Efficacy of biocompatible trilayers nanofibrous scaffold with/without allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells on class II furcation defects of dogs' model

The Use of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells (MSC) for Periodontal and Peri-implant Regeneration: Scoping Review

The necessity for regenerating peri-implant and periodontal tissues is increasingly apparent. Periodontal diseases can result in a significant loss of clinical attachment level, and tissue regeneration stands as the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy. With the rise of osseointegration, the prosthetic rehabilitation of missing teeth using dental implants has surged, leading to a frequent need for alveolar bone regeneration around implants. This review assessed studies reporting various sources of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) and their potential in regenerating periodontal and peri-implant bone tissue. A search was conducted across seven databases spanning the past decade. Three authors independently screened all identified titles and abstracts for eligibility, generating tables to summarize included studies in animals and humans separately. A total of 55 articles were chosen for final evaluation, showcasing five origins of MSC used in humans and animals for regenerating periodontal tissues and peri-implant bone, using different types of scaffolds. Overall, research from the past decades supports the effectiveness of MSC in promoting periodontal and peri-implant regeneration. However, the impact of MSC on regenerative therapies in humans is still in its initial stages. Future research should optimize MSC application protocols by combining techniques, such as the use of nanomedicine and 3D printing for tissue engineering. Clinical studies should also understand the long-term effects and compare MSC therapies with current treatment modalities. By addressing these areas, the scientific community can ensure that MSC therapies are both safe and effective, ultimately enhancing therapeutic strategies and treatment outcomes in Periodontology and Implantology.

Nanomaterials for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration: Progress, Challenges and Future Perspectives

Bioactive nanomaterials are increasingly being applied in oral health research. Specifically, they have shown great potential for periodontal tissue regeneration and have substantially improved oral health in translational and clinical applications. However, their limitations and side effects still need to be explored and elucidated. This article aims to review the recent advancements in nanomaterials applied for periodontal tissue regeneration and to discuss future research directions in this field, especially focusing on research using nanomaterials to improve oral health. The biomimetic and physiochemical properties of nanomaterials such as metals and polymer composites are described in detail, including their effects on the regeneration of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament, cementum and gingiva. Finally, the biomedical safety issues of their application as regenerative materials are updated, with a discussion about their complications and future perspectives. Although the applications of bioactive nanomaterials in the oral cavity are still at an initial stage, and pose numerous challenges, recent research suggests that they are a promising alternative in periodontal tissue regeneration.

Polycaprolactone-based scaffolds for guided tissue regeneration in periodontal therapy: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a highly recognized synthetic polymer for its biocompatibility, ease of fabrication and mechanical strength in bone tissue engineering. Its applications have extended broadly, including regeneration of oral and maxillofacial lost tissues. Its usefulness has brought attention of researchers to regenerate periodontal lost tissues, including alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum. The aim of this systematic review was to obtain an updated analysis of the contribution of PCL-based scaffolds in the alveolar bone regeneration process.

METHODS

This review adheres to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for systematic reviews. A computerized search of the PubMed, EBSCO, Scielo and Web of Science databases was performed, restricting literature search to published studies in English or Spanish between January 2002 and March 2023. Database search returned 248 studies which were screened based on title, author names and publication dates.

RESULTS

Data from 17 studies were reviewed and tabulated. All studies combined PCL with other biomaterials (such as Alginate, hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)), growth factors (BMP-2, rhCEMP1), and/or mesenchymal stromal cells (adipose-derived, bone marrow, periodontal ligament or gingiva mesenchymal stromal cells). PCL scaffolds showed higher cell viability and osteoinductive potential when combined with bioactive agents. Complementary, its degradation rates were affected by the addition or exposure to specific substances, such as: Dopamine, Cerium Oxide, PLGA and hydrogen peroxide.

CONCLUSIONS

PCL is an effective biomaterial for alveolar bone regeneration in periodontally affected teeth. It could be part of a new generation of biomaterials with improved regenerative potential.

Polycaprolactone scaffolds as a biomaterial for cementoblast delivery: An in vitro study

OBJECTIVE

To define the potential of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold for cementoblast delivery.

BACKGROUND

Dental cementum is critical for tooth attachment and position, and its regenerative capabilities remain unpredictable.

METHODS

PCL scaffolds were manufactured by the electrospinning technique at 10% and 20% (w/v) and seeded with cementoblasts (OCCM-30). Scaffolds were characterized for their morphology and biological performance by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal and conventional histology, cytocompatibility (PrestoBlue assay), gene expression (type I collagen - Col1; bone sialoprotein - Bsp; runt-related transcription factor 2 - Runx-2; alkaline phosphatase - Alpl; osteopontin - Opn; osteocalcin - Ocn, osterix - Osx), and the potential to induce extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization in vitro.

RESULTS

Overall, data analysis showed that PCL scaffolds allowed cell adhesion and proliferation, modulated the expression of key markers of cementoblasts, and led to enhanced extracellular matrix deposition and calcium deposition as compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION

Altogether, our findings allow concluding that PCL scaffolds are a viable tool to culture OCCM-30 cells, leading to an increased potential to promote mineralization in vitro. Further studies should be designed in order to define the clinical relevance of cementoblast-loaded PCL scaffolds to promote new cementum formation.