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Maher YA, Rajeh MT, Hamooda FA, Zerain GO, Habis RM, Sulaimani RH, Albar ST, H Ali FM, Abdelaleem NA. Evaluation of the clinical impact and In Vitro antibacterial activities of two bioactive restoratives against S. mutans ATCC 25175 in class II carious restorations. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:404-411. [PMID: 37203103 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_406_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive opportunistic bacterial pathogen and that causes dental caries and then restorative treatment remains the best clinical practice approach to repair and prevent dental caries. Aims This study compared the antimicrobial performance of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC) and ACTIVA restoratives by evaluating the S. mutans count, pH levels, and plaque index (PI) scores before and on the 7th day of restoration, and then determined the antimicrobial activities against S. mutans ATCC 25175 in both restoratives in vitro. Materials and Methods Seventy-eight eligible Saudi female participants, with class II carious lesions, were randomly distributed into RM-GIC and ACTIVA restorative groups. We evaluated the S. mutans count by the serial dilution technique and salivary pH by using a portable pH meter. The PI scores were determined by Silness-Löe method and the antibacterial activity by the agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis of normality distribution was performed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the difference between groups was an analysis by paired t-test. In addition, the independent sample was compared with the independent samples t-test. Results Both groups reduced the S. mutans count, pH acidity, and PI scores, and this reduction was statistically significant on the 7th day of restoration (P < 0.05), preference for ACTIVA. The in vitro antibacterial activity against S. mutans ATCC 25175 showed a non-significant difference between both bioactive restorative materials (P < 0.05). Conclusion The novel application of ACTIVA restorative material is a promising option for patients at risk of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Maher
- Department of Basic Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry - Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M T Rajeh
- Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Hamooda
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - G O Zerain
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R M Habis
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R H Sulaimani
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S T Albar
- Dental Intern, Collage of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - F M H Ali
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N A Abdelaleem
- Department of Conservative and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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White Spot Lesions (WSLs)-Post-Orthodontic Occurrence, Management and Treatment Alternatives: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051908. [PMID: 36902696 PMCID: PMC10003622 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although treatment with fixed or mobile appliances has become an important part of modern orthodontics, side effects such as white spot lesions (WSLs) have a negative impact on the aesthetic outcome of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this article was to review current evidence on the diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, management and post-orthodontic treatment of these lesions. Data collection was performed electronically, and the initial search using the keywords "white spot lesions", "orthodontics", "WSL", "enamel" and "demineralization" in different combinations resulted in 1032 articles for the two electronic databases used. Ultimately, a total of 47 manuscripts were considered relevant to the aim of this research and included in this review. The results of the review indicate that WSLs remain a significant problem during orthodontic treatment. According to studies in the literature, the severity of WSLs correlates to the duration of treatment. Using toothpaste with more than 1000 ppm fluoride at home reduces the frequency of WSL separation and regular application of varnishes in the office reduces the frequency of the occurrence of WSLs only in the context of maintaining a strict hygiene regime. The old hypothesis that elastomeric ligatures retain more dental plaque than metal ones has been refuted. There are no differences in the appearance of WSLs between conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets. Clear aligner mobile devices develop fewer WSLs but are more extensive as opposed to conventional fixed devices, while lingual orthodontic appliances have a lower incidence of WSLs, and the most effective device for preventing these lesions is WIN, followed by Incognito.
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Chevitarese AB, Leite KLDF, Dutra PB, Pithon MM, Faria LCM, Ruellas ACDO. Effect of an aqueous 4% titanium tetrafluoride solution on preventing caries in orthodontic patients: a controlled clinical trial. Dental Press J Orthod 2023; 28:e2321304. [PMID: 37018831 PMCID: PMC10069748 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.1.e2321304.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) is a fluoride compound that, when is applied over enamel, promotes a protection against demineralization through a titanium dioxide (TiO2) acid-resistant coat. OBJECTIVES This study sought to verify the hypothesis that a single application of 4% TiF4 increases the resistance of enamel to dental demineralization in orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This controlled clinical trial followed CONSORT guidelines and investigated the prevention of enamel demineralization, fluoride retention, and the presence of a Ti layer after TiF4 application on banded teeth exposed to clinical cariogenic biofilm. Forty premolars were divided into a control group (CG; n = 20) and a test group (TG; n = 20). Teeth from both groups received prophylaxis and orthodontic bands with a cariogenic locus. In the TG, all teeth additionally underwent aqueous 4% TiF4 solution application after prophylaxis before being banded. After one month, teeth from both groups were extracted and prepared to assess the microhardness, fluoride retention, and evaluation of the Ti coating over the enamel surface. All data were analyzed with a paired Student's t-test (p<0.05). RESULTS Enamel microhardness and fluoride uptake were higher in TG than in CG, while the Ti layer could be seen over TG teeth that received TiF4 application. CONCLUSION Under clinical circumstances, the 4% aqueous TiF4 solution was effective in preventing enamel mineral loss through increasing the enamel resistance to dental demineralization, enhancing its microhardness and fluoride uptake, and forming a Ti coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Chevitarese
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontologia Pediátrica (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Karla Lorene de França Leite
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontologia Pediátrica (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Paulo Bechara Dutra
- Instituto de Química Analítica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio do Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
| | - Matheus Melo Pithon
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontologia Pediátrica (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
- Universidade do Sudeste da Bahia, Departamento de Ortodontia (Jequié/BA, Brazil)
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia Faria
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ortodontia e Odontologia Pediátrica (Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil)
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Chevitarese AB, França Leite KLD, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Masterson D, Pithon M, Maia LC. What is the effectiveness of titanium tetrafluoride to prevent or treat dental caries and tooth erosion? A systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:441-456. [PMID: 35147483 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2022.2032329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Answer the question: What is the effectiveness of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) when compared to other fluorides, placebo solution or a negative control to prevent or treat dental caries and tooth erosion? MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. In vivo and in situ studies that used TiF4 over enamel or dentine were included. Electronic searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, WOS, Cochrane Library, VLH, Clinical Trials and OpenGrey. Risk of bias (ROB) assessments used RoB2 and ROBINS-I for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs and on-RCTs); Syrcle's ROB tool for animal studies; and a modified tool proposed by Hollanders for in situ studies. RESULTS A total of 28 studies met the eligibility criteria. From these, 6 were in humans (3 RCT and 3 Non-RCT); 4 were in animals and 18 were in situ. For in vivo studies, all RCTs have some concerns related to ROB and all of the non-RCT studies were classified as with serious risk. One animal study had a low and three a high ROB. Regarding in situ studies, seven had a low, ten had an average and only one had a high ROB. The certainty of the evidence (GRADE) ranged from moderate to very low. CONCLUSIONS Although most of the results suggest a positive effect of TiF4 on the prevention and treatment of caries and dental erosion, it is not possible to have definitive conclusions due to the high studies' methodological heterogeneity, and the low quality of evidence for most outcomes. REGISTRATION The protocol of this syste. atic review was registered in the OPEN SCIENCE FRAMEWORK database (osf.io/6dgs9) DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/KUZA7 on 6 August 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Chevitarese
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karla Lorene de França Leite
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guido A. Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle Masterson
- Central Library of the Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Pithon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Roberts WE, Mangum JE, Schneider PM. Pathophysiology of Demineralization, Part II: Enamel White Spots, Cavitated Caries, and Bone Infection. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:106-119. [PMID: 35156182 PMCID: PMC8930953 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Compare noninfectious (part I) to infectious (part II) demineralization of bones and teeth. Evaluate similarities and differences in the expression of hard tissue degradation for the two most common chronic demineralization diseases: osteoporosis and dental caries. RECENT FINDINGS The physiology of demineralization is similar for the sterile skeleton compared to the septic dentition. Superimposing the pathologic variable of infection reveals a unique pathophysiology for dental caries. Mineralized tissues are compromised by microdamage, demineralization, and infection. Osseous tissues remodel (turnover) to maintain structural integrity, but the heavily loaded dentition does not turnover so it is ultimately at risk of collapse. A carious tooth is a potential vector for periapical infection that may be life-threatening. Insipient caries is initiated as a subsurface decalcification in enamel that is not detectable until a depth of ~400μm when it becomes visible as a white spot. Reliable detection and remineralization of invisible caries would advance cost-effective wellness worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Eugene Roberts
- American Board of Orthodontics, Indiana University & Purdue University at Indianapolis, 8260 Skipjack Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46236 USA
| | - Jonathan E. Mangum
- Translational Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Corner Grattan Street and Royal Parade, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Paul M. Schneider
- American Board of Orthodontics, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
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Chevitarese AB, Leite KLDF, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Masterson D, Vicente-Gomila JM, Gonçalves AF, Pitton M, Maia LC. Research Trends on Preventive and Therapeutic Use of TIF4 for Dental Caries and Erosion. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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Souza BMD, Silva MDS, Braga AS, Santos DMSD, Carvalho TDS, Santos NMD, Rios D, Buzalaf MAR, Magalhães AC. Acceptability and effect of TiF4 on dental caries: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e121. [PMID: 34878076 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized three-armed controlled clinical trial compared the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) and sodium fluoride (NaF) varnishes on caries control in smooth surfaces of permanent dentition and children's acceptability. Sixty children (6-8 y/o) were randomly divided into TiF4 (2.45% F-), NaF (2.26% F-) or placebo (control) groups. Varnishes were applied on permanent teeth once a week for the first 4 weeks and after the 6th and 12th months of the study. The variables were as follows: International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores, quantitative fluorescence changes, visual plaque index (VPI) and degree of acceptability. Two-way RM-ANOVA, ANOVA/Tukey and χ2 tests were performed (p < 0.05). No differences were found between the treatments with respect to ICDAS scores (p = 0.32). Only TiF4 reduced the mean fluorescence loss significantly at 18 months compared to the baseline (p = 0.003). TiF4 showed a lower percentage of new caries lesions by tooth surface than the placebo, while NaF did not induce such a change (p < 0.014). Regardless of the treatment, more than 95% of the participants reported being satisfied. For all groups, the VPI decreased significantly at 3 months compared to the baseline value (p < 0.001), with no differences between the treatments (p = 0.17). TiF4 had a similar ability to control caries lesions as NaF; however, only TiF4 differed from the placebo (p = 0.004). The acceptability of TiF4 varnish was similar to that of NaF varnish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martines de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara de Souza Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Braga
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thamyris de Souza Carvalho
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Mello Dos Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontic and Public Health, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rios
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontic and Public Health, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Vertuan M, da Silva JF, Braga AS, de Souza BM, Magalhães AC. Effect of TiF 4/NaF and chitosan solutions on biofilm formation and prevention of dentin demineralization. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105275. [PMID: 34619414 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of experimental solutions containing TiF4/NaF and chitosan on bacterial species of microcosm biofilm and on dentin demineralization. DESIGN Microcosm biofilm was produced from human saliva mixed with McBain medium (0.2% sucrose) on bovine dentin for 5 days, under 5% CO2 and 37 °C. From the 2nd day to 5th day, the treatments were applied (1×60s/day) as following: (1) NaF (500 ppm F-, positive control); (2) TiF4 and NaF (TiF4: 190 ppm Ti4+ and 300 ppm F-; NaF: 190 ppm F-); (3) similar to 2 plus 0.5% chitosan (Ch 500 mPa.s, 75% deacetylation); (4) phosphate buffer solution (negative control); and (5) 0.5% chitosan (Ch 500 mPa.s, 75% deacetylation). CFU counting was performed for total microorganism, total streptococci, total lactobacilli and mutans streptococci. Dentin demineralization was measured by transverse microradiography-TMR. The data were compared using ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS No differences were found between the treatments with respect to CFU counting (p > 0.05). Dentin treated with TiF4/NaF plus chitosan solution presented the lowest demineralization compared to the negative control and pure chitosan solution. On the other hand, this experimental solution did not significantly differ from TiF4/NaF solution, being both able to significantly reduce mineral loss. CONCLUSION TiF4/NaF plus chitosan solution, at suitable pH to be clinically applicable, had no antimicrobial effect, but it was able to reduce dentin caries development under this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Vertuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Júlia França da Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Silva Braga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Martines de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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The Current Strategies in Controlling Oral Diseases by Herbal and Chemical Materials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3423001. [PMID: 34471415 PMCID: PMC8405301 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3423001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dental plaque is a biofilm composed of complex microbial communities. It is the main cause of major dental diseases such as caries and periodontal diseases. In a healthy state, there is a delicate balance between the dental biofilm and host tissues. Nevertheless, due to the oral cavity changes, this biofilm can become pathogenic. The pathogenic biofilm shifts the balance from demineralization-remineralization to demineralization and results in dental caries. Dentists should consider caries as a result of biological processes of dental plaque and seek treatments for the etiologic factors, not merely look for the treatment of the outcome caused by biofilm, i.e., dental caries. Caries prevention strategies can be classified into three groups based on the role and responsibility of the individuals doing them: (1) community-based strategy, (2) dental professionals-based strategy, and (3) individual-based strategy. The community-based methods include fluoridation of water, salt, and milk. The dental professionals-based methods include professional tooth cleaning and use of varnish, fluoride gel and foam, fissure sealant, and antimicrobial agents. The individual-based (self-care) methods include the use of fluoride toothpaste, fluoride supplements, fluoride mouthwashes, fluoride gels, chlorhexidine gels and mouthwashes, slow-release fluoride devices, oral hygiene, diet control, and noncariogenic sweeteners such as xylitol. This study aimed to study the research in the recent five years (2015–2020) to identify the characteristics of dental biofilm and its role in dental caries and explore the employed approaches to prevent the related infections.
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Vertuan M, Machado PF, de Souza BM, Braga AS, Magalhães AC. Effect of TiF 4/NaF and chitosan solutions on the development of enamel caries under a microcosm biofilm model. J Dent 2021; 111:103732. [PMID: 34174348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of experimental solutions containing TiF4/NaF and chitosan on bacterial species and on enamel caries prevention. METHODS Microcosm biofilm was produced from human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (0.2% sucrose) on bovine enamel for five days, under 5% CO2 and 37 °C. From the second day until the end, the treatments were applied (1 × 60 s/day): (1) NaF (500 ppm F-, positive control); (2) TiF4 and NaF (TiF4: 190 ppm Ti4+ and 300 ppm F-; NaF: 190 ppm F-); (3) similar to 2 plus 0.5% chitosan (Ch 500 mPas, 75% deacetylation); (4) phosphate buffer solution (negative control); and (5) 0.5% chitosan (Ch 500 mPas, 75% deacetylation). CFU counting was performed for total microorganism, total streptococcus, total lactobacillus and Streptococcus mutans. Enamel demineralization was measured by transverse microradiography-TMR. The data were compared using ANOVA/Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (p < .050). RESULTS No differences were found between the treatments with respect to CFU counting (ANOVA, p > .050). Enamel treated with TiF4/NaF plus chitosan solution presented the lowest demineralization compared to the negative control and pure chitosan solution. On the other hand, this experimental solution did not significantly differ from TiF4/NaF and NaF solutions, being all of them able to significantly reduce mineral loss (50-74%), but only TiF4/NaF plus chitosan reduced lesion depth (55%) compared to the negative control (p = .001). CONCLUSION TiF4/NaF plus chitosan solution had no antimicrobial effect, but it was able to reduce enamel caries development in 79% compared to control under this model. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that TiF4/NaF plus chitosan solution had no antimicrobial effect, but it was able to reduce enamel caries development under a microcosm biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Vertuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru-SP, Zip code: 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Paula Fontana Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru-SP, Zip code: 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Martines de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru-SP, Zip code: 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Braga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru-SP, Zip code: 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru-SP, Zip code: 17012-901, Brazil.
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Nagendrababu V, Kishen A, Murray PE, Nekoofar MH, de Figueiredo JAP, Priya E, Jayaraman J, Pulikkotil SJ, Jakovljevic A, Dummer PMH. PRIASE 2021 guidelines for reporting animal studies in Endodontology: explanation and elaboration. Int Endod J 2021; 54:858-886. [PMID: 33492704 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laws and ethics require that before conducting human clinical trials, a new material, device or drug may have to undergo testing in animals in order to minimize health risks to humans, unless suitable supporting grandfather data already exist. The Preferred Reporting Items for Animal Studies in Endodontology (PRIASE) 2021 guidelines were developed exclusively for the specialty of Endodontology by integrating and adapting the ARRIVE (Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments) guidelines and the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles using a validated consensus-based methodology. Implementation of the PRIASE 2021 guidelines will reduce potential sources of bias and thus improve the quality, accuracy, reproducibility, completeness and transparency of reports describing animal studies in Endodontology. The PRIASE 2021 guidelines consist of a checklist with 11 domains and 43 individual items and a flowchart. The aim of the current document is to provide an explanation for each item in the PRIASE 2021 checklist and flowchart and is supplemented with examples from the literature in order for readers to understand their significance and to provide usage guidance. A link to the PRIASE 2021 explanation and elaboration document and PRIASE 2021 checklist and flowchart is available on the Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE) website (http://pride-endodonticguidelines.org/priase/).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - A Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P E Murray
- Private Consultant, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - M H Nekoofar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - E Priya
- Division of Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Jayaraman
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S J Pulikkotil
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Jakovljevic
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Characterization and effect of nanocomplexed fluoride solutions on the inhibition of enamel demineralization created by a multispecies cariogenic biofilm model. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3947-3959. [PMID: 32236723 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro caries preventive effect of nanocomplexed solutions of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin associated with titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) after different complexation times (12 or 72 h). MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel blocks were randomly distributed in 9 groups (n = 11): negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, TiF4, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (positive control). The solutions were applied for 1 min and the blocks were exposed to a biofilm model. Nanocompounds were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SML), mineral density changes (ΔZ), lesion depth, surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy-SEM), and chemical characterization (energy-dispersive spectroscopy-EDS) were assessed. RESULTS No oxidation was observed, and the formation of the nanocomplexes was evidenced by changes in the melting point compared to pure cyclodextrins and the loss of crystallinity of the materials. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h resulted in lower %SML than negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, and TiF4 (p < 0.05). NaF differed from all groups (p < 0.05), except for hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h (p = 0.83). ΔZ of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h was higher than negative control, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 1 2 h, γ-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h, and NaF (p < 0.05) and similar to TiF4 and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 12 h (p > 0.05). SEM/EDS detected Ti in the blocks subjected to TiF4-products. CONCLUSION The hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin:TiF4 72 h solution showed caries preventive effect on the surface and subsurface of the enamel. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nanosystem, in association with TiF4 after 72 h of complexation, may be a promising agent for the prevention of enamel demineralization.
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Jebasty RM, Vidya R. Mechanical Properties of Multifunctional TiF 4 from First-Principles Calculations. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2001-2012. [PMID: 33405518 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) plays a crucial role in prerestorative dentistry, the synthesis of metal fluorides and titanium silicate thin films, enhancing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2, and hydrogen storage applications. Though TiF4 is touted for superior catalytic activity in deflating the decomposition temperature of metal hydrides, its fundamental properties have not been studied yet. Compressibility is a vital parameter during mechanical milling and hydrogen cycling processes from solid metal hydrides to sustain its stability. Even though many high-pressure studies are available on metal hydrides, a similar study on the TiF4 additive has not yet been conducted by either theoretical or experimental methods. In an effort to identify the compressibility of the TiF4 catalyst, we have performed state-of-the-art density-functional-theory-based calculations for three chemical states of TiFx (x = 4, 3, and 2). The mechanical strength of a material is derived from interatomic interactions, which in turn are influenced by the microstructure and bonding. The results highlight the superior structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of orthorhombic TiF4, which has octahedral columns similar to those of bone tissue material (hydroxyapatite). This article highlights the stable iono-covalent F-Ti-F bonding of the +4 state of titanium fluoride. Materials with Young's moduli close to that of bone (20-30 GPa) have been intensely searched for bone implants. TiF4 can be used for this purpose because its average Young's modulus is 47 GPa. Our detailed analysis of charge density in TiF4 sheds light on its unique bonding characteristics, which result in its extraordinary mechanical properties, making TiF4 a multifunctional material not only for dental fillings but also for orthopedic and catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravindran Vidya
- Department of Medical Physics, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai - 600 025, India
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