense simultaneous expression of TGF-β1, α-ER, and α-SMA, whereas the expression of BMPR1B and Runx-2 decreased. CONCLUSION The prolonged administration of alendronate altered the cranial repair in ovarian-salpingo-oophorectomized specimens due to the simultaneous occurrence of low estrogen and the presence of TGF-β1+/α-ER+ inducing the presence of α-SMA+, whereas BMPR1B and Runx-2 were suppressed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prolonged administration of alendronate alters osteoneogenesis and induces an unusual microenvironment in the bone that seems to imitate the physiological tissue damage that culminates in the loss of the functional layer of endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Fernando Giovanini
- Master Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, R Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil.
| | - Giuliene Nunes de Sousa Passoni
- Master Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, R Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Isabella Göhringer
- Master Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, R Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Miranda Deliberador
- Master Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, R Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - João Cesar Zielak
- Master Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, R Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Carmem Lucia Muller Storrer
- Master Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, R Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Thais Andrade Costa-Casagrande
- Master Program in Biotechnology, Positivo University , 5300, R Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, 81280-330, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Master Program in Clinical Dentistry, Positivo University, R Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-330, Brazil
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