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Yang Q, Fan Z, Tang P, Jiang Y, Han M, Li L. Characteristics of mandibular anterior alveolar bone in patients with different degrees of periodontitis: a retrospective study based on CBCT. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6709-6721. [PMID: 37777638 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the alveolar bone characteristics of mandibular anterior teeth in patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 100 patients with periodontitis were selected and grouped according to the degrees of alveolar bone resorption, age, gender, and tooth type. The labial thickness of the alveolar bone, the degree of alveolar bone resorption, angulation between the long axis of teeth and alveolar process, alveolar bone height and density of the mandibular anterior teeth were measured. RESULTS There were significant differences in alveolar bone morphology between these three groups. Compared with the mild and moderate groups, the severe group showed that the alveolar bone in the half of the root crown was thickened, the alveolar bone height was decreased, the cancellous alveolar bone density was increased, and the cortical alveolar bone density was decreased. The resorption of alveolar bone was characterized by greater resorption of proximal bone than that of labial bone with increased bone loss. There were also differences in alveolar bone characteristics among patients of different ages, genders, and tooth types. CONCLUSIONS The morphology of the mandibular anterior alveolar bone changed accordingly with the degree of periodontitis. Labial alveolar bone thickness and cortical alveolar bone density were negatively correlated with the degree of periodontitis, while alveolar bone height and cancellous alveolar bone density were positively correlated with the degree of periodontitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results allow clinicians to better understand the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular anterior teeth in patients with periodontitis, facilitating better treatment design and avoiding complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zixin Fan
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pengzhou Tang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Minxuan Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Araújo MG, Dias DR, Matarazzo F. Anatomical characteristics of the alveolar process and basal bone that have an effect on socket healing. Periodontol 2000 2023; 93:277-288. [PMID: 37533162 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Following tooth extraction, a sequence of events takes place in order to close the wound and restore tissue homeostasis, a process called socket healing. The outcome of socket healing includes a marked reduction of the ridge dimensions. The amount of tissue loss that occurs during healing is influenced by several local and systemic factors. Thus, the aim of the present review was to describe the effect of anatomical characteristics of the alveolar process and basal bone on the socket healing outcome. The studies included showed that the quantity (number) and quality (composition) of socket walls exhibited a significant influence on the ridge diminution. A damaged socket (3 walls or less), as well as a thin buccal bone wall, which quickly resorbs negatively affected the healing outcome. Periodontally compromised sockets appeared to promote more extensive dimensional changes. Angulation between tooth and basal bone in addition to basal bone dimensions may also have altered the wound environment and influenced socket healing. The findings from the present review suggest that some anatomical characteristics of the alveolar process and basal bone have an effect on socket healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício G Araújo
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Debora R Dias
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Flavia Matarazzo
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Aljabr AA, Almas K, Aljofi FE, Aljabr AA, Alzaben B, Alqanas S. A CBCT Study of Labial Alveolar Bone Thickness in the Maxillary Anterior Region in a Teaching Hospital Population in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1571. [PMID: 37371666 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Labial alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary anterior region is the key factor in the placement of implants. Differences in the thickness of the bone are reported among different ethnic groups. Thus, the present study was aimed at assessing labial alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary anterior region in the population of the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The six anterior teeth in each of the 186 CBCT sagittal images were analyzed at three points: Point A from the facial plate at the level of the bone crest to the coronal root third, Point B to the mid-root surface, and Point C to the apical third. Crest height (Point D) was measured as the distance from the CEJ to the alveolar bone crest. The analysis was done using SPSS version 20. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The bone thickness at any given point (Point A, Point B, or Point C) was less than the preferred bone thickness of 2 mm in all six teeth. The thickness was minimum at Point B, maximum at Point C, and intermediate at Point A. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The crestal height (Point D) was less than 3 mm, and it was not statistically significant. Comparison of bone thickness on the right and left sides for any given point was not statistically significant except at Point A in the central incisor, where it was statistically significant (p-value = 0.035). Gender comparison of bone thickness showed no difference at Point A; however, at Points B and C, it showed statistical significance (p-value < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The alveolar bone thickness being <2 mm in the labial anterior region warns of the importance of the proper assessment of bone during implant placement to have a predictable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed A Aljabr
- Fellowship in Periodontics Program, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Almas
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal E Aljofi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Aljabr
- Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, P.O. Box 1712, Al Majma'ah 15341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alzaben
- Fellowship in Periodontics Program, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alqanas
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Trimpou G, Schwarz F, Begić A, Hess P, Lermen J, Keim N, Obreja K, Parvini P. Clinical performance of immediately placed and restored progressive-type implants in the esthetic zone: a prospective observational study. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:57. [PMID: 36414824 PMCID: PMC9681970 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess implant success and survival of immediately placed and restored progressive-type implants in the esthetic zone. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of n = 21 patients (21 implants) had received an immediate placement of a tapered, two-part implant with a progressive thread design (PL) for a single tooth replacement in the anterior maxilla. An immediate 'non full-functional loaded' restoration was provided upon adequate primary stability on a final patient-specific abutment (one abutment-one time concept). The final restoration was provided at 12 weeks (baseline). Implant survival and success (e.g. bleeding on probing-BOP, probing pocket depth-PD, mucosal recession-MR, pink esthetic score-PES) as well as patient- reported outcomes (PROM`S) were recorded at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS An adequate primary implant stability (i.e. insertion torque > 35 Ncm) was obtained at all but one sites. At 12 months, implant survival (n = 20 patients) amounted to 100%. Non-significant changes to baseline were noted for mean BOP (2.5 ± 28.2%), PD (- 0.26 ± 0.73 mm), and MR (0.0 ± 0.4 mm) values. PES values amounted to 12.9 ± 1.14 and 13.2 ± 0.84 at 6 and 12 months. Technical and mechanical complications were not observed. Patients expressed an overall high satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The presented immediacy protocol was associated with high survival and success rates on the short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Trimpou
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe University, Carolinum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - F. Schwarz
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe University, Carolinum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A. Begić
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe University, Carolinum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - P. Hess
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe University, Carolinum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J. Lermen
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe University, Carolinum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N. Keim
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe University, Carolinum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K. Obreja
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe University, Carolinum, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - P. Parvini
- grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Goethe University, Carolinum, Frankfurt, Germany
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Gu Y, Yan C, Yan Z, Wang X, Yue L, Li L. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of modified alveolar cleft bone graft with cone-beam CT digital imaging in children. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1140-1148. [PMID: 35958001 PMCID: PMC9360813 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used to observe the bone density and bone height in children with modified alveolar bone graft (ABG) at different times after operation. In this study, the changes of labial-palatal bone mass in the stable period of bone union and in the bone graft area were investigated to provide reference for subsequent treatment. METHODS A total of 140 pediatric patients with unilateral complete alveolar cleft were selected and routinely underwent iliac bone grafting. The original data obtained by ProMax 3D (Planmeca) examination were stored in DICOM format at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, and the images were reconstructed by Simplant software (Dentsply Sirona). The bone density of the healthy side was measured at 3 months and 6 months, and the results were expressed as Hounsfield units (HU). The labial and palatal bone height at the bone graft site at 3 and 6 months postoperatively was classified according to the modified Bergland classification method, and was compared with panoramic film classification. RESULTS Mean bone density at 3 months after surgery (385.4800±78.39770 HU) was not significantly different from that at 6 months (356.1875±73.67164 HU; P>0.05). There were significant differences between the classification of lip and palatal bone height 3 months after operation and that of the classification of panorama film in the same month (P<0.05); between the classification of lip and palatal bone height 6 months after surgery compared with that of panorama film of the same month (P<0.05); and between the classification of bone height degree in labial, palatal, and panoramic slices at 3 months after operation and that at 6 months after operation (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The labial and palatal classification is different, and the bone height classification 6 months after surgery is lower than that 3 months after surgery, indicating the persistence of bone resorption. CBCT can objectively evaluate the bone quality in the bone graft area, which has clinical application value for surgical evaluation value and posttreatment guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Gu
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Chaoting Yan
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhongyi Yan
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Li Yue
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
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Three-dimensional Analysis of Alveolar Bone With and Without Periodontitis. Int Dent J 2022; 72:634-640. [PMID: 35760735 PMCID: PMC9485513 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the alveolar bone density and thickness in Chinese participants with and without periodontitis. METHODOLOGY This study was retrospective and cross-sectional in nature and used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate alveolar bone loss, bone density, and bone thickness around 668 mandibular molars (344 periodontally healthy teeth and 324 teeth with periodontitis). Comparative statistical tests were done related to the age, sex, tooth type, tooth side, and degree of bone loss. The significance level was set to be P < .05. RESULTS The alveolar bone density significantly differed between the healthy and periodontitis groups (mean difference = 24.4 Hounsfield units; P = .007). Similarly, the alveolar bone thickness of the healthy group was significantly higher than that of the periodontitis group (4.6 ± 1.8 mm compared to 4.2 ± 1.1 mm). Teeth in females demonstrated a significantly (P ˂ .001) higher bone density compared with males in both healthy and compromised groups. However, males showed a significantly (P ˂ .05) thicker bone of the teeth than females in relation to the healthy group. The alveolar bone density and thickness in both healthy and periodontitis groups significantly differed between the first and the second molars (P < .001). The alveolar bone thickness had a highly significant difference (P < .001) between the different degrees of bone loss. CONCLUSIONS Alveolar bone thickness and density were reduced at periodontally diseased teeth.
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Heimes D, Schiegnitz E, Kuchen R, Kämmerer PW, Al-Nawas B. Buccal Bone Thickness in Anterior and Posterior Teeth-A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1663. [PMID: 34946389 PMCID: PMC8700878 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Immediate dental implant placement has been a subject of great interest over the last decade. Here, information regarding the anatomy and bone thickness of the jaw prior to dental implant placement is crucial to increase the surgery's success and the patient's safety. The clinical premises for this approach have been controversially discussed. One of those heavily discussed premises is a buccal bone thickness of at least 1 mm thickness. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review buccal bone thickness (BBT) in healthy patients. Thus, the feasibility of immediate dental implant placement in daily practice can be assessed. (2) Methods: A search in the electronic databases was performed to identify articles reporting on BBT that was measured by computed tomography in adults. (3) Results: We were able to find 45 studies, including 4324 patients with 25,452 analyzed teeth. The analysis showed a BBT at the alveolar crest of 0.76 ± 0.49 mm in the maxillary frontal and of 1.42 ± 0.74 mm in the maxillary posterior region. In the mandible, the average measured values were similar to those in the maxilla (front: 0.95 ± 0.58 mm; posterior: 1.20 ± 0.96 mm). In the maxillary frontal region 74.4% and in the mandibular frontal region 61.2% of the crestal buccal bones showed widths <1 mm. (4) Conclusions: In more than 60% of the cases, the BBT at the alveolar crest is <1 mm in maxillary and mandibular frontal regions. This anatomic data supports careful pre-surgical assessment, planning of a buccal graft, and critical selection of indication for immediate implant placement, especially in the maxillary and mandibular frontal and premolar region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Heimes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.); (P.W.K.); (B.A.-N.)
| | - Eik Schiegnitz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.); (P.W.K.); (B.A.-N.)
| | - Robert Kuchen
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Peer W. Kämmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.); (P.W.K.); (B.A.-N.)
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.S.); (P.W.K.); (B.A.-N.)
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Parvini P, Obreja K, Becker K, Galarraga ME, Schwarz F, Ramanauskaite A. The prevalence of peri-implant disease following immediate implant placement and loading: a cross-sectional analysis after 2 to 10 years. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:63. [PMID: 33073302 PMCID: PMC7569077 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant disease after immediate implant placement and loading. Material and methods This cross-sectional analysis included a total of 47 patients with 64 implants exhibiting a mean loading time of 2 to 10 years (4.23 ± 1.7 years). The surgical and prosthetic procedures were standardized in all patients. Peri-implant health and disease was assessed based on the established case definitions. Results The prevalence of peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis amounted to 38.3%, 57.5%, and 4.2% of the patients, respectively. Mucosal recession of 1 mm was present at 4 (6%) implants. No suppuration, pain, or implant failures were reported. Ordinal logistic regression revealed that reduced keratinized mucosa height was significantly associated with the diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis (OR = 0.514, P = 0.0125). Conclusion Immediate implant placement and loading was associated with high success rates at 2 to 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puria Parvini
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Carolinum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karina Obreja
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Carolinum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Orthodontics, Westdeutsche Kieferklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Frank Schwarz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Carolinum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ausra Ramanauskaite
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Carolinum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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