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Çakmak G, Sabatini GP, de Paula MS, Orgev A, Kahveci Ç, Revilla-Léon M, Yilmaz B. Can nonhazardous postprocessing cleaning solutions enable adequate surface properties for printed dental casts in different resins? J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00522-5. [PMID: 39242273 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Printed casts and dental devices and prostheses are increasingly being used, and the ecological impact of additive manufacturing should be considered in addition to the fabrication accuracy and surface properties of the printed object. To overcome the ecological drawbacks of alcohol postprocessing, water-washable, 3-dimensionally (3D) printable cast resins and postprocessing cleaning solutions that do not include alcohol have been introduced. However, whether using only water rather than chemical solvents would enable the surface smoothness and hardness required for accurate diagnostic and prosthetic procedures is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of resin type (water-washable or nonwater washable) and postprocessing cleaning solution on the surface roughness and microhardness of 3D printed dental cast resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred eight disk-shaped specimens (Ø10×2 mm) were additively manufactured (AM) from 3 dental cast resins: 2 water-washable (Epax (WW1) and Phrozen (WW2)) and 1 nonwater-washable resin (KeyModel Ultra resin-beige (NWW)) with a printer (n=36). Specimens in each resin type were divided into 3 groups for the application of postprocessing cleaning solution (water, 98% isopropyl alcohol [IPA] or methyl ether solvent) and polymerized after cleaning. The surface roughness (Ra, µm) and Vickers microhardness (HV) were measured. Laser microscope images were made of 1 specimen from each group. RESULTS NWW-IPA (control group) had a similar Ra to WW2-water (P=.81) and WW2-methyl ether solvent (P=.511). NWW-IPA had lower HV than WW2-water (P<.001) and WW1-methyl ether solvent (P=.001). Solutions had no significant effect on the Ra of WW1 (P≥.554) and WW2 (P≥.805). WW1 had higher surface irregularities with water, whereas no significant difference was visually observed with IPA or methyl ether solvent. Solutions had a similar effect on the surface of WW2 when evaluated visually with the laser microscope. CONCLUSIONS Resin type and postprocessing cleaning solution affected the surface roughness and microhardness of 3D printed dental cast resins, except for the surface roughness of tested water-washable resins. Water or methyl ether solvent cleaned water-washable resin (WW2) had surface roughness and hardness similar to commonly used nonwater-washable cast resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Çakmak
- Senior Research Associate, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Panca Sabatini
- Doctoral student, Department of Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; and Buser Implant Foundation Scholar, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Marcella Silva de Paula
- Doctoral student, Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiánia, Brazil
| | - Ahmet Orgev
- Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Marta Revilla-Léon
- Affiliate Assistant Professor, Graduate Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.; Faculty and Director, Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, Wash.; and Adjunct Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Mass
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Associate Professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Associate Professor, Department of Restorative, Preventive, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; and Adjunct Professor, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Chang J, Choi Y, Moon W, Chung SH. Impact of postpolymerization devices and locations on the color, translucency, and mechanical properties of 3D printed interim resin materials. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:636-643. [PMID: 36180261 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM How postpolymerization conditions affect the color and mechanical properties of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed prostheses is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color, microhardness, and flexural strength of 3D printed interim resin materials and to assess the effect of postpolymerization devices, polymerizing locations, and thermocycling on those properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 270 disk-shaped specimens and 180 bar-shaped specimens were designed and 3D printed with interim resin material (NextDent C&B). The specimens were postpolymerized in 1 of 3 devices (Group ND; NextDent, Group CR; Carima, and Group FL; Formlabs). Each group was divided into 3 circular zones of the polymerizing plate (central, medial, and lateral). Half of the specimens were subjected to 10 000 thermocycles. Color measurement, Vickers microhardness test, and 3-point flexural strength test were performed. Data were statistically analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=.05). RESULTS The L∗a∗b∗ color coordinates exhibited significant differences among the 3 zones (P<.05). The color and translucency differences according to CIELab and CIEDE among the zones exceeded the clinically perceptible levels in group CR. ΔE and ΔTP between with and without thermocycling were significantly different among the devices (P<.05). Microhardness and flexural strength were significantly different among the zones for those affected by thermocycling (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Different locations in postpolymerization devices influenced the color, translucency, and mechanical properties of 3D printed interim resin materials. Thermocycling induced color and translucency changes and the mechanical weakening of postpolymerized resins, and the impact differed according to the device type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhea Chang
- Clinical Professor, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Graduate Student, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoon Moon
- Researcher, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Fellow, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass and Research Fellow, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Shin Hye Chung
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Dai J, Luo K, Liu Q, Unkovskiy A, Spintzyk S, Xu S, Li P. Post-processing of a 3D-printed denture base polymer: Impact of a centrifugation method on the surface characteristics, flexural properties, and cytotoxicity. J Dent 2024; 147:105102. [PMID: 38852693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of a centrifugation method on the surface characteristics, flexural properties, and cytotoxicity of an additively manufactured denture base polymer. METHODS The tested specimens were prepared by digital light processing (DLP). A centrifugation method (CENT) was used to remove the residual uncured resin. In addition, the specimens were post-processed with different post-rinsing solutions: isopropanol (IPA), ethanol (EtOH), and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether (TPM), respectively. A commercial heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate was used as a reference (REF). First, the values of surface topography, arithmetical mean height (Sa), and root mean square height (Sq) were measured. Next, flexural strength (FS) and modulus were evaluated. Finally, cytotoxicity was assessed using an extract test. The data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test for post-hoc analysis. RESULTS The Sa value in the CENT group was lower than in the IPA, EtOH, TPM, and REF groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, the CENT group had lower Sq values than other groups (p < 0.001). The centrifugation method showed a higher FS value (80.92 ± 8.65 MPa) than the EtOH (61.71 ± 12.25 MPa, p < 0.001) and TPM (67.01 ± 9.751 MPa, p = 0.027), while affecting IPA (72.26 ± 8.80 MPa, p = 0.268) and REF (71.39 ± 10.44 MPa, p = 0.231). Also, the centrifugation method showed no evident cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS The surfaces treated with a centrifugation method were relatively smooth. Simultaneously, the flexural strength of denture base polymers was enhanced through centrifugation. Finally, no evident cytotoxic effects could be observed from different post-processing procedures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The centrifugation method could optimize surface quality and flexural strength of DLP-printed denture base polymers without compromising cytocompatibility, offering an alternative to conventional rinsing post-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Ke Luo
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Alexey Unkovskiy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - University Hospital, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany; Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19с1, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- ADMiRE Lab - Additive Manufacturing, intelligent Robotics, Sensors and Engineering, School of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, 9524 Villach, Austria
| | - Shulan Xu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Elsareef SS, Azer AS, Morsy N. Evaluation of fracture resistance and marginal fit of implant-supported interim crowns fabricated by conventional, additive and subtractive methods. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:852. [PMID: 39068402 PMCID: PMC11283711 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interim crowns are utilized for restoring implants during and after the process of osseointegration. However, studies on adaptation and fracture strength of implant-supported interim crowns are rare. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this in vitro study is evaluating marginal fit and fracture resistance of conventional, subtractive, and additive methods of fabricating implant-supported interim crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS An implant was placed in an epoxy resin model with a missing first molar. A scan body was attached, and scanned with an intraoral scanner (IOS), the STL file was used to fabricate eighteen master models with standardized implant digital analogue spaces. The digital analogues and their corresponding abutments were attached to the master models and scanned with the IOS, the STL files were used to fabricate eighteen crowns using three different techniques (n = 6): conventional (CR); from Autopolymerizing composite resin, subtractive (SM); milled from PMMA resin blanks, and additive (AM); from 3D printed resin material. The crowns were fitted and cemented on their corresponding abutments and subjected to cyclic loading and thermocycling. The marginal fit was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. The crowns were then loaded until fractured in a universal testing machine. The Shapiro-Wilk and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests revealed that data of Marginal gap was non-parametric. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn test was used (α = 0.05). While data of Fracture resistance test was parametric. ANOVA (F-test) was used followed by the Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS For marginal gap, a significant difference was shown between the study groups (P = .001) according to Kruskal-Wallis test. Groups SM and AM had significantly lower marginal gap values compared to group CR (P = .003). No significant difference was found between groups SM and AM (P = .994). For fracture resistance, One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in fracture resistance between study groups (P < .001). Group SM had significantly higher fracture strength followed by group AM and group CR (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Group SM and AM showed better marginal adaptation than group CR. Group SM showed superior fracture resistance compared to other groups. All study groups showed acceptable marginal gap and fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Salah Elsareef
- Senior researcher of Fixed prosthodontics, Department of conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Amir Shokry Azer
- Associate professor of Fixed prosthodontics, Department of conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Morsy
- Lecturer of Fixed prosthodontics, Department of conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Temizci T, Kölüş T. Effects of Printing Angle and Post-Curing Time on the Color and Translucency of 3D-Printed Temporary Restoration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:420. [PMID: 39056861 PMCID: PMC11274986 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In resins produced with a 3D printer, the printing parameters affect the properties of the restoration produced. This study examined the effect of the printing angle and post-curing time on the optical properties of temporary restorations. A total of 135 disk-shaped Formlabs temporary resins (10 × 2 mm) were produced at three different printing angles (0, 45, and 90 degrees) and post-cured for three different times (20, 40, and 60 min) (n = 15). Color and translucency measurements were taken for each group with a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). The ΔE values between printing angles and curing times influence each other. The highest color change was observed in the groups produced with a 90° printing angle. Considering the post-curing times, the highest color change was observed in the groups cured for 40 min. Increasing the curing time from 20 to 40 min decreases the translucency, whereas further increasing the curing time does not significantly affect the translucency. In terms of the impact on the translucency caused by the printing angles, 0° exhibited a lower translucency compared to other printing angles. During the 3D printing of temporary prostheses, both printing angles and post-curing times can affect their optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Temizci
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey
| | - Türkay Kölüş
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70200 Karaman, Turkey;
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Kim JH, Kwon JS, Park JM, Lo Russo L, Shim JS. Effects of postpolymerization conditions on the physical properties, cytotoxicity, and dimensional accuracy of a 3D printed dental restorative material. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:241-250. [PMID: 35778292 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Although the introduction of high-speed 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology has significantly reduced printing time, the time required for postpolymerization is a speed-determining step because of the long wait time. How postpolymerization conditions affect material properties is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the physical properties, accuracy, and biosafety of a 3D printed dental restorative material according to postpolymerization conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens were prepared by 3D printing with a digital light processing 3D printer with 1 interim dental material (C&B MFH). All printed specimens underwent a postpolymerization process with 5 different postpolymerization devices and were designated as groups D1 (D102H), FO (Form Cure), LC (LC-3DPrintBox), ME (Medusa), and MP (MP100). The light intensity and temperature of each device were measured, and the Vickers hardness, flexural strength and modulus, degree of conversion (DC), cytotoxicity, and polymerization shrinkage were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted with 1-way analysis of variance, the Tukey post hoc test, and regression testing (α=.05). Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the fracture surface characteristics of the specimens. RESULTS Light intensity was strongest with the ME device, and the temperature inside the device during postpolymerization showed the highest increase with the LC device and the lowest increase with the D1 device. The LC group specimens showed the highest mean Vickers hardness, and the MP group showed the lowest. The flexural strength was ≥100 MPa in all groups, with a flexural modulus ranging from 1.17 to 1.5 GPa. The DC results were similar to the physical properties test results. The D1, FO, LC, and ME groups all showed ≥70% cell viability, indicating no toxicity. The FO group showed the highest shrinkage rate of 0.52%. CONCLUSIONS When the light intensity was strong, the surface was sufficiently hard, and toxic substances were not eluted even after a short postpolymerization time, suggesting that light intensity modulation and time management can be used to improve the postpolymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hyun Kim
- Postgraduate student, Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Oral Research Science Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Researcher, Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Assistant Professor, Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Man Park
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lucio Lo Russo
- Associate Professor, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - June-Sung Shim
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mao Z, Schmidt F, Beuer F, Yassine J, Hey J, Prause E. Effect of surface treatment strategies on bond strength of additively and subtractively manufactured hybrid materials for permanent crowns. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:371. [PMID: 38869697 PMCID: PMC11176235 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of different computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid ceramic materials following different pretreatments. METHODS A total of 306 CAD/CAM hybrid material specimens were manufactured, n = 102 for each material (VarseoSmile Crownplus [VSCP] by 3D-printing; Vita Enamic [VE] and Grandio Blocs [GB] by milling). Each material was randomly divided into six groups regarding different pretreatment strategies: control, silane, sandblasting (50 μm aluminum oxide particles), sandblasting + silane, etching (9% hydrofluorics acid), etching + silane. Subsequently, surface roughness (Ra) values, surface free energy (SFE) were measured. Each specimen was bonded with a dual-cured adhesive composite. Half of the specimens were subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles, 5-55 °C). The shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. Data were analyzed by using a two-way analysis of variance, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney-U-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Material type (p = 0.001), pretreatment strategy (p < 0.001), and the interaction (p < 0.001) all had significant effects on Ra value. However, only etching on VSCP and VE surface increased SFE value significantly. Regarding SBS value, no significant difference was found among the three materials (p = 0.937), while the pretreatment strategy significantly influenced SBS (p < 0.05). Etching on VSCP specimens showed the lowest mean value among all groups, while sandblasting and silane result in higher SBS for all test materials. CONCLUSIONS The bond strength of CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic materials for milling and 3D-printing was comparable. Sandblasting and silane coupling were suitable for both millable and printable materials, while hydrofluoric etching should not be recommended for CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Since comparable evidence between 3D-printable and millable CAD/CAM dental hybrid materials is scarce, the present study gives clear guidance for pretreatment planning on different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Mao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Beuer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jamila Yassine
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremias Hey
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther-University, Magdeburger Str. 16, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Prause
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
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Baltacioğlu İH, Demirel G, Öztürk B, Aydin F, Özcan M. An evaluation of dental paste-like bulk-fill composite wear using intra-oral scanner. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:446-452. [PMID: 38692905 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the wear resistance of dental paste-like bulk-fill composites compared to conventional paste-like composite resins using an intraoral scanner and 3-D analyzing software. Six different dental composite materials, including five bulk-fill composites and one conventional composite, were tested alongside natural human enamel as a control group. A computer-controlled chewing simulator for wear testing. A one-way ANOVA test was used to identify any significant differences between the means of the tested dental composite materials α=0.05. The results showed variability among bulk-fill composites, with some demonstrating wear resistance similar to conventional composites (p<0.05). Human enamel displayed the lowest wear values, but some bulk-fill composites matched this resistance(p>0.05). Significant variability was observed among bulk-fill composites but the results were comparable to those of conventional composites. The enamel control group demonstrated the lowest wear values, with some bulk-fill composites showing similar wear resistance. This study provides valuable information about the wear resistance of contemporary bulk-fill composite materials, commonly used in current clinical practice, contributing to enhancing clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gülbike Demirel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University
| | - Burcu Öztürk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University
| | - Fulya Aydin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Medipol University
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich
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Katheng A, Prawatvatchara W, Tonprasong W, Namano S, Kongkon P. Effect of Postrinsing Times and Methods on Surface Roughness, Hardness, and Polymerization of 3D-Printed Photopolymer Resin. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38759997 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study investigated the effects of different postrinsing times and methods on the surface roughness, surface hardness, and degree of polymerization of materials manufactured via stereolithography (SLA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 288 disk-shaped specimens were manufactured using an SLA three-dimensional (3D) printer. The specimens were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 32) based on rinsing times and methods. The groups were categorized into three rinsing methods: automated, ultrasonic, and hand washing, with rinsing times of 5, 10, and 15 minutes using a 99% isopropanol alcohol as a solvent. Linear roughness (Ra) and area roughness (Sa) were measured using a 3D confocal laser microscopy; the roughness morphology was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy. Vickers hardness (VHN) tests were performed using a Vickers microhardness tester. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry was used to determine the degree of conversion of treated specimens. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. The post hoc Tukey tests were conducted to compare the differences between groups (p < 0.05). RESULTS The choice of the rinsing time and method affected the surface properties of the SLA photopolymer resin. The 15 minutes of ultrasonic method exhibited the highest Ra scores (0.86 ± 0.1 µm), while the 15 minutes of automated method presented the highest Sa scores (1.77 ± 0.35 µm). For the VHN test, the 15 minutes of ultrasonic method displayed the highest VHN score (18.26 ± 1.03 kgf/mm2). For the degree of polymerization, the 15 minutes of automated method was initially identified as the most effective (87.22 ± 6.80). CONCLUSION To facilitate the overall surface roughness, surface hardness, and degree of polymerization, the optimal choice of postprocessing rinsing time and method for achieving a clear photopolymer resin was determined to be the ultrasonic method with a rinsing time of 15 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awutsadaporn Katheng
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wisarut Prawatvatchara
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Tonprasong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sahaprom Namano
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paweena Kongkon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Caussin E, Moussally C, Le Goff S, Fasham T, Troizier-Cheyne M, Tapie L, Dursun E, Attal JP, François P. Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review of Actual Popular Technologies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:950. [PMID: 38399200 PMCID: PMC10890271 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, the current state of the art and recent advances in 3D printing in dentistry are explored. This article provides an overview of the fundamental principles of 3D printing with a focus on vat photopolymerization (VP), the most commonly used technological principle in dental practice, which includes SLA, DLP, and LCD (or mSLA) technologies. The advantages, disadvantages, and shortcomings of these technologies are also discussed. This article delves into the key stages of the dental 3D printing process, from computer-aided design (CAD) to postprocessing, emphasizing the importance of postrinsing and postcuring to ensure the biocompatibility of custom-made medical devices. Legal considerations and regulatory obligations related to the production of custom medical devices through 3D printing are also addressed. This article serves as a valuable resource for dental practitioners, researchers, and health care professionals interested in applying this innovative technology in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Caussin
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | | | - Stéphane Le Goff
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | - Timothy Fasham
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | - Max Troizier-Cheyne
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
| | - Laurent Tapie
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
- EPF École d’Ingénieurs, 94230 Cachan, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
- Henri Mondor Hospital, AP-HP, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Attal
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
- Charles Foix Hospital, AP-HP, 94200 Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Philippe François
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Bretonneau Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France
- Université of Paris Cité, URB2i, 92100 Montrouge, France
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Ferreira I, Calazans Neto JV, Cândido dos Reis A. Artificial teeth obtained by additive manufacturing: Wear resistance aspects. A systematic review of in vitro studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23279. [PMID: 38163102 PMCID: PMC10754871 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Wear resistance is one of the properties that must be considered for maintaining the long-term functionality of artificial teeth in dental prostheses. This property can be altered by the method of tooth fabrication, the material, the chewing force, and the relationship to the antagonist tooth. This systematic review evaluated the wear resistance of artificial teeth obtained by the additive manufacturing method and aims to answer the question, "Do artificial teeth for dental prostheses obtained by additive manufacturing show wear resistance similar to prefabricated ones?" The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist guidelines were followed with a customized search in Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Embase, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases on August 30, 2023. The inclusion criteria were artificial teeth for dental prostheses in acrylic resin by additive manufacturing and comparing the wear resistance with conventional prefabricated teeth, in vitro and English studies, without time restriction. And excluded if 1) do not make artificial teeth by additive manufacturing or that were metal or ceramic teeth; 2) clinical trials, animal studies, review articles, case reports, letters to the editor, short communication, book chapters; 3) another language that is not English. The selection was in two steps, reading the titles and abstracts, followed by reading the selected studies in full. The risk of bias analysis was performed with the adaptation of the quasi-experimental studies tool by Joanna Briggs Institute. Four hundred and twelve articles were found in the databases, after the selection steps and application of eligibility criteria, 6 articles were included for qualitative data analysis and presented low risk of bias. For teeth obtained by additive manufacturing, 2 studies reported lower wear resistance, 2 studies had higher resistance, and 2 similar compared to prefabricated ones. Additive manufactured teeth compared to prefabricated teeth show influences on wear resistance due to differences in material composition, relationship to the antagonist's tooth, applied force, chewing cycles, and processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ferreira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Vicente Calazans Neto
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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12
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Chung SH, Jiang ES, Lim BS, Kim SH, Chang J. Multi-peak Light-emitting Diode Curing Units and Polymerization of 3D-printed Crown and Bridge Resin. Oper Dent 2024; 49:98-109. [PMID: 38058011 DOI: 10.2341/23-061-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the substitutive and additive efficacy of multi-peak light-emitting diode (LED) curing units for post-curing of a three-dimensional- (3D-) printed crown and bridge resin. METHODS A total of 792 disc- and 180 bar-shaped specimens were printed with a crown and bridge resin (NextDent C&B MFH) and post-cured using two LED curing units (VALO Cordless and Bluephase N G4) in fast and standard modes. Conventional post-curing (LC-3D Print Box, Group PC) was compared with LED-only curing (Groups V1, V2, B1, and B2) and LED-combined curing (Groups PV1, PV2, PB1, and PB2) in terms of microhardness, flexural strength, degree of conversion (DC), and CIE L*a*b* color and translucency parameters. Cytotoxicity of the resin eluates was evaluated using the WST-1 assay. Temperature increases on the resin surface were measured with infrared thermography. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). RESULTS The microhardness and flexural strength in Groups V1, V2, B1, and DC in all LED-only groups were lower than in other groups (p<0.05). Larger color disparities existed between Group PC and all LED-only groups than between Group PC and the others (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity among the groups. The temperature increase was lowest in Groups V1 and PV1 during light curing (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Post-curing by multi-peak LED curing units was not as effective as the conventional post-curing device. Additional post-curing by LED curing units did not improve the material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chung
- Shin Hye Chung, DDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E-S Jiang
- En-Shi Jiang, DDS, MSD, PhD, Department of Stomatology, Yanbian University and Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji China
| | - B-S Lim
- Bum-Soon Lim, PhD, Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Kim
- Seong-Hae Kim, Center for Future Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Chang
- *Juhea Chang, DDS, MSD, PhD, National Dental Care Center for Persons with Special Needs, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Prause E, Hey J, Schmidt F, Nicic R, Beuer F, Unkovskiy A. The Assessability of Approximal Secondary Caries of Non-Invasive 3D-Printed Veneers Depending on the Restoration Thickness-An In Vitro Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:992. [PMID: 37760094 PMCID: PMC10525397 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10090992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no scientific data is available regarding the development and radiographic assessment of approximal caries development after the insertion of 3D-printed, non-invasive veneers of different restoration thicknesses. For the present study, non-invasive veneers were fabricated from two different materials for printing and milling (Vita Enamic and VarseoSmile Crown plus). Three different restoration thicknesses (0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 mm) were selected. After digital design, leaving the approximal space free, and manufacturing of the restorations, adhesive insertion followed. All specimens were placed in a demineralizing solution for 28 days. Subsequently, a radiological and fluorescent examination was performed. The present study showed statistically significant interactions for the day (p < 0.0001) and manufacturing method (p < 0.0001) but not for restoration thickness. Additive manufactured restorations showed less radiological caries progression compared to subtractive manufactured restorations after 21 and 28 days (0.7 and 0.9 mm restoration thickness) (p < 0.0001). DIAGNOdent proved that the restoration thickness affected the caries progression within the subtractive group (p < 0.0001). Radiographic and fluorescence examination showed equivalent results regarding approximal caries assessment. For additive manufacturing, less caries progression was shown without consideration of the restoration thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Prause
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Jeremias Hey
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther-University, 06112 Halle, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Robert Nicic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Florian Beuer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
| | - Alexey Unkovskiy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany; (J.H.); (F.S.); (R.N.); (F.B.); (A.U.)
- Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19c1, 119146 Moscow, Russia
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Liebermann A, Schultheis A, Faber F, Rammelsberg P, Rues S, Schwindling FS. Impact of post printing cleaning methods on geometry, transmission, roughness parameters, and flexural strength of 3D-printed zirconia. Dent Mater 2023; 39:625-633. [PMID: 37179237 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of different post printing cleaning methods on geometry, transmission, roughness parameters, and flexural strength of additively manufactured zirconia. METHODS Disc-shaped specimens (N = 100) were 3D-printed from 3 mol%-yttria-stabilized zirconia (material: LithaCon 3Y 210; printer: CeraFab 7500, Lithoz) and were cleaned with five different methods (n = 20): (A) 25 s of airbrushing with the dedicated cleaning solution (LithaSol 30®, Lithoz) and 1-week storage in a drying oven (40 °C); (B) 25 s airbrushing (LithaSol 30®) without drying oven; (C) 30 s ultrasonic bath (US) filled with Lithasol30®; (D) 300 s US filled with LithaSol 30®; (E) 30 s US filled with LithaSol 30® followed by 40 s of airbrushing (LithaSol 30®). After cleaning, the samples were sintered. Geometry, transmission, roughness (Ra, Rz), characteristic strengths (σ0), and Weibull moduli (m) were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov-, t-, Kruskal-Wallis-, and Mann-Whitney-U-tests (α < 0.05). RESULTS Short US (C) resulted in the thickest and widest samples. Highest transmission was found for US combined with airbrushing (E, p ≤ 0.004), followed by D and B (same range, p = 0.070). Roughness was lowest for US combined with airbrushing (E, p ≤ 0.039), followed by A and B (same range, p = 0.172). A (σ0 = 1030 MPa, m = 8.2), B (σ0 = 1165 MPa, m = 9.8), and E (σ0 = 1146 MPa, m = 8.3) were significantly stronger (p < 0.001) and substantially more reliable than C (σ0 = 480 MPa, m = 1.9) and D (σ0 = 486 MPa, m = 2.1). SIGNIFICANCE For 3D-printed zirconia, cleaning strategy selection is important. Airbrushing (B) and short US combined with airbrushing (E) were most favorable regarding transmission, roughness, and strength. Ultrasonic cleaning alone was ineffective (short duration) or detrimental (long duration). Strategy E could be particularly promising for hollow or porous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Liebermann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - A Schultheis
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Faber
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Rues
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F S Schwindling
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Grymak A, Tieh MT, Yang AHX, Choi JJE. Development of predictive algorithms for the wear resistance of denture teeth materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 144:105984. [PMID: 37392604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the wear resistance of conventional, CAD-milled and 3D-printed denture teeth in vitro with simulated aging. To use the collected data to train single time series sample model LSTM and provide proof of concept. METHODS Six denture teeth materials (Three Conventional; Double-cross linked PMMA (G1), Nanohybrid composite (G2), PMMA with microfillers (G3), CAD-milled (G4), two 3D-printed teeth (G5, G6) (Total n = 60) underwent simulation for 24 and 48 months of linear reciprocating wear using a universal testing machine (UFW200, NeoPlus) under 49 N load, 1 Hz and linear stroke of 2 mm in an artificial saliva medium. Single samples were parsed through Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model using Python. To determine minimal simulation times, multiple data splits for training were trialled (10/20/30/40%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for material surface evaluation. RESULTS 3D printed tooth material (G5) had the lowest wear resistance (59 ± 35.71 μm) whereas conventional PMMA with microfillers (G3) shown the highest wear rate (303 ± 0.06 μm) after 48 months of simulation. The LSTM model successfully predicted up to 48 months wear using 30% of the collected data. Compared with the actual data, the model had a root-mean-square error range between 6.23 and 88.56 μm, mean-absolute-percentage-error 12.43-23.02% and mean-absolute-error 7.47-70.71 μm. SEM images revealed additional plastic deformations and chipping of materials, that may have introduced data artifacts. CONCLUSIONS 3D printed denture teeth materials showed the lowest wear out of all studied for 48 months simulation. LSTM model was successfully developed to predict wear of various denture teeth. The developed LSTM model has the potential to reduce simulation duration and specimen number for wear testing of various dental materials, while potentially improving the accuracy and reliability of wear testing predictions. This work paves the way for generalized multi-sample models enhanced with empirical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Grymak
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mei Ting Tieh
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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Alzahrani SJ, Hajjaj MS, Azhari AA, Ahmed WM, Yeslam HE, Carvalho RM. Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Printed Provisional Resin Materials for Crown and Fixed Dental Prosthesis: A Systematic Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:663. [PMID: 37370594 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of digital dentistry has led to the introduction of various three-dimensional (3D) printing materials in the market, specifically for provisional fixed restoration. This study aimed to undertake a systematic review of the published literature on the Mechanical Properties of 3D- Printed Provisional Resin Materials for crown and fixed dental prosthesis (FDP). The electronic database on PubMed/Medline was searched for relevant studies. The search retrieved articles that were published from January 2011 to March 2023. The established focus question was: "Do provisional 3D-printed materials have better mechanical properties than conventional or milled provisional materials?". The systematically extracted data included the researcher's name(s), publication year, evaluation method, number of samples, types of materials, and study outcome. A total of 19 studies were included in this systematic review. These studies examined different aspects of the mechanical properties of 3D-printed provisional materials. Flexural Strength and Microhardness were the frequently used mechanical testing. Furthermore, 3D-printed provisional restorations showed higher hardness, smoother surfaces, less wear volume loss, and higher wear resistance compared to either milled or conventional, or both. 3D-printed provisional resin materials appear to be a promising option for fabricating provisional crowns and FDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed J Alzahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher S Hajjaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Ahmed Azhari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Magdy Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin E Yeslam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ricardo Marins Carvalho
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V63 1Z3, Canada
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Alkhateeb RI, Algaoud HS, Aldamanhori RB, Alshubaili RR, Alalawi H, Gad MM. Fracture Load of 3D-Printed Interim Three-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses: Impact of Printing Orientation and Post-Curing Time. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071737. [PMID: 37050351 PMCID: PMC10097162 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The fracture resistance of 3-unit interim fixed dental prostheses (IFDPs) fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) additive technology with different printing parameters is neglected. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of different printing orientations and different post-curing times on the fracture resistance of 3-unit IFDPs fabricated from two three-dimensional (3D) printed resins, NextDent, C&B (CB), ASIGA, and DentaTOOTH. A 3-unit dye was scanned, and an IFDP was designed. A total of 300 specimens (150/materials, n = 10) were printed and divided into three groups according to printing orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) per material. Each orientation was subdivided into five groups (n = 10) considering the post-curing time (green state as control, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min). All specimens underwent thermocycling (5000 cycles). Each specimen was fitted onto the die and loaded until fracture using a universal testing machine with a loading rate of 1 m/min. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). The result showed that printing orientation had a significant effect on the fracture load for both ASIGA and NextDent materials (p < 0.05). The highest fracture load was recorded with 45° orientation, followed by 0° orientation and 90° orientation showed the lowest values per respective post-curing time. Post-curing time increased the fracture load (p < 0.05). Post-curing time had a positive effect on the fracture load. As the post-curing time increased, the fracture resistance load increased (p < 0.05), with 90 and 120 min showing the highest fracture load. The 0° and 45° printing orientations have a high fracture load for 3D-printed IFDPs, and an increased post-curing time is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I. Alkhateeb
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel S. Algaoud
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rand B. Aldamanhori
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rand R. Alshubaili
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haidar Alalawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Greuling A, Matthies A, Eisenburger M. Fracture load of 4-unit interim fixed partial dentures using 3D-printed and traditionally manufactured materials. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:607.e1-607.e8. [PMID: 36806393 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM How the fracture strength of recently introduced 3-dimensionally (3D) printed interim materials compares with that of conventional materials is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the fracture load of 4-unit interim fixed partial dentures made from 3 different materials before and after mastication simulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on a master model of a 4-unit fixed partial denture with maxillary left first premolar and second molar abutment teeth, interim restorations were fabricated from 3 different materials (3D-printed, Temporary CB Resin, milled, PMMA for brain, and manually manufactured, Luxatemp Plus). The fixed partial dentures (n=30 for each material) were cemented on 3D-printed model abutment teeth that were connected via a thin latex layer to a polyurethane base block. The fracture load of 15 fixed partial dentures of each material was tested without aging. Another 15 fixed partial dentures of each material were tested after thermomechanical aging. RESULTS The mean fracture load was between 186 N and 661 N, and all materials showed significant lower fracture loads after aging. Before and after aging (before/after ±standard deviation) milled (661 ±59/568 ±52 N) achieved the highest loads before manually manufactured (621 ±100/478 ±96 N) and 3D-printed (294 ±83/186 ±70). CONCLUSIONS The 3D-printed interim restoration material and the inherent manufacturing process show significant lower fracture loads than the tested alternatives. However, as the influence of geometric differences could not be quantified, whether this remains true after correcting for geometric differences remains unclear. For the tested interim materials, thermocycling and mastication simulation significantly reduced fracture loads over time, even at loads as low as 50 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Greuling
- Head of Materials Science Lab, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Annika Matthies
- Doctoral candidate, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Eisenburger
- Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Shin Y, Wada K, Tsuchida Y, Ijbara M, Ikeda M, Takahashi H, Iwamoto T. Wear behavior of materials for additive manufacturing after simulated occlusion of deciduous dentition. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105627. [PMID: 36571853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate wear characteristics of materials for additive manufacturing (AM) after a simulated occlusal test in primary teeth. Wear was simulated by means of impacting - sliding wear testing (ISWT) between specimens prepared from materials for AM against enamel derived from deciduous teeth. METHODS The prepared hemispherical upper specimens were subjected to impacting-sliding wear test (ISWT) machine against the flattened enamel of deciduous molars on lower specimens. The samples were subjected to 20,000 load cycles using a contact force of 30 N between the opposing surfaces under controlled conditions. In the upper specimens, five groups (n=9): four types of additively manufactured materials Dima, Zenith, Detax, Veltz and a deciduous enamel groups were tested in this study. The enamel-to-enamel group was used as the control. Wear characteristics comprised wear surface area, wear depth, wear volumetric loss, and surface roughness were measured with a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data obtained were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). RESULTS Dima showed significantly higher worn surface area (p = 0.009, 0.001, and < 0.001 for Zenith, Detax, and control enamel, respectively), volumetric loss (p = 0.027, 0.007, and < 0.001 for Zenith, Detax, and control enamel, respectively), and damaged opposing enamel (p = 0.002, 0.001, and 0.01 for Detax, Veltz, and control enamel, respectively). There was no significant difference among the volumetric loss in Zenith and Detax. However, SEM revealed that Zenith showed rough worn surfaces and chipping, Detax showed rather a smooth circular worn surface. The worn area of Veltz was smaller than Detax and Zenith at 5,000 cycles, but higher at 15,000 and 20,000 cycles, and SEM showed detachment. CONCLUSION Wear behavior was different among different materials for AM. In the upper specimens, DM and VZ showed large wear. In the lower specimens, DM caused largest enamel wear and damage. In contrast, ZT and DX showed lower wear and caused less damage to the antagonistic primary enamel. SEM image of ZT showed large losses due to chipping, whereas DX showed the rather smooth. DX was confirmed to have lowest wear and caused least damage to the opposing deciduous enamel, which might be applicable as restorative treatments in deciduous dentition. SIGNIFICANCE Additive manufactured dental materials could be considered as a treatment modality in deciduous teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Kanae Wada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan.
| | - Yumi Tsuchida
- Department of Digital Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Manhal Ijbara
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Hail Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
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Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Provisional Crowns and Fixed Dental Prosthesis Resins Compared to CAD/CAM Milled and Conventional Provisional Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132691. [PMID: 35808735 PMCID: PMC9269394 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly introduced provisional crowns and fixed dental prostheses (FDP) materials should exhibit good physical and mechanical properties necessary to serve the purpose of their fabrication. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the articles comparing the physical and mechanical properties of 3D-printed provisional crown and FDP resin materials with CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Designing/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) milled and conventional provisional resins. Indexed English literature up to April 2022 was systematically searched for articles using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science (core collection), Scopus, and the Cochrane library. This systematic review was structured based on the guidelines given by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The focused PICO/PECO (Participant, Intervention/exposure, Comparison, Outcome) question was: ‘Do 3D-printed (P) provisional crowns and FDPs (I) have similar physical and mechanical properties (O) when compared to CAD/CAM milled and other conventionally fabricated ones (C)’. Out of eight hundred and ninety-six titles, which were recognized after a primary search, twenty-five articles were included in the qualitative analysis, and their quality analysis was performed using the modified CONSORT scale. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, only twelve articles were included for quantitative analysis. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that 3D-printed provisional crown and FDP resin materials have superior mechanical properties but inferior physical properties compared to CAD/CAM milled and other conventionally fabricated ones. Three-dimensionally printed provisional crowns and FDP materials can be used as an alternative to conventional and CAD/CAM milled long-term provisional materials.
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21
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Lambart AL, Xepapadeas AB, Koos B, Li P, Spintzyk S. Rinsing postprocessing procedure of a 3D-printed orthodontic appliance material: Impact of alternative post-rinsing solutions on the roughness, flexural strength and cytotoxicity. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1344-1353. [PMID: 35752470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the effect of different rinsing postprocessing solutions on surface characteristics, flexural strength, and cytotoxicity of an additive manufactured polymer for orthodontic appliances. These solutions have been deemed an alternative to the standard isopropanol which is a flammable liquid, known to have toxic effects. METHODS Tested specimens were manufactured using direct light processing of an orthodontic appliance polymer (FREEPRINT® splint 2.0, Detax) and post-processed with different post-rinsing solutions, including isopropanol (IPA), ethanol (EtOH), EASY 3D Cleaner (EYC), Yellow Magic7 (YM7), and RESINAWAY (RAY), respectively. All groups were post-cured following the manufacturer's instructions. Surface topography and roughness (Ra and Rv) were evaluated. In addition, flexural strength was measured by a three-point bending test. An extract test was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity. The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Various post-rinsing solutions did not significantly affect the roughness values (Ra and Rv). Specimens post-processed with EtOH (98.1 ± 12.4 MPa) and EYC (101.1 ± 6.3 MPa) exhibited significantly lower flexural strength compared to the groups of IPA (110.7 ± 5.3 MPa), RAY (112.1 ± 5.6 MPa) and YM7 (117.3 ± 5.9 MPa), respectively. Finally, there were no cytotoxic effects of parts cleaned with different post-rinsing solutions. SIGNIFICANCE Considering the use of 3D-printed orthodontic appliance materials, different rinsing postprocessing procedures did not affect surface characteristics. However, the flexural strength was significantly influenced, which could be attributed to the chemical ingredients of the post-rinsing solutions. Various post-rinsing treatments had no alternation concerning cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Lambart
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Alexander B Xepapadeas
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Bernd Koos
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China; Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany; ADMiRE Lab - Additive Manufacturing, intelligent Robotics, Sensors and Engineering, School of Engineering and IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, 9524 Villach, Austria
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22
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Soto-Montero J, de Castro EF, Romano BDC, Nima G, Shimokawa CAK, Giannini M. Color alterations, flexural strength, and microhardness of 3D printed resins for fixed provisional restoration using different post-curing times. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1271-1282. [PMID: 35717230 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of post-curing times on the color change, flexural strength (FS), modulus (FM) and microhardness at different depths of four 3D printed resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS A characterization of the light emitted by 3D-resin post-curing unit (Wash and Cure 2.0, Anycubic) was performed. The tested 3D printed resins were Cosmos Temp3D (COS), SmartPrint BioTemp (SM) Resilab3D Temp (RES) and Prizma3D BioProv (PRI) were evaluated under five different post-curing conditions (no post-curing or 5-, 10-, 15, and 20 min of post-curing). For color change analysis, 10 mm diameter x 1 mm thick discs (n = 7) were printed, and the luminosity, color and translucency were measured before post-curing as control, and repeatedly after 5 min cycles of post-curing until a total of 20 min was reached for ΔE00 [CIED2000 (1:1:1)] calculation. For FS and FM, 25 × 2×2 mm (n = 10, for each post-curing time) 3D printed bars were subjected to a 3-point being test. Knoop microhardness (KHN) was measured transversally on 5 × 5×5 mm blocks (n = 10, for each post-curing time). Color results were analyzed by one-way repeated measures ANOVA (factor: color change). FS and FM were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (factors: Material*Post-Curing Time). KHN was analyzed individually for each material by two-way ANOVA (factors: Depth*Post-Curing Time). RESULTS The post-curing time significantly influenced the ΔE00, FS, FM and KHN of all the evaluated materials. COS and SMA presented ΔE00 values above the acceptability threshold after 5 and 10 min of post-curing, respectively. The FS of RES reached a plateau after 5 min of post-curing, and for PRI and SMA, the FS stabilized after 10 min of post-curing. The post-curing process improved the KHN of the tested materials, and longer exposure periods were associated to higher KHN values at all the evaluated depths. SIGNIFICANCE A fine adjustment of the post-curing time is crucial to produce adequate mechanical properties in 3D-printed restorative resins, while minimizing the color alterations on the restorations. For the evaluated resins, 5-10 min of post-curing will result in adequate mechanical properties, without affecting the acceptability in the color of the material. However, the results are material-dependent, and evaluation of each specific resin is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica.
| | - Eduardo F de Castro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de C Romano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nima
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - Carlos A K Shimokawa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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23
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Guerrero-Gironés J, López-García S, Pecci-Lloret MR, Pecci-Lloret MP, Lozano FJR, García-Bernal D. In vitro biocompatibility testing of 3D printing and conventional resins for occlusal devices. J Dent 2022; 123:104163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Katheng A, Kanazawa M, Komagamine Y, Iwaki M, Namano S, Minakuchi S. Effect of post-rinsing time and method on accuracy of denture base manufactured with stereolithography. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:45-55. [PMID: 35284051 PMCID: PMC8891682 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSION
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Affiliation(s)
- Awutsadaporn Katheng
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Manabu Kanazawa
- Department of Digital Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Komagamine
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Iwaki
- Department of Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahaprom Namano
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minakuchi
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hata K, Ikeda H, Nagamatsu Y, Masaki C, Hosokawa R, Shimizu H. Development of Dental Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Resin for Stereolithography Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244435. [PMID: 34960985 PMCID: PMC8706392 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in dental applications. However, PMMA specialized for stereolithography (SLA) additive manufacturing (3D-printing) has not been developed yet. This study aims to develop a novel PMMA-based resin for SLA 3D-printing by mixing methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and PMMA powder in various mixing ratios. The printability and the viscosity of the PMMA-based resins were examined to determine their suitability for 3D-printing. The mechanical properties (flexural strength and Vickers hardness), shear bond strength, degree of conversion, physicochemical properties (water sorption and solubility), and cytotoxicity for L929 cells of the resulting resins were compared with those of three commercial resins: one self-cured resin and two 3D-print resins. EGDMA and PMMA were found to be essential components for SLA 3D-printing. The viscosity increased with PMMA content, while the mechanical properties improved as EGDMA content increased. The shear bond strength tended to decrease as EGDMA increased. Based on these characteristics, the optimal composition was determined to be 30% PMMA, 56% EGDMA, 14% MMA with flexural strength (84.6 ± 7.1 MPa), Vickers hardness (21.6 ± 1.9), and shear bond strength (10.5 ± 1.8 MPa) which were comparable to or higher than those of commercial resins. The resin’s degree of conversion (71.5 ± 0.7%), water sorption (19.7 ± 0.6 μg/mm3), solubility (below detection limit), and cell viability (80.7 ± 6.2% at day 10) were all acceptable for use in an oral environment. The printable PMMA-based resin is a potential candidate material for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hata
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (K.H.); (C.M.); (R.H.)
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (Y.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (Y.N.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-582-1131; Fax: +81-93-592-1699
| | - Yuki Nagamatsu
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (Y.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (K.H.); (C.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (K.H.); (C.M.); (R.H.)
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Functions, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan; (Y.N.); (H.S.)
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Abad-Coronel C, Carrera E, Mena Córdova N, Fajardo JI, Aliaga P. Comparative Analysis of Fracture Resistance between CAD/CAM Materials for Interim Fixed Prosthesis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7791. [PMID: 34947384 PMCID: PMC8706852 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the resistance to fracture of interim restorations obtained through additive techniques (3D impressions) and subtractive techniques (milling) using a computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) system of a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) to ascertain its clinical importance. (1) Materials and methods: In total, 40 samples were manufactured and divided into two groups (n = 20) using: (1) light-curing micro hybrid resin for temporary crowns and bridges (PriZma 3D Bio Prov, MarketechLabs, São Paulo, Brazil) for the rapid prototyping group (RP) and (2) a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) CAD/CAM disc (Vipiblock Trilux, VIPI, São Paulo, Brazil) for the computer-assisted milling (CC). The resistance to fracture was determined with a universal testing machine. (2) Results: The strength and the standard deviation for the computer-assisted milling group were higher (1663.57 ± 130.25 N) than the rapid prototyping (RP) group, which had lower values of (1437.74 ± 73.41 N). (3) Conclusions: The provisional restorations from the computer-assisted milling group showed a greater resistance to fracture than the provisional restorations obtained from the rapid prototyping group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Abad-Coronel
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (E.C.); (N.M.C.)
- Department of Digital Dentistry and CAD/CAM Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
| | - Elena Carrera
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (E.C.); (N.M.C.)
| | - Nancy Mena Córdova
- Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador; (E.C.); (N.M.C.)
| | - Jorge I. Fajardo
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca 170517, Ecuador;
| | - Paulina Aliaga
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 170901, Ecuador;
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