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Ahn HJ, Byun SH, Baek SH, Park SY, Yi SM, Park IY, On SW, Kim JC, Yang BE. A Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence and Manual Methods for Three-Dimensional Anatomical Landmark Identification in Dentofacial Treatment Planning. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:318. [PMID: 38671740 PMCID: PMC11048285 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the growing demand for orthognathic surgery and other facial treatments, the accurate identification of anatomical landmarks has become crucial. Recent advancements have shifted towards using three-dimensional radiologic analysis instead of traditional two-dimensional methods, as it allows for more precise treatment planning, primarily relying on direct identification by clinicians. However, manual tracing can be time-consuming, mainly when dealing with a large number of patients. This study compared the accuracy and reliability of identifying anatomical landmarks using artificial intelligence (AI) and manual identification. Thirty patients over 19 years old who underwent pre-orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment and had pre-orthodontic three-dimensional radiologic scans were selected. Thirteen anatomical indicators were identified using both AI and manual methods. The landmarks were identified by AI and four experienced clinicians, and multiple ANOVA was performed to analyze the results. The study results revealed minimal significant differences between AI and manual tracing, with a maximum deviation of less than 2.83 mm. This indicates that utilizing AI to identify anatomical landmarks can be a reliable method in planning orthognathic surgery. Our findings suggest that using AI for anatomical landmark identification can enhance treatment accuracy and reliability, ultimately benefiting clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Ahn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.A.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-M.Y.); (J.-C.K.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (I.-Y.P.); (S.-W.O.)
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Byun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.A.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-M.Y.); (J.-C.K.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (I.-Y.P.); (S.-W.O.)
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Hoon Baek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.A.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-M.Y.); (J.-C.K.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (I.-Y.P.); (S.-W.O.)
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.A.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-M.Y.); (J.-C.K.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (I.-Y.P.); (S.-W.O.)
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Yi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.A.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-M.Y.); (J.-C.K.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (I.-Y.P.); (S.-W.O.)
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Park
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (I.-Y.P.); (S.-W.O.)
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woon On
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (I.-Y.P.); (S.-W.O.)
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hawseong 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.A.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-M.Y.); (J.-C.K.)
- Mir Dental Hospital, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Eun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.A.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (S.-M.Y.); (J.-C.K.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (I.-Y.P.); (S.-W.O.)
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
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Bouchalakis A, Somani BK, Lima E, Rassweiler-Seyfried MC, Mamoulakis C, Tokas T. Navigation systems and 3D imaging in percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: improving outcomes and safety. Curr Opin Urol 2024; 34:105-109. [PMID: 37889519 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is the first-line management option for large kidney stones (>2 cm). It remains, however, a demanding procedure with considerable morbidity. The present narrative review summarizes recent knowledge from original research studies investigating navigation systems/three-dimensional (3D) imaging in PCNL, particularly on publications during the past 12-18 months. RECENT FINDINGS Navigation systems and 3D imaging are primarily used for preoperative planning, with few intra-operative applications. Patient management and residents' training could benefit from their use. SUMMARY Navigation systems and 3D imaging technology have emerged as a potential game-changer in PCNL. Even though available evidence is currently scarce/inconclusive, the safety/efficacy of navigation systems and 3D dimensional imaging use in PCNL appears promising. This advanced technology offers precise anatomical mapping, improved visualization, and surgical accuracy. Enabling a comprehensive preoperative evaluation and improving guidance, navigation systems, and 3D imaging technology may improve the safety and efficacy of PCNL. With continuous technological evolution, it is expected that improvements/innovations will offer further aid in such demanding procedures. Familiarization and cost reduction are necessary for widespread application, while larger-scale prospective studies and well designed randomized controlled trials are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Bouchalakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Bhaskar Kumar Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Estevao Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho
- ICVS/3B's-PT, Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães
- Deparment of Urology, Hospital of Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Theodoros Tokas
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Training and Research in Urological Surgery and Technology (T.R.U.S.T.)-Group, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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Wang Y, Wu W, Christelle M, Sun M, Wen Z, Lin Y, Zhang H, Xu J. Automated localization of mandibular landmarks in the construction of mandibular median sagittal plane. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:84. [PMID: 38287445 PMCID: PMC10823719 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use deep learning to segment the mandible and identify three-dimensional (3D) anatomical landmarks from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, the planes constructed from the mandibular midline landmarks were compared and analyzed to find the best mandibular midsagittal plane (MMSP). METHODS A total of 400 participants were randomly divided into a training group (n = 360) and a validation group (n = 40). Normal individuals were used as the test group (n = 50). The PointRend deep learning mechanism segmented the mandible from CBCT images and accurately identified 27 anatomic landmarks via PoseNet. 3D coordinates of 5 central landmarks and 2 pairs of side landmarks were obtained for the test group. Every 35 combinations of 3 midline landmarks were screened using the template mapping technique. The asymmetry index (AI) was calculated for each of the 35 mirror planes. The template mapping technique plane was used as the reference plane; the top four planes with the smallest AIs were compared through distance, volume difference, and similarity index to find the plane with the fewest errors. RESULTS The mandible was segmented automatically in 10 ± 1.5 s with a 0.98 Dice similarity coefficient. The mean landmark localization error for the 27 landmarks was 1.04 ± 0.28 mm. MMSP should use the plane made by B (supramentale), Gn (gnathion), and F (mandibular foramen). The average AI grade was 1.6 (min-max: 0.59-3.61). There was no significant difference in distance or volume (P > 0.05); however, the similarity index was significantly different (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Deep learning can automatically segment the mandible, identify anatomic landmarks, and address medicinal demands in people without mandibular deformities. The most accurate MMSP was the B-Gn-F plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weizi Wu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mukeshimana Christelle
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Mengyuan Sun
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zehui Wen
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yifan Lin
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hengguo Zhang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University Hefei, 69 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Liu J, Zhang C, Shan Z. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontics: Current State and Future Perspectives. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2760. [PMID: 37893833 PMCID: PMC10606213 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been the notable emergency of artificial intelligence (AI) as a transformative force in multiple domains, including orthodontics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the present state of AI applications in orthodontics, which can be categorized into the following domains: (1) diagnosis, including cephalometric analysis, dental analysis, facial analysis, skeletal-maturation-stage determination and upper-airway obstruction assessment; (2) treatment planning, including decision making for extractions and orthognathic surgery, and treatment outcome prediction; and (3) clinical practice, including practice guidance, remote care, and clinical documentation. We have witnessed a broadening of the application of AI in orthodontics, accompanied by advancements in its performance. Additionally, this review outlines the existing limitations within the field and offers future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Liu
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Zhiyi Shan
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
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