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Umaña JAF, Parra RBDR, Martínez RUM, Martínez NB, Luna PIG, Morán Martínez J. DNA fragmentation of lymphocytes and sperm cells induced by nickel released from orthodontic archwires: A preliminary study. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:539-545. [PMID: 38960669 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Orthodontic brackets and archwires placed intraorally are subject to corrosion, leading to the release of cytotoxic metal ions. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of orthodontic NiTi archwires increases systemic Ni levels and cause alterations on the DNA of cells unrelated to the oral environment such as lymphocytes and sperm cells. Human urine, semen and blood samples were collected before (baseline) sham placement of orthodontic archwires and 15 and 30 days after placement. Lymphocytes and sperm cells cells were evaluated by comet assay. Ni concentration levels in urine increased significantly between baseline and 15 days (p<0.01) and 15 and 30 days of exposure (p<0.01). Progressive decrease in sperm viability and motility was observed between the sampling periods. Lymphocytes and sperm cells showed DNA fragmentation. The increase in systemic concentration of nickel induced structural damage in the DNA of lymphocytes and human sperm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadia Betancourt Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila
| | | | - Javier Morán Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila
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Souza DVD, Takeshita WM, Castro GMD, Renno ACM, Santos JND, Ribeiro DA. The use of micronucleus assay in exfoliated oral cells in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e116. [PMID: 37970936 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate published papers regarding the micronucleus assay in oral mucosal cells of patients undergoing orthodontic therapy (OT). A search of the scientific literature was made in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for all data published until November, 2021 using the combination of the following keywords: "fixed orthodontic therapy," "genetic damage", "DNA damage," "genotoxicity", "mutagenicity", "buccal cells", "oral mucosa cells," and "micronucleus assay". The systematic review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Nine studies were retrieved. Some authors demonstrated that OT induces cytogenetic damage in oral mucosal cells. Out of the nine studies included, two were classified as strong, five as moderate, and two as weak, according to the quality assessment components of the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP). Meta-analysis data revealed no relationship between mutagenicity in oral cells and OT in different months of treatment. At one month, the SMD = 0.65 and p = 0.08; after three months of OT, the SMD = 1.21 and p = 0.07; and after six months of OT, the SMD = 0.56 and p = 0.11. In the analyzed months of OT, I2 values were >75%, indicating high heterogeneity. In summary, this review was not able to demonstrate that OT induces genetic damage in oral cells. The study is important for the protection of patients undergoing fixed OT, given that mutagenesis participates in the multi-step process of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Biosciences, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucia Monteiro de Castro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Biosciences, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Biosciences, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Therapeutics, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Unifesp, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Biosciences, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Angeles-Estrada L, Pérez-Soto E, Pérez-Vielma NM, Gómez-López M, Sánchez-Monroy V. Oxidative stress and genotoxicity in oral epithelial cells from subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4225-4231. [PMID: 37198285 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on oxidative stress (OS) and genotoxicity from oral epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of oral epithelial cells were obtained from fifty-one healthy voluntary subjects who had an indication for orthodontic treatment. The samples were obtained before treatment and after 6 and 9 months of treatment. OS was evaluated by quantitating 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and by performing relative gene expression with antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). DNA degradation and instability were evaluated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragment analysis for human identification. RESULTS The quantitation results showed that 8-OHdG increased during treatment, although this increase was not statistically significant. SOD increased by 2.5- and 2.6-fold after 6 and 9 months of treatment, respectively. CAT increased by threefold after 6 months of treatment, while after 9 months of treatment, the expression level decreased to a level similar to that before treatment. DNA degradation was found in 8% and 12% of DNA samples after 6 and 9 months of treatment, respectively, while DNA instability was detected in only 2% and 8% of DNA samples after 6 and 9 months of treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that OS and genotoxicity slightly changed after treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance; in addition, a biological adaptation response to the treatment may occur after 6 months. CLINICAL RELEVANCE OS and genotoxicity in the buccal cavity are risk factors for oral and systemic diseases. This risk may be reduced through antioxidant supplementation, by using thermoplastic materials, or by reducing the orthodontic treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Angeles-Estrada
- Unidad de Especialidades Odontológicas, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, México City, Estado de México, México
| | - Elvia Pérez-Soto
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nadia Mabel Pérez-Vielma
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tomás, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Modesto Gómez-López
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de san Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP11340, México
| | - Virginia Sánchez-Monroy
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de san Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP11340, México.
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Carrillo-Novia I, Lara-Carrillo E, Torres-Bugarin O, Morales-Valenzuela AA, Salmerón-Valdés EN, Hegazy-Hassan W, Velázquez-Enríquez U, Toral-Rizo VH. Use of liquid-based cytology samples reveals genomic instability and cell death in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. J Oral Sci 2023; 65:24-28. [PMID: 36529513 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the use of liquid-based exfoliative cytology to determine the presence of genomic instability and cell death in the oral mucosa of patients with orthodontic appliances. METHODS Fifty-four oral mucosa samples were collected from 18 patients and divided into three stages: T0, before fixation of orthodontic appliances; T1, 25 days after appliance fixation; T2, 90 days after appliance fixation. All samples were Papanicolaou-stained and observed by microscopy (1,000 cells/sample) to ascertain the frequency of micronucleated cells (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (nuclear buds (NB), binucleated (BN), condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KR), and karyolysis (KL)). Differences were analyzed statistically using the Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and chi-squared tests. RESULTS After placement of orthodontic appliances, significant differences were observed for genomic instability biomarkers (MN and NB) and cell death (CC, KR and KL) (P < 0.05). Female patients and older patients exhibited a higher frequency of MN. CONCLUSION Liquid-based cytology has revealed that orthodontic appliances induce genomic instability and cell death in epithelial tissue of the oral mucosa, facilitating sample preservation and yielding more than one preparation per sample. Future studies should investigate whether such cell damage can be reversed through cell repair or whether cell alterations evolve and lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Carrillo-Novia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Research on Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata", School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
| | - Edith Lara-Carrillo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Research on Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata", School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
| | - Olivia Torres-Bugarin
- Genotoxic Evaluation Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara
| | - Adriana A Morales-Valenzuela
- Center for Advanced Studies and Research on Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata", School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
| | - Elías N Salmerón-Valdés
- Center for Advanced Studies and Research on Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata", School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
| | - Wael Hegazy-Hassan
- Center for Advanced Studies and Research on Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata", School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
| | - Ulises Velázquez-Enríquez
- Center for Advanced Studies and Research on Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata", School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
| | - Víctor H Toral-Rizo
- Center for Advanced Studies and Research on Dentistry "Dr. Keisaburo Miyata", School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
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Metal Release and Surface Degradation of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during the Dental Levelling and Aligning Phase: A 12-Week Study. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is twofold: (i) to assess the salivary nickel, chromium, and iron concentrations and (ii) to characterize the surface microstructure of the typical commercially available Ni-containing metallic appliances during the first 12-week orthodontic treatment period. A total of 85 unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients before treatment, after 2 days, and after 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Salivary ion concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) software. The recorded mean metal concentrations were in the ranges of 132–175 µg/L for Ni, 171–192 µg/L for Cr, and 826–1023 µg/L for Fe. No statistically significant variations were observed between the different study times, and the null hypothesis (the concentrations of metallic ions in patients’ saliva did not significantly change after the placement of the orthodontic appliances) was accepted (p > 0.05). Mean salivary metallic ions were below toxic levels, and no adverse clinical reactions were registered. The intraoral surface degradation of the fixed components was corroborated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Microstructural analysis after complete orthodontic procedure confirmed different corrosion types, from pitting to biocorrosion.
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In Vitro Determination of Genotoxicity Induced by Brackets Alloys in Cultures of Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:1467456. [PMID: 33488703 PMCID: PMC7787846 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1467456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic brackets release ions that can be reabsorbed in the oral mucosa, potentially causing complications, including cytotoxic effects and mutagenic alterations. The aim was to evaluate the genotoxicity induced by orthodontic appliance alloys in cultures of human gingival fibroblasts by comet assay. Eluates were obtained from the following brackets alloys: EconoLine (SS: stainless steel), MiniMirage (Ni-Ti: nickel-titanium), Nu-Edge (Co-Cr: cobalt-chromium), In-Vu (PC-polycrystals (PC) aluminum oxide), and Monocrystal IZE (monocrystalline (MC) aluminum oxide). Each bracket was sterilized and exposed to a corrosive process for 35 days. The obtained eluates were tested for genotoxicity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFA) by the alkaline comet assay. All study groups showed genotoxic effects; there was a significant difference (p < 0.0001) among groups. The eluates obtained from Ni-Ti showed a 16-times greater genotoxic effect. There were differences in genotoxicity after comparing the Ni-Ti with SS (p < 0.01) and Co-Cr brackets (p < 0.001). The ceramic was more genotoxic than metallic brackets (SS and Co-Cr), but less than the Ni-Ti. This in vitro model will be useful for further study of early DNA damage caused by brackets and other biomaterials used in the oral cavity before their introduction into the clinical setting.
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Mosaico G, Viganò L, Orrù G, Casu C. Healing without Surgery: A Case of Supernumerary Tooth,. Open Dent J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Supernumerary teeth are present in 0,2-3% of the population. Multiple supernumeraries are often associated with syndromes such as cleidocranial dysplasia and Gardner's syndrome. They often hinder the permanent eruption’s teeth, causing cavities, periodontal lesions, pulp necrosis, and in some cases follicular cysts. Reactive lesions such as fibroma, local fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, and peripheral ossifying fibroma are frequent gingival lesions.
Materials and Methods:
We reported a case of a 9 years old patient with the missed eruption of a permanent element caused by a supernumerary tooth, associated with an exophytic palatine lesion. The deciduous incisor was still present and the supernumerary included. It was decided to proceed with the extraction of the deciduous and to wait for scheduling checks every two months. After a few months, the conoid shape supernumerary tooth erupted in the maxillary arch, so a fixed orthodontic therapy was performed to create the space for the central incisor’s eruption.
Results:
After a few months, the tooth began to erupt in the arch thanks to orthodontic traction. The patient was instructed to correct and specific oral hygiene maneuvers to lower the plaque index and try to reduce gingival hypertrophy.
Conclusion:
Supernumerary teeth often hinder the eruption and development of the related permanent tooth causing localized periodontal problems. Corrective fixed orthodontics requires more strict oral hygiene to avoid periodontal complications.
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