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Kvestad I, Ulak M, Ranjitkar S, Shrestha M, Chandyo RK, Guedeney A, Braarud HC, Hysing M, Strand TA. Social withdrawal behaviour in Nepalese infants and the relationship with future neurodevelopment; a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:195. [PMID: 38500052 PMCID: PMC10946118 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social withdrawal in infants may be a signal of distress and a precursor for non-optimal development. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between infant social withdrawal and neurodevelopment up to 4 years in Nepalese children. METHODS A total of 597 Nepalese infants 6-11 months old were assessed with the modified Alarm Distress Baby Scale (m-ADBB), and of these, 527 with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition (Bayley-III) during early childhood, and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV) and NEPSY-II subtests at 4 years. We examined whether social withdrawal defined by the m-ADBB was associated with neurodevelopmental scores in regression models. RESULTS Children socially withdrawn in infancy had lower Bayley-III language scores (-2.6 (95% CI -4.5, -0.7)) in early childhood. This association seems to be driven by the expressive communication subscale (-0.7 (95% CI -1.0, -0.3)), but not the receptive communication subscale (-0.2 (95% CI -0.6, 0.1)). There were no differences in the other Bayley-III scores or the WPPSI-IV and NEPSY-II scores at 4 years in children who were socially withdrawn or not. CONCLUSION Social withdrawal in infancy was reflected in early language development but not cognitive functioning at 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kvestad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Manjeswori Ulak
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Child Health Research Project, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suman Ranjitkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Child Health Research Project, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Merina Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Child Health Research Project, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ram K Chandyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Hanne C Braarud
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor A Strand
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway.
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Baldwin S, Insan N, Beauchamp H, Gilroy V, Morton A, Barlow J. Feasibility and acceptability of using the Alarm Distress BaBy (ADBB) scale within universal health visiting practice in England: a mixed-methods study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e078579. [PMID: 38030252 PMCID: PMC10689357 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Alarm Distress BaBy (ADBB) scale developed by Guedeney and Fermanian in 2001, is a validated screening tool designed for use by healthcare practitioners to identify infant social withdrawal. This study will explore the acceptability and feasibility of the use of the full ADBB scale and a modified ADBB (m-ADBB) scale as part of routine health visiting visits in England. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A mixed methods sequential exploratory design will be used. Five health visitors will be trained in using the ADBB scale and 20 in the m-ADBB scale, from two National Health Service sites in England. Qualitative semi-structured interviews will be carried out with health visitors after they receive the training and again 2 months after using the scales in routine family health visits. Quantitative data will also be collected from the same participants for a range of items during the study period. The theoretical framework of Normalisation Process Theory will underpin the study, to provide in-depth explanations of the implementation process. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was granted by the University of Oxford Departmental Research Ethics Committee. Dissemination of results will be via organisational websites, social media platforms, newsletters, professional networks, conferences and journal articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharin Baldwin
- Research Department, Institute of Health Visiting, London, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Hilda Beauchamp
- Perinatal Mental Health Team, Institute of Health Visiting, London, UK
| | - Vicky Gilroy
- Research Department, Institute of Health Visiting, London, UK
| | | | - Jane Barlow
- Department of Social Policy, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Okitundu-Luwa D, Imbula Essam B, Sombo Ayanne MT, Ndjukendi Omba A, Otete Djamba F, Kayembe Kalula T, Kamanga Mbuyi T, Guedeney A, Kashala-Abotnes E. Sustained social withdrawal behavior and 'difficult' temperament among infants, in relation to maternal affectivity in a low-income area of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:427-437. [PMID: 34536147 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between maternal affectivity, social withdrawal and temperament in infants in low-income countries. The goal of the study was to assess the prevalence of social withdrawal behavior in infants aged 8 ± 2.3 months and to explore associations between maternal affectivity during pregnancy and postpartum, infant social withdrawal (as a sign of stress) and 'difficult' temperament as assessed by the mothers. 458 mother-infant dyads were recruited in the city's public mother and child health-care centers. The eight items of the Alarm Distress Baby scale (8-ADBB) and the five-item M (modified) ADBB (M-ADBB) were used to assess sustained withdrawal behavior (ISSWB). The Goldberg Depression and Anxiety Scales were used to assess maternal affectivity and mental well-being. A specially designed questionnaire was used to identify stressful events faced by the mother during pregnancy. The ELDEQ-QCB was used to assess the degree of difficulty in managing the baby. Using the M-ADBB, we found a striking figure of 69.2% for ISSWB with 8-ABB (range 0-29) and 72.7% with the M-ADBB (range 0-10). ISSWB was linked to negative maternal affectivity and to high incidence of stressful events for the mothers, and to the child being viewed as 'difficult' by the mother. Positive prenatal affectivity was a protective factor of ISSWB (OR 0.46). Results are compared with previous studies in Africa. Early screening for ISSWB and identification of factors affecting maternal mental well-being could help in early intervention and increase the chances of better child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Okitundu-Luwa
- Unités de Neurologie Pédiatrique et de Neuropsychologie, Département de Neurologie, Centre Neuro Psycho Pathologique du Mont-Amba, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, B.P.825, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Brigitte Imbula Essam
- Service de Psychiatrie Femme et Enfants, Département de psychiatrie, Centre Neuro Psycho Pathologique du Mont-Amba, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marie-Thérèse Sombo Ayanne
- Unité de Neuropsychologie, Département de Neurologie, Centre Neuro Psycho Pathologique du Mont-Amba, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ally Ndjukendi Omba
- Service de Psychiatrie Femme et Enfants, Département de psychiatrie, Centre Neuro Psycho Pathologique du Mont-Amba, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Franck Otete Djamba
- Médecin Chargé de la Recherche et la Documentation Scientifique à la Fondation pour la Promotion et la Protection de la sante mentale de l'enfant «FOPPROSAME Asbl», Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Tharcisse Kayembe Kalula
- Service de Neurodiagnostic, Département de Neurologie, Centre Neuro Psycho Pathologique du Mont-Amba, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Timothée Kamanga Mbuyi
- Département de Psychologie Clinique, Faculté de Psychologie et Sciences de l'Education Département et, Consultant au Département de Neurologie, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Antoine Guedeney
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Paris et Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Espérance Kashala-Abotnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Væver MS, Krogh MT, Stuart AC, Madsen EB, Haase TW, Egmose I. Understanding Your Baby: protocol for a controlled parallel group study of a universal home-based educational program for first time parents. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:223. [PMID: 36138482 PMCID: PMC9502638 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infant mental health represents a significant public health issue. The transition to parenthood provides optimal opportunities for supporting parenting competence. Especially parental mentalization, i.e. the caregiver’s ability to notice and interpret the child’s behavior in terms of mental states, is important in infancy where the caregiver-infant communication is based solely on the infant’s behavioral cues.
Methods This study evaluates the efficacy of the intervention Understanding Your Baby (UYB) compared to Care As Usual (CAU) in 10 Danish municipalities. UYB aims at promoting parental competence in new parents by supporting them in noticing their infants’ behavioral cues and interpreting them in terms of mental states. Participants will be approximately 1,130 singletons and their parents. Inclusion criteria are first-time parents, minimum 18 years old, living in one of the 10 municipalities, and registered in the Danish Civil Registration Register (CPR). Around 230 health visitors deliver the UYB as part of their routine observation of infant social withdrawal in the Danish home visiting program. During an interaction between the health visitor and the infant, the health visitor articulates specific infant behaviors and helps the caregivers interpret these behaviors to mental states. The study is a controlled parallel group study with data obtained at four time points in two phases: First in the control group receiving the publicly available postnatal care (CAU), secondly in the intervention group after UYB implementation into the existing postnatal services. The primary outcome is maternal competence. Secondary measures include paternal competence, parental stress, parental mentalizing, and infant socioemotional development. Analysis will employ survey data and data from the health visitors’ register.
Discussion Results will provide evidence regarding the efficacy of UYB in promoting parenting competences. If proved effective, the study will represent a notable advance to initiating the UYB intervention as part of a better infant mental health strategy in Denmark. Conversely, if UYB is inferior to CAU, this is also important knowledge in regard to promoting parenting competence and infant mental health in a general population.
Trial registrationhttps://ClinicalTrials.gov with ID no. NCT03991416. Registered at 19 June 2019—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03991416 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00924-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Skovgaard Væver
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, Building 03-2-216, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Marianne Thode Krogh
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, Building 03-2-216, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Anne Christine Stuart
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, Building 03-2-216, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Eva Back Madsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, Building 03-2-216, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Tina Wahl Haase
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, Building 03-2-216, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ida Egmose
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, Building 03-2-216, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Viaux-Savelon S, Guedeney A, Deprez A. Infant Social Withdrawal Behavior: A Key for Adaptation in the Face of Relational Adversity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:809309. [PMID: 35795430 PMCID: PMC9252517 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of evolution, human babies are born with outstanding abilities for human communication and cooperation. The other side of the coin is their great sensitivity to any clear and durable violation in their relationship with caregivers. Infant sustained social withdrawal behavior (ISSWB) was first described in infants who had been separated from their caregivers, as in Spitz's description of “hospitalism” and “anaclitic depression.” Later, ISSWB was pointed to as a major clinical psychological feature in failure-to-thrive infants. Fraiberg also described freezing behavior as one of the earliest modes of infant defense in the face of adverse situations threatening the infant's ability to synchronize with caregivers. We hypothesize that ISSWB behaviors are associated with poor vagal brake functioning and that an impaired social engagement system is induced by an impoverished and/or dangerous environment. Recent research using animal models highlight the neurobiology and the genetics of the social Approach/Withdrawal Behavior in infants. The present paper is therefore a plea for social withdrawal behavior to be attributed a more important role as a major psychological defensive mechanism in infancy, and for research into early development and early intervention to make more practical and theoretical use of this concept, thus decreasing the challenge of translation in social neurosciences. This work presents several situations involving developmental hazards in which assessment of ISSWB by means of the Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB) has proven useful, i.e., malnutrition, effects of major maternal depression and or traumatization, assessing social withdrawal in infants with an chronic organic illness (congenital heart disease, Prader-Willi syndrome, cleft lip and/or palate Prader-Willy syndrome, Fetal alcohol syndrome) or assessing ISSWB in out of home placed infants during parental visitation. Relationships between ISSWB and other biophysiological behavioral systems are discussed, particularly links with attachment processes and Porges's polyvagal theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Viaux-Savelon
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229 CNRS, University Hospital Croix Rousse, HCL, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Sylvie Viaux-Savelon
| | - Antoine Guedeney
- Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP Nord, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Deprez
- Institut de Psychologie Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, LPPS, EA 4057, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- B-Families Sarl, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Egmose I, Smith-Nielsen J, Lange T, Stougaard M, Stuart AC, Guedeney A, Væver MS. How to screen for social withdrawal in primary care: An evaluation of the alarm distress baby scale using item response theory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Zhou F, Huang P, Wei X, Guo Y, Lu J, Feng L, Lu M, Liu X, Tu S, Deprez A, Guedeney A, Shen S, Qiu X. Prevalence and Characteristics of Social Withdrawal Tendency Among 3-24 Months in China: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:537411. [PMID: 34220558 PMCID: PMC8242944 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.537411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sustained withdrawal behavior is an obstacle for child development. The present study aimed to preliminarily evaluate the prevalence of social withdrawal tendency in young Chinese children using the Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB) and describe the characteristics of socially withdrawn children. Method: This was a cross-sectional analysis as part of a prospective cohort study. A total of 114 children aged 3-24 months were included. The following instruments were administered: the Chinese version of ADBB, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), and the Infant Temperamental Questionnaire. The tendency of social withdrawal in children was assessed using the ADBB. Social withdrawal was defined as an ADBB score of 5 or above. Student's t-test, χ2 test, and Fisher's exact test were performed to identify the differences in maternal and child characteristics between the children with and without social withdrawal. Age-specific indicators of development in these two groups were also presented. Results: About 16.7% of the children were socially withdrawn. Compared with those without social withdrawal, children with social withdrawal were older and had higher proportions of boys (68.4 vs. 42.1%) and social-emotional development delay (63.2 vs. 0%). In age-specific analyses, social-emotional development was poorer in children with social withdrawal across all age groups from 3 to 24 months. Conclusion: Assessed by the ADBB, the prevalence of social withdrawal tendency in young Chinese children was similar to that reported in the European population; children with social withdrawal tended to have poorer social-emotional development. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to validate the scale and confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Zhou
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Huang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueling Wei
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Guo
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Feng
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minshan Lu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Tu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alexandra Deprez
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes, Institute of Psychology, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Guedeney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Songying Shen
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Woman and Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ulak M, Ranjitkar S, Shrestha M, Braarud HC, Chandyo RK, Shrestha L, Guedeney A, Strand TA, Kvestad I. The Feasibility of the Full and Modified Versions of the Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB) and the Prevalence of Social Withdrawal in Infants in Nepal. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2025. [PMID: 32982842 PMCID: PMC7479187 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sustained social withdrawal in infancy may have organic and nonorganic causes and could hinder normal development. The Alarm Distress Baby (ADBB) scale is a widely validated screening tool of social withdrawal in children 2–24 months. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the full and modified ADBB in Nepalese infants in a community-based study. Methods We enrolled 600 infants who were video recorded during a pediatric examination. The 36 infants first enrolled were scored by an expert rater, and the subsequent 64 infants were scored by two trained staff with the full ADBB scale. Of the 600 enrolled infants, 597 videos (including the 100 infants scored with the full ADBB) were scored with the modified ADBB (m-ADBB) scale by the trained staff, with 7% double scoring. We measured the interrater agreement and psychometric properties of both scales. Results In the 64 infants scored with the full ADBB by two raters, the concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) indicated poor interrater agreement. For the m-ADBB, the CCCs were better indicating acceptable agreement between raters. The greatest lower bound (GLB) for reliability coefficient for the full ADBB scored by an expert rater indicated good internal consistency, whereas the GLB coefficient for the m-ADBB indicated poorer internal consistency. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the total scores of the two versions was 0.82 (P < 0.001). Among the infants scored with the full ADBB, 25% had a score above cutoff (≥5). Scored with the m-ADBB in the full sample, 11.4% of the infants had a score above the suggested cutoff (≥2). In both versions, children achieved high scores on vocalization. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the m-ADBB is an acceptable approach to achieve adequate interrater agreement in a large community-based study in Nepal. Results indicate high prevalence of social withdrawal in this population. There are, however, uncertainties on the internal consistency of the scales in this setting, and the validity of the scales needs to be investigated further. More effective training strategies for administration and additional cultural-specific instructions could be important measures to explore before implementing the scale further in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeswori Ulak
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suman Ranjitkar
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Merina Shrestha
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Hanne C Braarud
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ram K Chandyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Laxman Shrestha
- Child Health Research Project, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Antoine Guedeney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tor A Strand
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kvestad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on new concepts and new paradigms shedding light on the complex issue of socioenvironmental factors that affect the psychologic development of the child. Longitudinal controlled studies have sorted out "what leads to what under which circumstances," adding to the heuristic value of the addition of risks and of the Bronfenbrenner's ecologic model of development and disentangling the socioeconomic status (SES) from poverty. We emphasize the importance of taking attachment styles and attachment disorganization into account for a better understanding of both normal development and early psychopathology. Intervention studies demonstrate the real life effect of the gene-environment interaction with or without epigenetic processes. Thus, this chapter deals with paradigmatic situations as ADS, Prader-Willi, or prematurity as they allow us to learn more about early development and epigenetic influences.
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Melchior M, Hebebrand J. Unraveling genetic factors involved in intelligence, educational attainment and socioeconomic standing: what are the implications for childhood mental health care professionals? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 29516195 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Melchior
- Department of Social Epidemiology, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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The effect of early developmental problems in infancy: perspectives and clinical implications. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1281-1282. [PMID: 29052013 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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