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Hu J, Yu J, Liu H, Wang Z, Haapasalo M, Haney EF, Hancock REW, Deng S, Shen Y. Dynamic killing effectiveness of mouthrinses and a D-enantiomeric peptide on oral multispecies biofilms grown on dental restorative material surfaces. J Dent 2023; 134:104552. [PMID: 37201774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dynamics of killing of oral multispecies biofilms grown on dental restorative materials by commercially available mouthrinses and a D-enantiomeric peptide. METHODS Four composite resins (3M Supreme, 3M Supreme flow, Kerr Sonicfill, and Shofu Beautifil II) and one glass ionomer (GC Fuji II) were used as restorative materials. Plaque biofilms were grown on the surfaces of restorative material discs for 1 week. The surface roughness and biofilm attachment were assessed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. One-week-old biofilms grown anaerobically at 37°C were exposed to each of five solutions for one minute (twice daily for seven days): Listerine Total care and Paroex Gum mouthrinses, 0.12% chlorhexidine, 0.001% D-enantiomeric peptide DJK-5, and sterile water. The dynamic variation of the biovolume of the biofilms and the percentage of dead bacteria were monitored and analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS All restorative materials had similar surface roughness with intact biofilm attachment. The percentage of dead bacteria and biovolume of biofilms treated by each oral rinse solution remained constant between days 1 and 7, with no statistically significant difference. DJK-5 showed the highest percentage of dead bacteria (up to 75.7%; cf. ∼20-40% for other mouthrinses) of all solutions tested within 7 days. CONCLUSIONS DJK-5 outperformed conventional mouthrinses in killing bacteria in oral multispecies biofilms grown on dental restorative materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The antimicrobial peptide DJK-5 is effective against oral biofilms and serves as a promising candidate for the development of future mouthrinses to improve long-term oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jian Yu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Liu J, Huang Y, Lou X, Liu B, Liu W, An N, Wu R, Ouyang X. Effect of Pudilan Keyanning antibacterial mouthwash on dental plaque and gingival inflammation in patients during periodontal maintenance phase: study protocol for double-blind, randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048992. [PMID: 34728444 PMCID: PMC8565561 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plaque control plays a critical role in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. Antibacterial mouthwash is one of the most important tools for plaque control. Pudilan, including extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis root, Taraxacum mongolicum, Bunge corydalis herb and Isatis indigotica, was reported playing the role of anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial. However, its effect on dental plaque and periodontal inflammation remains unknown. We aimed to assess the efficacy of Pudilan Keyanning antibacterial mouthwash which contains the active essence of Pudilan and 0.03%-0.06% cetylpyridinium chloride, as well as Pudilan active essence for plaque control and gingival anti-inflammation in patients during periodontal maintenance phase. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial, a total of 120 participants during periodontal maintenance phase will be enrolled. After supragingival scaling, they will be randomly assigned into three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio: the Pudilan Keyanning antibacterial mouthwash group, a chlorhexidine acetate mouthwash (0.12%) group or a placebo group with mouthwash containing the same components as the Pudilan Keyanning mouthwash except for Pudilan active ingredients. They will rinse with mouthwash, respectively, two times per day for 6 weeks. Clinical parameters (such as plaque index, bleeding index) and the level of volatile sulfide in the breath will be measured and analysed. The subgingival plaque will be collected and analysed microbiologically. Questionnaire feedback will be analysed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol (V.4) was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology (Ethics Approval No. PKUSSIRB-201950153b). All participants signed a written consent form. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2000041253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhe Lou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Na An
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University, School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Paqué PN, Schmidlin PR, Wiedemeier DB, Wegehaupt FJ, Burrer PD, Körner P, Deari S, Sciotti MA, Attin T. Toothpastes with Enzymes Support Gum Health and Reduce Plaque Formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:835. [PMID: 33478112 PMCID: PMC7835853 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes in toothpastes can support host immune responses, and thus maintain oral health. This study aimed to investigate gingival health and the plaque-reducing effects of enzyme-containing toothpastes. A laboratory study tested the antimicrobial potential of different enzyme-containing toothpaste formulations. Two promising formulations (enzyme-containing toothpastes with glucose oxidase and D-glucose with (C+) and without Citrox (C-) Citrox) were investigated in a clinical crossover trial (two slurries: sodium lauryl sulfate-containing (SLS), a toothpaste without SLS (reference), and water). Subjects (n = 20) abstained from toothbrushing for four days and rinsed with a toothpaste slurry. Bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque indices (PI) were measured. A mixed linear model was used to statistically compare the slurries with respect to BOP and PI change. The in vitro bacterial growth-inhibiting evaluation showed the best results for SLS, followed by C+ and C-. The change in BOP and PI exhibited statistically significant differences to water rinsing (BOP; PI changes in % points (difference of the baseline and post-rinse values: water = 8.8%; 90.0%; C+ = -1.4%; 80.4%; SLS = 1.5%; 72.1%; reference = 0.8%; 77.5%; C- = -1.8%; 75.1%). All slurries exhibited anti-gingivitis and anti-plaque effects, resulting in a prophylactic benefit for limited-access regions during brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pune N. Paqué
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Daniel B. Wiedemeier
- Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Florian J. Wegehaupt
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Phoebe D. Burrer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Philipp Körner
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Shengjile Deari
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
| | - Michel-Angelo Sciotti
- School of Life Sciences, Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences Northern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (P.R.S.); (F.J.W.); (P.D.B.); (P.K.); (S.D.); (T.A.)
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Martins ML, Monteiro ASN, Guimarães JEC, Guimarães MBDCT, da Silva RF, Cabral LM, Farah A, dePaula J, Romanos MTV, Maia LC, Cavalcanti YW, Fonseca-Gonçalves A. Cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of a red propolis mouthwash, with or without fluoride, on the growth of a cariogenic biofilm. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 107:104512. [PMID: 31382160 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluatein vitro the antibacterial activity, the antibiofilm effect and the cytotoxic potential of mouthwashes containing Brazilian red propolis with or without fluoride. METHODS The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, S. salivarius and L. casei were determined for RPE mouthwashes. A cariogenic biofilm with the aforementioned bacteria was formed over cellulose membrane disks (N = 30, 13 mm), which were submitted for 1 min to the following mouthwashes: plain mouthwash base; 0.05% NaF; 0.8% RPE; 0.8% RPE + 0.05% NaF and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX). The bacterial viability and the production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) were measured. Cytotoxic potential of the mouthwashes was also evaluated. For bacterial viability and EPS production, Mann-Withney and one-way ANOVA tests were performed followed by Tukey, with results considered significant when p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS MIC and MBC values of RPE mouthwashes ranged from 7.44 to 29.76 mg/mL and from 7.44 to ≥59.52 mg/mL, respectively, presenting better action against S. salivarius. RPE mouthwashes showed 44% of viable cells after 1 min of contact with fibroblasts. RPE (7.74) had the greatest reduction of viable total microorganisms and did not differ from the RPE + NaF (7.95) (p = 0.292). CHX (7.54) was the most effective in reducing Streptococcus spp, but did not differ from RPE (p = 0.521) and RPE + NaF (p = 0.238). There was no difference between the treatments regarding EPS production. CONCLUSION RPE and RPE + NaF mouthwash showed similar antibacterial activity, toxicity level and antibiofilm effect compared to CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Leonel Martins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souza Nunes Monteiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juli Emily Costa Guimarães
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Farah
- Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana dePaula
- Institute of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Andréa Fonseca-Gonçalves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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