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Park J, Lim Y, Park C, Kum KY, Yun CH, Park OJ, Han SH. Heat-killed Lancefieldella Rimae Induces Bone Resorption by Promoting Osteoclast Differentiation. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00476-X. [PMID: 39182718 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apical periodontitis, mainly caused by bacterial infection in the dental pulp, is often accompanied by abscess, periapical inflammation, and alveolar bone loss. Lancefieldella rimae has been detected in the root canals of patients with apical periodontitis. Here, we investigated whether L. rimae is associated with bone resorption. METHODS L. rimae was anaerobically cultured and heat-killed (HKLr). A mouse calvarial implantation model was used to determine the bone resorption in vivo. Committed osteoclasts prepared from C57BL/6 wild-type or Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficient mice were differentiated into mature osteoclasts in the presence or absence of HKLr. The mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D2, cathepsin K, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was quantified using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of c-Fos and NFATc1 were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Implantation of HKLr onto the mouse calvaria induced the bone destruction with an increase of TRAP-positive areas. While HKLr enhanced the differentiation of osteoclasts, this effect was not observed in TLR2-deficient osteoclasts. HKLr dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression of genes associated with osteoclast differentiation including TRAP, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit D2, and cathepsin K. In addition, HKLr enhanced the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, which are important transcription factors for osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, HKLr increased the expression of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSION L. rimae induces bone resorption by enhancing osteoclast differentiation through the TLR2 signaling pathway, implying that L. rimae is a causative agent responsible for the alveolar bone resorption accompanying apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsung Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Lim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeon Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, DRI, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and DRI, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Regueira-Iglesias A, Suárez-Rodríguez B, Blanco-Pintos T, Relvas M, Alonso-Sampedro M, Balsa-Castro C, Tomás I. The salivary microbiome as a diagnostic biomarker of periodontitis: a 16S multi-batch study before and after the removal of batch effects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1405699. [PMID: 39071165 PMCID: PMC11272481 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1405699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbiome-based clinical applications that improve diagnosis related to oral health are of great interest to precision dentistry. Predictive studies on the salivary microbiome are scarce and of low methodological quality (low sample sizes, lack of biological heterogeneity, and absence of a validation process). None of them evaluates the impact of confounding factors as batch effects (BEs). This is the first 16S multi-batch study to analyze the salivary microbiome at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level in terms of differential abundance and machine learning models. This is done in periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients before and after removing BEs. Methods Saliva was collected from 124 patients (50 healthy, 74 periodontitis) in our setting. Sequencing of the V3-V4 16S rRNA gene region was performed in Illumina MiSeq. In parallel, searches were conducted on four databases to identify previous Illumina V3-V4 sequencing studies on the salivary microbiome. Investigations that met predefined criteria were included in the analysis, and the own and external sequences were processed using the same bioinformatics protocol. The statistical analysis was performed in the R-Bioconductor environment. Results The elimination of BEs reduced the number of ASVs with differential abundance between the groups by approximately one-third (Before=265; After=190). Before removing BEs, the model constructed using all study samples (796) comprised 16 ASVs (0.16%) and had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.944, sensitivity of 90.73%, and specificity of 87.16%. The model built using two-thirds of the specimens (training=531) comprised 35 ASVs (0.36%) and had an AUC of 0.955, sensitivity of 86.54%, and specificity of 90.06% after being validated in the remaining one-third (test=265). After removing BEs, the models required more ASVs (all samples=200-2.03%; training=100-1.01%) to obtain slightly lower AUC (all=0.935; test=0.947), lower sensitivity (all=81.79%; test=78.85%), and similar specificity (all=91.51%; test=90.68%). Conclusions The removal of BEs controls false positive ASVs in the differential abundance analysis. However, their elimination implies a significantly larger number of predictor taxa to achieve optimal performance, creating less robust classifiers. As all the provided models can accurately discriminate health from periodontitis, implying good/excellent sensitivities/specificities, the salivary microbiome demonstrates potential clinical applicability as a precision diagnostic tool for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Berta Suárez-Rodríguez
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Triana Blanco-Pintos
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Relvas
- Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (IUCS-CESPU), Unidade de Investigação em Patologia e Reabilitação Oral (UNIPRO), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Alonso-Sampedro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Chen X, Li X, Yang K, Fang J. Maternal periodontitis may cause lower birth weight in children: genetic evidence from a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study on periodontitis and pregnancy. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:194. [PMID: 38441677 PMCID: PMC10914849 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to comprehensively investigate the potential genetic link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed robust genetic instruments for chronic periodontitis as exposure data from the FinnGen database. Data encompassing various pregnancy stage outcomes, including pre-pregnancy conditions (irregular menstruation, endometriosis, abnormal reproductive bleeding, and female infertility), pregnancy complications (hemorrhage, spontaneous miscarriage, and abnormalities in products), and post-pregnancy factors (single spontaneous delivery, labor duration, and birth weight of the child), were obtained from the UK Biobank. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized to compute primary estimates while diligently assessing potential directional pleiotropy and heterogeneity. RESULTS Our findings indicate a negative association between periodontitis and labor duration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.999; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.999 to 1.000; P = 0.017). Individuals with periodontitis are more likely to deliver lower-weight infants (OR = 0.983; 95% CI: 0.972 to 0.995; P = 0.005). We found no evidence of pleiotropy or heterogeneity in aforementioned two associations. We did not observe casual links with pre-pregnancy conditions and pregnancy complications. CONCLUSIONS This Mendelian Randomization study underscores the genetic influence of periodontitis on specific adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly concerning labor duration and lower birth weight deliveries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study emphasizes the critical importance of maintaining periodontal health during pregnancy and offers genetic evidence supporting these associations. Further investigation is required to delve deeper into the specific underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixiong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, First people's Hospital of Linping District, No. 365 Yingbing Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Stomatology, First people's Hospital of Linping District, No. 365 Yingbing Road, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, First people's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Fang
- Department of Nursing, Shaoxing Seventh people's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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Wen X, Fu X, Zhao C, Yang L, Huang R. The bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy via the interaction of oral microorganisms, hormone and immune response. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1070917. [PMID: 36778874 PMCID: PMC9908602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease has been suggested to be linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are a significant public health issue with important clinical and societal repercussions. This article systematically reviews the available epidemiological studies involving the relationship between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes over the past 15 years, and finds a weak but independent association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontal disease. The bidirectional association and the potential mechanisms are then explored, focusing on three possible mechanisms: inflammatory reaction, oral microorganisms and immune response. Specifically, elevated systemic inflammation and increased periodontal pathogens with their toxic products, along with a relatively suppressed immune system may lead to the disruption of homeostasis within fetal-placental unit and thus induce adverse pregnancy outcomes. This review also explains the possible mechanisms around why women are more susceptible to periodontal disease. In conclusion, pregnant women are more likely to develop periodontal disease due to hormonal changes, and periodontal disease has also been suspected to increase the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, in order to lessen the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, both obstetricians and dentists should pay attention to the development of periodontal diseases among women during pregnancy.
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Toyama N, Ekuni D, Yokoi A, Fukuhara D, Islam MM, Sawada N, Nakashima Y, Nakahara M, Sumita I, Morita M. Features of the oral microbiome in Japanese elderly people with 20 or more teeth and a non-severe periodontal condition during periodontal maintenance treatment: A cross-sectional study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:957890. [PMID: 36275030 PMCID: PMC9582337 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.957890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the present study was to characterize the profile and diversity of the oral microbiome of a periodontally non-severe group with ≥20 teeth in comparison with a severe periodontitis group of elderly Japanese people. Methods A total of 50 patients who had ≥20 teeth and aged ≥60 years were recruited, and 34 participants (13 non-severe participants) were analyzed. After oral rinse (saliva after rinsing) sample collection, the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced to investigate microbiome composition, alpha diversity (Shannon index, Simpson index, richness, and evenness), and beta diversity using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances. A linear discriminant analysis effect size was calculated to identify bacterial species in the periodontally non-severe group. Results The periodontally non-severe group showed lower alpha diversity than that of the severe periodontitis group (p <0.05); however, the beta diversities were not significantly different. A higher relative abundance of four bacterial species (Prevotella nanceiensis, Gemella sanguinis, Fusobacterium periodonticum, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae) was observed in the non-severe group than that in the severe periodontitis group. Conclusion The oral microbiome in elderly Japanese people with ≥20 teeth and a non-severe periodontal condition was characterized by low alpha diversity and the presence of four bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Toyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Naoki Toyama,
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Aya Yokoi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nanami Sawada
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukiho Nakashima
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Momoko Nakahara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sumita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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