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Hong JW, Yu Y, Wang LS, Li Z, Zhang R, Wang Q, Ding Z, Zhang JP, Zhang MR, Xu LC. BMP4 Regulates EMT to be Involved in non-Syndromic Cleft lip With or Without Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023; 60:1462-1473. [PMID: 35702016 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221105762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the previous study, we identified bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) responsible for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P). We aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of BMP4 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through Smad1 signaling pathway to be involved in NSCL/P. METHODS The human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells (KBs) were transfected with plasmids or small interfering RNA (siRNA) to build the models. The migration of the cells was evaluated by transwell assay. Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expressions of BMP4, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, EMT-related transcription factors snal1 and snal2, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, Smad1, and phosphorylated Smad1. RESULTS In the overexpression group, the migration number of cells was increased significantly. The protein expression of E-cadherin was decreased significantly, while the protein expression level of the N-cadherin was increased significantly. The protein and mRNA expressions of MMP2, MMP9, snal1, and snal2 were significantly higher. The expression level of Smad1 was not significantly changed, while the phosphorylation of Smad1 was significantly increased. In the BMP4-siRNA group, the migrating number cells was significantly decreased. The protein expression of E-cadherin was increased significantly, while the expression of N-cadherin was significantly decreased. The protein and mRNA expressions of MMP2, MMP9, snal1, and snal2 were significantly lower than that of the control group. The expressions of Smad1 and phosphorylation of Smad1 were not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS BMP4 enhances cell migration and promotes cell EMT through Smad1 signaling pathway. Abnormal BMP4 mediates migration and EMT through other relevant signaling pathways resulting in NSCL/P. The study provides new insight into the mechanisms of NSCL/P associated with BMP4.n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Hong
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Shan Wang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Chun Xu
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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Secondary Genome-Wide Association Study Using Novel Analytical Strategies Disentangle Genetic Components of Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate in 1q32.2. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111280. [PMID: 33137956 PMCID: PMC7693579 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial cleft (OFC) is one of the most prevalent birth defects, leading to substantial and long-term burdens in a newborn's quality of life. Although studies revealed several genetic variants associated with the birth defect, novel approaches may provide additional clues about its etiology. Using the Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics project data (n = 10,542), we performed linear mixed-model analyses to study the genetic compositions of OFC and investigated the dependence among identified loci using conditional analyses. To identify genes associated with OFC, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) based on predicted expression levels. In addition to confirming the previous findings at four loci, 1q32.2, 8q24, 2p24.2 and 17p13.1, we untwined two independent loci at 1q32.2, TRAF3IP3 and IRF6. The sentinel SNP in TRAF3IP3 (rs2235370, p-value = 5.15 × 10-9) was independent of the sentinel SNP at IRF6 (rs2235373, r2 < 0.3). We found that the IRF6 effect became nonsignificant once the 8q24 effect was conditioned, while the TRAF3IP3 effect remained significant. Furthermore, we identified nine genes associated with OFC in TWAS, implicating a glutathione synthesis and drug detoxification pathway. We identified some meaningful additions to the OFC etiology using novel statistical methods in the existing data.
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Zhou YL, Zhu WC, Shi B, Jia ZL. [Association between platelet-derived growth factor-C single nucleotide polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Western Chinese population]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:364-370. [PMID: 32865352 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely, rs4691383 and rs7667857, in the platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) gene, the genotypes, environmental exposure factors, and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Western Chinese population. METHODS A total of 268 case-parent trios were selected, and two SNPs (rs4691383 andrs7667857) were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphic method and direct sequencing method. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibrium test, transmission disequilibrium test, and haplotype analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Meanwhile, the questionnaires on the epidemiology of cleft lip and palate filled by the included samples were collected, and the interaction between the genotypes of the two SNPs and environmental exposure factors was assessed by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The A allele at rs4691383 and the G allele at rs7667857 of PDGF-C gene were over-transmitted for NSCL/P (P<0.05). No interaction effect was observed between the three environmental exposure factors (history of smoking/passive smoking, folic acid supplementation, and long-term inhalation of harmful environmental gases) and the PDGF-C genotypes among NSCL/P (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The rs4691383 and rs7667857 at PDGF-C gene are closely related to the occurrence of NSCL/P in Western Chinese population. However, the interaction between environmental exposure factors and PDGF-C genotypes is not obvious in the occurrence of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen-Chao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Xu Y, Xie B, Shi J, Li J, Zhou C, Lu W, Xu F, He F. Distinct Expression of miR-378 in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate: A Cogitation of Skewed Sex Ratio in Prevalence. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:61-71. [PMID: 32580581 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620935364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (NSCL/P) is an isolated phenotype of orofacial clefts with skewed sex ratio in prevalence. This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs (DEMs) of NSCL/P by integrated bioinformatics analysis, revealing mechanisms for sexual dimorphism in prevalence. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we downloaded the expression profile data from Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify DEGs and DEMs. Second, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses performed DEGs' functions. Then, clustered DEGs were identified through protein-protein interaction networks. Combining clustered DEGs with key genes searched in GeneCards enlarged NSCL/P-related genes. Moreover, the genes were linked by transcription factors (TFs). Subsequently, connected by the above TFs, DEMs and genes were used to establish the miRNA-TF-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory networks. RESULTS The DEGs in sex-ignored group, female-only group, and male-only group were obtained, respectively. Among the DEMs, miR-378 was downregulated in females but upregulated in males. In female-only group, the miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory networks showed miR-378-SP1-POLE2/CDK6/EZR regulatory axis was found to be key candidates of NSCL/P. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that different expression of miR-378 is consistent with the skewed sex ratio in the prevalence of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzi Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, 56660Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Palmieri A, Scapoli L, Carrozzo M, Cura F, Morselli PG, Pannuto L, Nouri N, Carinci F, Lauritano D, Martinelli M. ROCK1 is associated with non-syndromic cleft palate. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 49:164-168. [PMID: 31715657 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniofacial morphogenesis is the result of an intricate multistep network of tightly controlled spatial and temporal signalling that involves several molecules and transcription factors organized into highly coordinated pathways. Any alteration in even one step of this delicate process can lead to congenital malformations such as cleft palate. One of the first steps in embryonal orofacial development is the migration of cells from the neural crests to the branchial arches. Next, the cells have to proliferate, differentiate, move and connect to each other in order to correctly form the palate. Cell contraction, promoted by the interaction of non-muscle myosin II and actin A, is a crucial step in morphogenesis and is regulated by ROCK1 protein. METHODS A family-based association study was carried out in order to verify whether or not genetic variants of ROCK1 were associated with non-syndromic cleft palate (nsCP). Two cohorts from Italy and Iran, a total of 189 nsCP cases and their parents were enrolled. RESULTS The rs35996865-G allele was under-transmitted in cases of nsCP [P = .006, odds ratio (OR) = 0.63 (95% CI 0.45-0.88)]. CONCLUSION This investigation reveals for the first time data supporting a role for ROCK1 in nsCP aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Carrozzo
- School of Dental Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Francesca Cura
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Giovanni Morselli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Bologna Sant'Orsola Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Pannuto
- Plastic Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Bologna Sant'Orsola Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nayereh Nouri
- Craniofacial and Cleft Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre of Neuroscience of Milan, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Scapoli L, Carinci F, Palmieri A, Cura F, Baj A, Beltramini G, Docimo R, Martinelli M. Copy number variation analysis of twin pairs discordant for cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419855873. [PMID: 31663445 PMCID: PMC6822181 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419855873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is a frequent orofacial malformation. The comparison of concordance rate observed in monozygotic and dizygotic twins supports high level of heritability and a strong genetic component. However, phenotype concordance for orofacial cleft in monozygotic twins is about 50%. The aim of the present investigation was to detect postzygotic events that may account for discordance in monozygotic twins. High-density SNP microarrays hybridization was used to genotype two pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for nsCL/P. Discordant SNP genotypes and copy number variants were analyzed to identify genetic differences responsible of phenotype discrepancy. A number of differences were observed, none involving known nsCL/P candidate genes or genomic regions. Considering the limitation of the study, related to the small sample size and to the large-scale investigation method, the results suggest that the detection of discordant events in other monozygotic twin pairs would be remarkable and warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Palmieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Cura
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Baj
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Beltramini
- Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Docimo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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