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Attik N, Richert R, Garoushi S. Biomechanics, Bioactive and Biomimetic philosophy in restorative dentistry ̶ Quo vadis? J Dent 2024; 148:105036. [PMID: 38702037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, restorative dentistry has embraced various techniques, including direct, semi-direct, and indirect restorations, to address the replacement of lost tooth tissue. The focus has been on integrating the principles of Biomechanics, Bioactivity, and Biomimicry (3-Bio) as key drivers behind these innovations. METHODS The aim of this article is to provide a concise overview of three important aspects of restorative dental materials: biomechanics, bioactivity and biomimetics. Further, the aim is to provide readers with relevant information on the 3-Bio concept, offering insights in to the innovative approaches shaping modern restorative dentistry. RESULTS Developing restorative materials with interactive properties aligned with the 3-Bio concept poses a significant challenge. Currently, dentistry lacks a comprehensive system in this regard. The development of dental materials based on the 3-Bio concept could potentially elicit positive mechanical and biological responses in targeted tooth tissues. CONCLUSION Assessing several parameters through a battery of in vitro and in silico assays could help in tailoring the different aspects of the 3-Bio concept, spanning from bioactivity to biomimetics via biomechanics. This approach could allow the prediction and translation of the clinical performance of the assessed restorative materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings of this opinion article highlight that the development of restorative materials aligned with the 3-Bio concept could enhance the management of dental defects and extend the longevity of bonded restorations, thereby improving patient care through tissue preservation. More collective efforts between clinicians, researchers, and even industrial partners are required to fully understand the correlation between bioactive behavior, biomechanical limitations, and biomimetics to provide suitable restorative materials for specific clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Attik
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69008, France; Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Villeurbanne F-69622, France.
| | - Raphael Richert
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69008, France; Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, LaMCoS, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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AlJarboua RT, Alshihry RA, Alkhaldi HO, Al Marar FH, Aljaffary MA, Almana ML, Balhaddad AA, Alkhateeb O. Effect of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Placement Site on Fracture Resistance of Premolar Teeth: An in vitro Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2024; 16:255-266. [PMID: 39006828 PMCID: PMC11244617 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s461134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the fracture behavior of upper premolars with deep MOD cavities that were restored with Ribbond resin-reinforced fibers (FRCs) placed in different orientations. Methods A total of 54 extracted maxillary premolars were randomly divided into nine groups. The experimental groups underwent MOD cavity preparation with or without root canal treatment, followed by FRCs placed in the pulpal floor, proximal walls, or both. Fracture resistance was tested using an Instron Machine. The samples were visually inspected to analyze the fracture mode. Results The highest fracture resistance was observed in intact teeth (1299.98 ± 284.66 MPa). Placing Ribbond fibers in the pulpal floor (1155.86 ± 244.21 MPa) or the proximal walls (1077.56 ± 260.60 MPa) significantly improved fracture resistance (p= <0.05), compared to cavities restored with only resin composite (804.58 ± 93.34 MPa). However, placing Ribbond fibers in both the pulpal and proximal walls did not enhance fracture resistance. In the MOD-RCT groups, fracture resistance was improved only when Ribbond fibers were placed in the pulpal floor and the proximal walls. Fracture mode analysis revealed a combined fracture in most of the groups. Conclusion This study concluded that using FRCs significantly improved the fracture resistance of MOD cavities in premolars and revealed that the placement site could be a determinant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Tariq AlJarboua
- Internship Program, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Ahmad Alshihry
- Internship Program, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Othman Alkhaldi
- Internship Program, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadak Hussain Al Marar
- Internship Program, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Aljaffary
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed L Almana
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Alkhateeb
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Rohym SM, Badra H, Nassar H. Comparative evaluation of marginal adaptation and fatigue resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored with direct and indirect coronal restorations: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:696. [PMID: 38879492 PMCID: PMC11179332 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An optimum restoration for reconstructing endodontically treated teeth should provide excellent marginal adaptation, high fracture resistance as well as maximum tooth structure conservation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation and fatigue resistance of different coronal restorations in endodontically treated premolars. METHODS Thirty sound maxillary first premolars were endodontically treated and received MOD cavities. Teeth were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 10) according to the type of coronal restoration: Group R: polyethylene fibers (ribbond), fibers-reinforced composite (everX posterior) and final layer of nano-hybrid composite. Group O: indirect lithium disilicate overlay and Group C: fiber-post, resin composite restoration, and lithium disilicate crown. Marginal gap assessment was performed before and after thermocycling (5000 cycles) using stereomicroscope. Samples were subjected to stepwise-stress loading starting at 200 N, and increased by 100 N in each step until failure occurred. Statistical analysis was done by One-way ANOVA followed Tukey`s Post Hoc test for multiple comparison. Paired t test was used to compare the marginal adaptation before and after thermocycling. Survival probability was evaluated by Life table survival analysis. Failure mode analysis was performed with Chi-square test. RESULTS Marginal gap was significantly the lowest in group R (37.49 ± 5.05) and (42.68 ± 2.38), while being the highest in group C (59.78 ± 5.67) and (71.52 ± 5.18) in before and after thermocycling respectively (P < 0.0001). Fatigue resistance was the highest for group O (1310.8 ± 196.7), and the lowest for group R (905.4 ± 170.51) with a significant difference between groups (P < 0.0001). Crown group had the highest percentage (80%) of catastrophic failure, while, overlay group exhibited the lowest (20%). CONCLUSIONS Direct restoration without cuspal coverage using ribbon fibers with short FRC provided better marginal adaptation than indirect overlays and crowns, but fatigue resistance wasn't significantly improved. Adhesive ceramic overlays showed the best fatigue performance and the least catastrophic failure rate compared to both direct fiber-reinforced composite and indirect ceramic full coverage restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Indirect adhesive overlays are a suitable, more conservative restorative option for endodontically treated teeth than full coverage restorations, especially when tooth structure is severely compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Mohammed Rohym
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt.
| | - Heba Badra
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Nassar
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
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Fráter M, Grosz J, Jakab A, Braunitzer G, Tarjányi T, Gulyás G, Bali K, Villa-Machado PA, Garoushi S, Forster A. Evaluation of microhardness of short fiber-reinforced composites inside the root canal after different light curing methods - An in vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106324. [PMID: 38113823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short fiber-reinforced composite (SFRC) materials make it possible to reinforce root canal treated teeth with individualized, directly layered intraradicular posts (the Bioblock technique). The question arises, however, as to whether the photopolymerization of the material is sufficient deep within the root canal space and if it can be improved through different light-conducting options. Our study aimed to investigate the hardness of intraradicular SFRC material applied using the Bioblock technique and cured with various illumination methods, as measured through nanoindentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this investigation, thirty plastic artificial teeth that had undergone root canal treatment were selected. These teeth were randomly divided into six study groups (Group 1-6; each group consisting of 5 teeth). The restoration procedures involved the use of SFRC or conventional composite materials, placed 6 mm apically from the root canal orifice. In Group 1 and 2, a conventional composite was used, whereas in Group 3-6, SFRC was employed for interradicular reinforcement (with a layered technique in Group 3 and 4 and a bulk-fill technique in Group 5 and 6). A modified light source was utilized for photopolymerization in Group 2, 4, and 6, whereas in Group 3 and 5, the polymerization light was directed through a prefabricated glass fiber posts. The control group (Group 1) utilized conventional composite material with a standard light-curing method. Following embedding and sectioning, the hardness of the composite materials was measured at 2 mm intervals within the root canal (1st, 2nd, 3rd measurements, in the coronal to apical direction). RESULTS During the 1st measurement, light curing conducted through the glass fiber posts (Group 3 and 5) led to markedly higher hardness levels compared to the groups restored with conventional composite (control group with p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and Group 2 with p = 0.043, p = 0.034, respectively). In the 2nd measurement, only Group 5 demonstrated significantly greater hardness in comparison to the control group (p = 0.003) and Group 2 (p = 0.015). However, in the 3rd measurement, no statistically significant differences were observed among the groups. CONCLUSION light curing through the glass fiber post provides outstanding hardness for the SFRC material in the apical layer in the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márk Fráter
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - János Grosz
- Urban Regeneration Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Jakab
- Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Tarjányi
- SEMILAB Semiconductor Physics Laboratory Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary; Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gulyás
- SEMILAB Semiconductor Physics Laboratory Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bali
- SEMILAB Semiconductor Physics Laboratory Co. Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Garoushi S, Barlas D, Vallittu PK, Uctasli MB, Lassila L. Fracture behavior of short fiber-reinforced CAD/CAM inlay restorations after cyclic fatigue aging. Odontology 2024; 112:138-147. [PMID: 37097420 PMCID: PMC10776750 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the fracture behavior of molar teeth restored with MOD inlays made of experimental short fiber-reinforced CAD/CAM composite block (SFRC CAD) before and after cyclic fatigue aging. Standardized MOD cavities were prepared on 60 intact mandibular molars. Three groups of CAD/CAM made inlay restorations (Cerasmart 270, Enamic, and SFRC CAD) were fabricated (n = 20/group). All restorations were luted with self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement (G-Cem One). Half of restored teeth per each group (n = 10) were quasi-statically loaded until fracture without aging. The other half underwent cyclic fatigue aging for 500,000 cycles (Fmax = 150 N) before being loaded quasi-statically until fracture. Then, the fracture type was visually inspected. The microstructure and elemental content of CAD/CAM materials were assessed using SEM and EDS. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically examine the data, and it was followed by the Tukey HSD test (α = 0.05). ANOVA demonstrated that both material type and aging had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the load-bearing capacity values of the restorations. Teeth restored with SFRC CAD showed significantly the highest (p < 0.05) load-bearing capacity (2535 ± 830 N) after fatigue aging among all groups. SEM images showed the ability of short fibers in SFRC CAD composite to redirect and hinder crack propagation. With regard to fracture mode, Enamic group revealed 85% of catastrophic failure (vs. 45% and 10% for Cerasmart 270 and SFRC CAD, respectively). Large MOD cavities on molar teeth were most favorably restored with SFRC CAD inlays, yielding the highest load-bearing capacity and more restorable failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - D Barlas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - P K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of South-West Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - M B Uctasli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - L Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Fousekis E, Lolis A, Marinakis E, Oikonomou E, Foros P, Koletsi D, Eliades G. Short fiber-reinforced composite resins as post-and-core materials for endodontically treated teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00643-1. [PMID: 37919126 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM As the use of traditional posts has been associated with complications and failure outcomes, the introduction of novel materials and minimally invasive dentistry has shifted toward the use of composite resin post-and-core restorations for endodontically treated teeth. As a further process, to improve stress absorption environment in restored teeth, the invention of short fiber-reinforced composite resins (SFRCs) as post-and-core restorations has recently emerged. However, evidence regarding its performance is still scarce, and a synthesis of existing data is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the performance of SFRC post-and-core restorations, regarding fracture resistance and failure mode and considering both cyclic and static loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS An electronic search in 5 databases was conducted up to August 2022, and the protocol of the study was registered a priori. The search terms included "fiber reinforced composite," "core build-up," and "post." Studies were considered if they compared SFRC restorations with other types of conventional posts and teeth restored using bulk fill composite resin. The internal validity of the studies was assessed by using a custom-made risk of bias tool. RESULTS A total of 1271 records were identified, of which 13 were considered for full-text assessment. Eight were ultimately included, all being in vitro studies, and 7 of them were deemed eligible for quantitative syntheses. The results varied considerably across studies with divergent fracture resistance values and percentages of catastrophic failure being reported. Standard depth (6 mm) SFRCs presented fewer repetitions until fracture on average, compared with the individually made FRCs (3 studies: mean difference (MD): -4062; 95% CI: -6148, -1975; P<.001) under cyclic loading. Under static loading, SFRCs (standard depth) presented a nearly 300 N lower fracture force compared with that of intact teeth, (3 studies: MD: -297; 95%CI: -378, -216; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Evidence on the laboratory fracture and failure performance of SFRCs is limited, and future studies should incorporate more standardized experimental conditions, as well as SFRCs with limited sacrifice of tooth substrate within the root canal of endodontically treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ektoras Fousekis
- Researcher, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Lolis
- Researcher, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Marinakis
- Researcher, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elissaios Oikonomou
- Researcher, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Petros Foros
- Researcher, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Koletsi
- Senior Teaching and Research Staff, Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and Research Affiliate, Meta, Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - George Eliades
- Professor and Director, Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Fatigue performance of endodontically treated molars reinforced with different fiber systems. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04934-2. [PMID: 36862198 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the fatigue performance of root canal-treated (RCT) molars restored with different direct restorations utilizing discontinuous and continuous fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) systems. The impact of direct cuspal coverage was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty intact third molars extracted for periodontal or orthodontic reasons were randomly divided into six groups (n=20). Standardized MOD, regular cavities for direct restorations were prepared in all specimens, and subsequently, root canal treatment and root canal obturation was carried out. After the endodontic treatment, the cavities were restored with different fiber-reinforced direct restorations as follows: SFC group (control), discontinuous short fiber-reinforced composite (SFC) without cuspal coverage (CC); SFC+CC group, SFC with cuspal coverage; PFRC group, transcoronal fixation with continuous polyethylene fibers without CC; PFRC+CC group, transcoronal fixation with continuous polyethylene fibers with CC; GFRC group, continuous glass FRC post without CC; and GFRC+CC, continuous glass FRC post with CC. All specimens underwent a fatigue survival test in a cyclic loading machine until fracture occurred or 40,000 cycles were completed. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted, followed by pairwise log-rank post hoc comparisons between the individual groups (Mantel-Cox). RESULTS The PFRC+CC group was characterized by significantly higher survival compared to all the groups (p < 0.05), except for the control group (p = 0.317). In contrast, the GFRC group showed significantly lower survival compared to all the groups (p < 0.05), except for the SFC+CC group (p = 0.118). The control group (SFC) showed statistically higher survival than the SFRC+CC group (p < 0.05) and GFRC group (p < 0.05), but it did not differ significantly from the rest of the groups in terms of survival. CONCLUSIONS Direct restorations utilizing continuous FRC systems (in the form of polyethylene fibers or FRC post) to restore RCT molar MOD cavities performed better in terms of fatigue resistance when CC was performed compared to the same FRC restorations without CC. On the contrary, teeth restored with SFC restorations performed better without CC compared to the ones where SFC was covered. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the case of fiber-reinforced direct restorations for MOD cavities in RCT molars, direct CC is recommended when utilizing long continuous fibers for reinforcement, however, should be avoided when only SFC is used for their reinforcement.
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Lassila L, Tuokko J, Suni A, Garoushi S, Vallittu PK. Effect of interfacial surface treatment on bond strength of particulate-filled composite to short fiber-reinforced composite. Biomater Investig Dent 2022; 9:33-40. [PMID: 35559270 PMCID: PMC9090340 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2022.2070489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim was to investigate the effect of different interfacial surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) between a short fiber-reinforced flowable composite (SFRC) and a particulate-filled flowable composite (PFC). In addition, SBS between two successive layers of similar materials was evaluated. Materials and methods One-hundred and forty-four specimens were prepared having either SFRC (everX Flow) as a substructure composite and PFC (G-aenial Flo X) as a surface composite or having one of the two materials as both substructure and surface layer. Eight groups of specimens were created (n = 18/per group) according to the interfacial surface protocol used. Group 1: no treatment; Group 2: ethanol one wipe; Group 3: ethanol three wipes; Group 4: phosphoric acid etching + bonding agent; Group 5: hydrofluoric acid etching + bonding agent; and Group 6: grinding + phosphoric acid etching. Group 7: only PFC layers and Group 8 (control) only SFRC layers without any surface treatment. After one-day storage (37 °C), SBS between surface and substructure composite layers was measured in a universal testing machine, and failure modes were visually analyzed. SEM was used to examine the bonding surface of the SFRC composite after surface treatment. SBS values were statistically analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey HSD test (α = .05). Results The SBS between successive SFRC layers (Group 8) was statistically (p < .05) the highest (43.7 MPa) among tested groups. Surface roughening by grinding followed by phosphoric acid etching (Group 6) resulted in a higher SBS (28.8 MPa) than the remaining surface treatments. Conclusion Flowable composite with glass fibers (everX Flow) showed higher interlayer SBS compared to PFC flowable composite. Interfacial surface roughness increases the bonding of PFC to the substructure of SFRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - J. Tuokko
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A. Suni
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S. Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,CONTACT S. Garoushi Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry and TCBC, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - P. K. Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
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Fracture Resistance of Anterior Crowns Reinforced by Short-Fiber Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091809. [PMID: 35566978 PMCID: PMC9104931 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the load-bearing capacity of anterior crowns made of different commercial particulate-filled composites (PFCs) and reinforced by a core of short-fiber composite (SFC) (bilayer structure). Four groups of composite crowns were fabricated for an upper central incisor (n = 20/group). Two groups were made of chair-side PFC composites (G-aenial anterior, GC, Japan and Denfil, Vericom, Korea) with or without SFC-core (everX Flow, GC). One group was made of laboratory PFC composite (Gradia Plus, GC) with or without SFC-core. The last group was made of plain SFC composite polymerized with a hand-light curing unit only or further polymerized in a light-curing oven. Using a universal-testing device, crown restorations were statically loaded until they fractured, and failure modes were visually investigated. Analysis of variance (p = 0.05) was used to evaluate the data, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Bilayer structure crowns with SFC-core and surface PFC gave superior load-bearing capacity values compared to those made of monolayer PFC composites; however, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the chair-side composite groups. Additional polymerization has no impact on the load-bearing capacity values of SFC crowns. Using SFC as a core material with PFC veneering composite to strengthen anterior crown restorations proved to be a promising strategy for further testing.
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