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Bondopandhyay U, McGrath J, Coogan AN. Associations between sleep problems in children with ADHD and parental insomnia and ADHD symptoms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298377. [PMID: 38771841 PMCID: PMC11108211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems are common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children's sleep problem may influence, and be influenced by, parents' sleep problems as well as parents' ADHD symptoms. In the current study we examined the associations of parent-rated sleep quality and sleep timing of pre-adolescent children with parental insomnia symptoms, parental ADHD symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about sleep in a convenience sample recruited by advertisement (N = 120). Childhood sleep problems were common in the sample, with 82% of children exceeding the threshold for the presence of a paediatric sleep disorder. Children's sleep quality showed minimal association with their sleep timing and chronotype. Parental insomnia symptoms, ADHD symptoms and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep all associated with their children's sleep quality, and with the sleep subdomains of sleep anxiety and parasomnias. In multiple regression analysis only parental insomnia score was a significant predictor of children's sleep quality. Children's bedtimes, wake times, sleep duration, chronotype or social jetlag did not associate with parents' ADHD or insomnia symptoms. Sleep quality was significantly poorer in children whose parents scored as both consistent for adult ADHD and probable for insomnia disorder compared to parents who scored as either ADHD consistent or insomnia probable, or those who parents scored as neither. We discuss the putative nature of the relationships between sleep quality of children with ADHD and parental ADHD and insomnia symptoms, and suggest that clinicians consider parental sleep when attending to children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Bondopandhyay
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Jane McGrath
- Dublin and Department of Psychiatry, Linn Dara Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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Swisher VS, Liu S, Ricketts EJ. Bedtime Regularity and Sleep Sufficiency in Children With Tourette Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 158:26-34. [PMID: 38945036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite research demonstrating sleep disturbance in children with Tourette syndrome (TS), few studies have examined bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, two important sleep health dimensions. Therefore, this study examined bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency in children with TS relative to matched healthy control subjects, and its associated demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. METHODS Participants were 384 parents or caregivers of children aged three to 17 years, including 192 with current TS and 192 matched healthy control subjects drawn from the 2020-2021 cycle of the National Survey of Children's Health. Parents completed questions assessing demographic (i.e., age, race, sex), clinical (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, tic severity, behavioral or conduct problems, ADHD medication, health condition-related impairment), and behavioral (i.e., screen time) characteristics. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test of independence were performed to compare groups on bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, respectively. Ordinal regression and binary logistic regression without and with backward elimination were performed to evaluate indicators of bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, respectively, in children with TS. RESULTS Children with current TS had significantly poorer bedtime regularity, but not sleep sufficiency, relative to matched healthy control subjects. In children with TS, anxiety and two or more hours of daily screen time were associated with higher likelihood of poor bedtime regularity. Autism was associated with lower likelihood of insufficient sleep, and depression was associated with increased likelihood of insufficient sleep. CONCLUSIONS Findings put forth screen time, anxiety, and depression as intervention targets to optimize sleep health in children with TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Swisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Serene Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily J Ricketts
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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3
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Liu J, Ji X, Rovit E, Pitt S, Lipman T. Childhood sleep: assessments, risk factors, and potential mechanisms. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:105-121. [PMID: 36441394 PMCID: PMC9702880 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problem is a highly prevalent health issue among pediatric populations across the world. In this review, we aimed to identify risk factors contributing to sleep deficiency and poor sleep hygiene in children. Potential biological, psychosocial, and environmental mechanisms as well as research gaps in the literature are also discussed. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text, peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Psych Info. Both relevant data based and systematic reviews are included. RESULTS This paper summarizes many risk factors for childhood sleep problems, including biological (e.g., genetics, gender, age and puberty, prenatal factors, postnatal factors); nutritional (e.g., macronutrients, micronutrients, omega-3 fatty acids, obesity); environmental (e.g., heavy metals, noise, light, air pollution); interpersonal (e.g., family, exposure to violence, screen media use, physical injury); and community/socioeconomic variables (e.g., racial/ethnicity and cultural factors, neighborhood conditions and socioeconomic status, school factors, public health disasters/emergencies), to better understand the development of sleep problems in children. CONCLUSIONS Poor childhood sleep is a multifactorial issue affected by a wide range of prenatal and early-life biological, environmental, and psychosocial risk factors and contributors. A better understanding of these risk factors and their mechanisms is an important first step to develop future research and prevention programs focusing on pediatric sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Xiaopeng Ji
- School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rovit
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Susannah Pitt
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
| | - Terri Lipman
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd., Room 426, Claire M. Fagin Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Keenan L, Bramham J, Dinca M, Coogan AN, Downes M. Sleep and daytime functioning in children with tourette syndrome: A two-week case-control study with actigraphy and cognitive assessments. Sleep Med 2024; 113:313-327. [PMID: 38101103 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the high prevalence of sleep issues in children with Tourette syndrome (TS), a condition characterised by motor and vocal tics. Overnight polysomnography (PSG) has been the primary mode of sleep assessment in the TS literature, despite the extensive use of actigraphy in other neurodevelopmental populations. As a result, there are existing research gaps surrounding day-to-day variability of sleep in TS and links to daytime functioning. This study adopts a naturalistic, intensive longitudinal design to examine sleep in children with TS while considering potential links to tic severity and daytime functioning. Participants were 34 children aged between 8 and 12 years (12 with TS, 22 neurotypical controls). Wrist actigraphs tracked sleep-wake cycles across two weeks and a battery of scales and cognitive assessments measured sleep disturbances and daytime functioning. Mixed models using N = 476 nights of actigraphy data found that relative to controls, children with TS had significantly increased time in bed, increased sleep onset latency, reduced sleep efficiency, lower subjective sleep quality, but comparable actual sleep time. Higher self-report tic severity at bedtime did not predict increased sleep onset latency. In the sleep disturbance scale, 83.33 % of children with TS met the clinical cut-off for a sleep disorder. Parent-report emotional, behavioural, and executive difficulties were greater in the TS group relative to controls, but performance on cognitive tasks was comparable between groups. Together, findings highlight sleep disturbances as an important clinical factor to consider in the management of TS, though further research is required to substantiate findings in larger-scale studies. This study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing sleep via actigraphy in children with TS, supporting more widespread use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Keenan
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Maria Dinca
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Keenan L, Bramham J, Downes M. Parent-Report Sleep Disturbances and Everyday Executive Functioning Difficulties in Children with Tourette Syndrome. Dev Neuropsychol 2024; 49:39-60. [PMID: 38224316 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2023.2300428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
There is an increasing need to identify and treat sleep disturbances in Tourette syndrome (TS), a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by tics. This study explored sleep, tics, and executive functioning in children with TS (n=136) and neurotypical controls (n=101) through parent-report scales and open-ended questions. 85% of children with TS scored in the clinical range for a sleep disorder. Higher tic severity predicted increased sleep disturbances and executive difficulties. Qualitative insights indicated a bidirectional link between sleep and tics, which warrants consideration in clinical settings. Further research is needed to explore causal links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Keenan
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessica Bramham
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Downes
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Richardson CE, Magson NR, Oar EL, Fardouly J, Johnco CJ, Freeman JYA, Rapee RM. A longitudinal investigation of sleep hygiene as a mediator linking parental warmth with adolescent sleep. Sleep 2023; 46:zsac267. [PMID: 36346339 PMCID: PMC10334483 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Parental warmth in adolescence protects sleep in early adulthood, yet the nature, directions, and mechanisms of this association across adolescence are unknown. This study examined parental warmth, adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep outcomes (morning/eveningness, school night sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness) across five annual waves, spanning four years, using a cross-lagged panel design. METHODS Adolescents and one primary caregiver (96% mothers) completed questionnaires assessing parental warmth (child- and parent-report) and adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep (child-report), across five annual waves: Wave 1 (N = 531, Mage = 11.18, SD = 0.56, 51% male), Wave 2 (N = 504, Mage = 12.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male), Wave 3 (N = 478, Mage = 13.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male), Wave 4 (N = 440, Mage = 14.76, SD = 0.47, 51% male), and Wave 5 (N = 422, Mage = 15.75, SD = 0.49, 51% male). RESULTS Greater child-reported parental warmth was indirectly associated with better adolescent sleep (greater morningness, longer school night sleep duration, less sleepiness) through healthier sleep hygiene. The inverse was also often observed. Warmth had a direct relationship with sleep duration and sleepiness, independent of sleep hygiene. Parent-reported parental warmth did not predict, nor was predicted by child-reported adolescent sleep. CONCLUSIONS Parental warmth may protect against developmental changes in adolescent sleep, partially by improving sleep hygiene practices. Similarly, inadequate adolescent sleep may negatively impact parental warmth via deteriorating sleep hygiene. Sleep hygiene emerged as a key mechanism for protecting adolescent sleep and parent-child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cele E Richardson
- Corresponding author: Cele Richardson, University of Western Australia, M304, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australa.
| | - Natasha R Magson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ella L Oar
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jasmine Fardouly
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carly J Johnco
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Y A Freeman
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Papadopoulos N, Sciberras E, Hiscock H, Williams K, McGillivray J, Mihalopoulos C, Engel L, Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz M, Bellows ST, Marks D, Howlin P, Rinehart N. Sleeping Sound Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a randomised controlled trial of a brief behavioural sleep intervention in primary school-aged autistic children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1423-1433. [PMID: 35285017 PMCID: PMC9790415 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural sleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, evidence for the efficacy of behavioural sleep interventions is limited. This study examined the efficacy of a brief behavioural sleep intervention in autistic children. It was hypothesised that the intervention would reduce overall child sleep problems (primary outcome), in addition to improvements in children's social, emotional, cognitive, academic functioning, and quality of life, and parent/caregivers' stress, quality of life, and mental health (secondary outcomes). METHODS A randomised controlled trial was conducted with participants randomised via a computer-generated sequence to the sleeping sound intervention (n = 123) or treatment as usual (n = 122) group. Participants comprised 245 children with an ASD diagnosis. Inclusion criteria were as follows: confirmation of DSM IV or DSM-5 diagnosis of ASD, participants aged between 5 and 13 years and parent/caregiver report of moderate-severe sleep problems. Exclusion criteria were as follows: parent/caregiver intellectual disability or lacking sufficient English to complete questionnaires; and child participant with co-occurring medical conditions known to impact sleep. The intervention group received the sleeping sound intervention (2 × 50-min face-to-face sessions plus follow-up phone call) by a trained clinician. RESULTS Change in children's sleep problems was measured by the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) at 3 months post randomisation. Parents/caregivers of children in the intervention group reported a reduction in child sleep problems at 3 months post randomisation (effect size: E.S -0.7). There were also small effects in a number of child (internalising symptoms, emotional behavioural disturbance and quality of life) and parent/caregiver (mental health, parenting stress and quality of life) outcomes; however, these did not remain significant when controlling for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The sleeping sound ASD intervention is an efficacious and practical way to reduce sleep problems for autistic children. This brief behavioural intervention has the potential to be embedded easily into the Australian healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Papadopoulos
- Deakin Child Study CentreDeakin UniversityBurwoodVICAustralia,School of Educational Psychology and CounsellingFaculty of EducationMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- Deakin Child Study CentreDeakin UniversityBurwoodVICAustralia,Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteParkvilleVICAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteParkvilleVICAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia,Royal Children’s HospitalParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Katrina Williams
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteParkvilleVICAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia,Department of PaediatricsMonash Children’s HospitalMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | | | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health TransformationDeakin UniversityBurwoodVICAustralia
| | - Lidia Engel
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health TransformationDeakin UniversityBurwoodVICAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Patricia Howlin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nicole Rinehart
- Deakin Child Study CentreDeakin UniversityBurwoodVICAustralia,School of Educational Psychology and CounsellingFaculty of EducationMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
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Oliveira TDO, Costa DS, Alvim-Soares A, de Paula JJ, Kestelman I, Silva AG, Malloy-Diniz LF, Miranda DM. Children's behavioral problems, screen time, and sleep problems' association with negative and positive parenting strategies during the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 130:105345. [PMID: 34625278 PMCID: PMC9221927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Families' health, safety, and economic stability were jeopardized during the pandemic. Parental stress is a risk factor for hostile and less supportive parenting. Parenting styles are a set of attitudes, feelings and behaviors related to parenting that modulate the child's psychosocial functioning and might impact on the adaptability to a stressful time. OBJECTIVE To investigate the group differences among children raised by negative and positive parenting families during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We have done an online survey with 329 parents. Parents answer about parenting strategies and styles, children's behavior, Covid related questions, socio-economic information, sleep and gaming disorders. RESULTS Parents' frequent use of negative strategies were a risk factor to have a negative outcome related to mental health, games, sleep, and children behavior. DISCUSSION Parenting strategies are some targets pointed in this study for intervention. Parents' styles and strategies training to better manage children might be even more important to avoid negative consequences for children in stressful times.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D O Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D S Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A Alvim-Soares
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - J J de Paula
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - I Kestelman
- Associação Brasileira do Déficit de Atenção, ABDA, Brazil
| | - A G Silva
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Brazil; FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Brazil
| | - L F Malloy-Diniz
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - D M Miranda
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Becker SP, Duraccio KM, Sidol CA, Fershtman CEM, Byars KC, Harvey AG. Impact of a Behavioral Sleep Intervention in Adolescents With ADHD: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness From a Pilot Open Trial. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1051-1066. [PMID: 34738484 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211056965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An open trial tested the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a behavioral sleep intervention in adolescents with ADHD. METHOD Fourteen adolescents (ages 13-17 years; 50% male) with ADHD and co-occurring sleep problems received the cognitive-behavioral-based Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for Youth (TranS-C). Adolescent, parent, and teacher ratings, actigraphy, and daily sleep diaries were collected at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Adolescents experienced moderate to large improvements in sleep, mental health symptoms, and daily life executive functioning from pre-treatment to post-treatment, and improvements were generally maintained at 3 months. Pre-intervention, 71.4% of adolescents were classified as poor sleepers and this was reduced to 21.4% and 28.6% at post-treatment and follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides strong preliminary evidence that TranS-C improves sleep and associated outcomes in adolescents with ADHD and co-occurring sleep problems. A randomized controlled trial is needed to rigorously test the efficacy of TranS-C in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Becker
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | | | - Craig A Sidol
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA
| | | | - Kelly C Byars
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
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10
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Bondopadhyay U, Diaz-Orueta U, Coogan AN. A Systematic Review of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:149-224. [PMID: 33402013 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720978556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children and adults with ADHD often report sleep disturbances that may form part of the etiology and/or symptomatology of ADHD. We review the evidence for sleep changes in children with ADHD. METHODS Systematic review with narrative synthesis assessing sleep and circadian function in children aged 5 to 13 years old with a diagnosis of ADHD. RESULTS 148 studies were included for review, incorporating data from 42,353 children. We found that sleep disturbances in ADHD are common and that they may worsen behavioral outcomes; moreover, sleep interventions may improve ADHD symptoms, and pharmacotherapy for ADHD may impact sleep. CONCLUSION Sleep disturbance may represent a clinically important feature of ADHD in children, which might be therapeutically targeted in a useful way. There are a number of important gaps in the literature. We set out a manifesto for future research in the area of sleep, circadian rhythms, and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Bondopadhyay
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth
| | - Unai Diaz-Orueta
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth
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11
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Sciberras E. Sleep in Individuals with ADHD: Prevalence, Impacts, Causes, and Treatments. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:199-220. [PMID: 35419765 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are common in children and adolescents with ADHD. This chapter covers the basics of sleep and the prevalence and types of sleep problems experienced by children and adolescents with ADHD. The impacts of sleep problems on the day-to-day lives of children with ADHD and their families are covered including impacts on child daily functioning and cognition, as well as family well-being. There is no one cause of sleep problems in children with ADHD with both biological and environmental factors implicated. There are a small number of randomized controlled trials that support the efficacy of treating sleep problems in children with ADHD using behavioral strategies. A small number of studies also have found improvements in sleep onset delay in children with ADHD following treatment with melatonin. Little is known about how to best support adolescents and adults with ADHD with sleep, although a small emerging literature largely in adults with ADHD suggests that bright light therapies could potentially be helpful given the extent of circadian involvement in the sleep problems experienced by individuals with ADHD. This chapter ends with consideration of future research directions largely related to approaches to supporting individuals with ADHD and sleep difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sciberras
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Health Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Ziegler M, Kaiser A, Igel C, Geissler J, Mechler K, Holz NE, Becker K, Döpfner M, Romanos M, Brandeis D, Hohmann S, Millenet S, Banaschewski T. Actigraphy-Derived Sleep Profiles of Children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) over Two Weeks-Comparison, Precursor Symptoms, and the Chronotype. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11121564. [PMID: 34942866 PMCID: PMC8699578 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sleep problems are common in children with ADHD, their extent, preceding risk factors, and the association between neurocognitive performance and neurobiological processes in sleep and ADHD, are still largely unknown. We examined sleep variables in school-aged children with ADHD, addressing their intra-individual variability (IIV) and considering potential precursor symptoms as well as the chronotype. Additionally, in a subgroup of our sample, we investigated associations with neurobehavioral functioning (n = 44). A total of 57 children (6-12 years) with (n = 24) and without ADHD (n = 33) were recruited in one center of the large ESCAlife study to wear actigraphs for two weeks. Actigraphy-derived dependent variables, including IIV, were analyzed using linear mixed models in order to find differences between the groups. A stepwise regression model was used to investigate neuropsychological function. Overall, children with ADHD showed longer sleep onset latency (SOL), higher IIV in SOL, more movements during sleep, lower sleep efficiency, and a slightly larger sleep deficit on school days compared with free days. No group differences were observed for chronotype or sleep onset time. Sleep problems in infancy predicted later SOL and the total number of movements during sleep in children with and without ADHD. No additional effect of sleep problems, beyond ADHD symptom severity, on neuropsychological functioning was found. This study highlights the importance of screening children with ADHD for current and early childhood sleep disturbances in order to prevent long-term sleep problems and offer individualized treatments. Future studies with larger sample sizes should examine possible biological markers to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Ziegler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.); (C.I.); (K.M.); (N.E.H.); (D.B.); (S.H.); (S.M.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-621-1703-4911
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.); (C.I.); (K.M.); (N.E.H.); (D.B.); (S.H.); (S.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Christine Igel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.); (C.I.); (K.M.); (N.E.H.); (D.B.); (S.H.); (S.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Julia Geissler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Konstantin Mechler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.); (C.I.); (K.M.); (N.E.H.); (D.B.); (S.H.); (S.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Nathalie E. Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.); (C.I.); (K.M.); (N.E.H.); (D.B.); (S.H.); (S.M.); (T.B.)
- Donders Center for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Philipps-University Marburg and University Hospital Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany;
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.); (C.I.); (K.M.); (N.E.H.); (D.B.); (S.H.); (S.M.); (T.B.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.); (C.I.); (K.M.); (N.E.H.); (D.B.); (S.H.); (S.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Sabina Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.); (C.I.); (K.M.); (N.E.H.); (D.B.); (S.H.); (S.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (A.K.); (C.I.); (K.M.); (N.E.H.); (D.B.); (S.H.); (S.M.); (T.B.)
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13
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Merrill SM, Moore SR, Gladish N, Giesbrecht GF, Dewey D, Konwar C, MacIssac JL, Kobor MS, Letourneau NL. Paternal adverse childhood experiences: Associations with infant DNA methylation. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22174. [PMID: 34333774 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), or cumulative childhood stress exposures, such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, predict later health problems in both the exposed individuals and their offspring. One potential explanation suggests exposure to early adversity predicts epigenetic modification, especially DNA methylation (DNAm), linked to later health. Stress experienced preconception by mothers may associate with DNAm in the next generation. We hypothesized that fathers' exposure to ACEs also associates with their offspring DNAm, which, to our knowledge, has not been previously explored. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNAm (n = 45) from 3-month-old infants was regressed onto fathers' retrospective ACEs at multiple Cytosine-phosphate-Guanosine (CpG) sites to discover associations. This accounted for infants' sex, age, ethnicity, cell type proportion, and genetic variability. Higher ACE scores associated with methylation values at eight CpGs. Post-hoc analysis found no contribution of paternal education, income, marital status, and parental postpartum depression, but did with paternal smoking and BMI along with infant sleep latency. These same CpGs also contributed to the association between paternal ACEs and offspring attention problems at 3 years. Collectively, these findings suggested there were biological associations with paternal early life adversity and offspring DNAm in infancy, potentially affecting offspring later childhood outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Merrill
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah R Moore
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicole Gladish
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chaini Konwar
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia L MacIssac
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute Vancouver, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Program in Child and Brain Development, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole L Letourneau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Lee ST, Wong JE, Chan GKL, Poh BK. Association between Compliance with Movement Behavior Guidelines and Obesity among Malaysian Preschoolers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094611. [PMID: 33925298 PMCID: PMC8123584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A daily balance of physical activities, sedentary behaviors and sleep are important for maintaining the health of young children. The aim of this study is to explore the association between 24-h movement behavior of Malaysian children aged 4 to 6 years with weight status. A total of 230 preschoolers were recruited from 22 kindergartens in Kuala Lumpur. Physical activity was assessed by Actical accelerometer while screen time and sleep duration were proxy-reported by parents. Children spent on average 5.5 ± 1.3 h on total physical activity (including 1.0 ± 0.4 h of moderate- vigorous physical activity), 3.0 ± 1.6 h on screen activities and 9.5 ± 1.3 h sleeping daily. The proportion of children who complied with physical activity and sleep guidelines were 48.7% and 55.2%, respectively. About 25.2% of children met screen time recommendation. Only 6.5% of children met all three age-specific physical activity, screen time and sleep guidelines. Children who met any two guidelines were less likely to be overweight or obesity compared to those who did not meet any of the guidelines (OR: 0.276; 95% CI: 0.080–0.950). In conclusion, Malaysian preschoolers have low compliance to movement behavior guidelines, especially in meeting screen time recommendations. Compliance to movement behavior guidelines was associated with lower odds of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoo Thien Lee
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.T.L.); (J.E.W.)
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.T.L.); (J.E.W.)
| | - Geraldine K. L. Chan
- Center for Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (S.T.L.); (J.E.W.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Sciberras E, Mulraney M, Hayes N, Rinehart N, Schuster T, Mudiyanselage SB, Hiscock H. A brief clinician training program to manage sleep problems in ADHD: what works and what do clinicians and parents think? Sleep Med 2021; 89:185-192. [PMID: 34001454 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Brief behavioural sleep interventions have been shown to be effective in treating sleep problems in children with ADHD. Little research, however, has focused on the translational aspects of these programs from the consumer perspective. This study aimed to explore clinician and parent views of a brief training program in managing sleep problems in children with ADHD. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-nine community-based clinicians (32 paediatricians, 27 psychologists) were trained to deliver a brief behavioural sleep intervention as part of the Sleeping Sound with ADHD translational trial; 183 families were allocated to receive the sleep intervention and 115 provided follow-up data. METHODS Clinicians reported on competency, confidence and perceived barriers pre- and post-training. Parents reported on usefulness of the program and frequency of sleep strategy use at 3 months post-randomisation. Parent-report of severity of the child sleep problem was also measured at 3 and 6 months post-randomisation. RESULTS Clinicians' feelings of competency and confidence in managing sleep difficulties increased from pre-to post-training, while perceptions of barriers decreased. Parent-reported usefulness of the program and frequency of sleep use varied by program domain and sleep strategy. Increased parent-reported use of sleep strategies was associated with improved sleep at 3 and 6 months post-randomisation. CONCLUSIONS A brief sleep training program leads to improvements in clinician confidence and competence in managing sleep problems in children with ADHD and positive parent perspectives. The findings highlight the potential for the Sleeping Sound with ADHD program to be optimized to better help parents in their implementation of sleep strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sciberras
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Health Services, Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Melissa Mulraney
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Social Neuroscience, ISN Innovations, Ivanhoe, Australia
| | - Nicole Hayes
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Rinehart
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tibor Schuster
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Harriet Hiscock
- Health Services, Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Health Services Research Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Nikles J, Mitchell GK, de Miranda Araújo R, Harris T, Heussler HS, Punja S, Vohra S, Senior HEJ. A systematic review of the effectiveness of sleep hygiene in children with ADHD. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2020; 25:497-518. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2020.1732431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Nikles
- UQCCR - Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Keith Mitchell
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Harris
- UQCCR - Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen S. Heussler
- Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Salima Punja
- Department of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sunita Vohra
- Department of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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17
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Martin CA, Hiscock H, Rinehart N, Heussler HS, Hyde C, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, McGillivray J, Austin DW, Chalmers A, Sciberras E. Associations Between Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Problems in Adolescents With ADHD: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Atten Disord 2020. [PMID: 29542374 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718762513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether self-reported sleep hygiene practices are associated with self- and parent-reported behavioral sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD. Method: Participants included 79 adolescents with ADHD (13-17 years) and their parents. Adolescents were asked to report on their sleep hygiene (Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale) and sleep (Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale). Parents also reported on their adolescent's sleep (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children). Results: Poorer sleep hygiene was associated with higher total self-reported behavioral sleep problems and most self-reported sleep problems: falling asleep, reinitiating sleep, and returning to wakefulness. The association was also apparent for total parent-reported behavioral sleep problems, problems with initiating and maintaining sleep, and excessive somnolence. Conclusion: This study demonstrates small-to-moderate relationships between poor sleep hygiene practices and sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD, by both self- and parent-report.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Helen S Heussler
- The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma Sciberras
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Evans S, Sciberras E, Mulraney M. The Relationship Between Maternal Stress and Boys' ADHD Symptoms and Quality of Life: An Australian Prospective Cohort Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 50:e33-e38. [PMID: 31653468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study prospectively examined the role of maternal stress in boys' attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and quality of life (QoL). METHODS Children with ADHD (5-13 years) were recruited from 21 pediatric practices and followed up 12 months later (n = 166). Maternal stress was examined at baseline, and boys' ADHD symptoms and QoL were examined at baseline and 12 months later. Linear regressions examined whether baseline maternal stress predicted child ADHD symptoms and QoL 12 months later in a series of adjusted models that accounted for child age, ADHD medication use, neighborhood disadvantage, comorbidities and baseline ADHD symptoms or QoL (full model). RESULTS In the unadjusted model, maternal stress at baseline was significantly associated with more severe parent-reported ADHD symptoms at 12 months, accounting for 5.7% of the variance in ADHD symptoms, but this association was attenuated after adjustments in the full model. Baseline maternal stress was associated with poorer QoL at 12 months in boys in the unadjusted model, accounting for 12.4% of the variance, which remained significant in the full adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Maternal stress is associated with lowered QoL in boys, and may pose a risk for boys' later QoL. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Stress management interventions with mothers of children with ADHD experiencing heightened stress are warranted, and are likely to have a positive impact on mothers as well as children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Evans
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Emma Sciberras
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Community Health Services Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Mulraney
- Community Health Services Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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19
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The Implications of Screen Media Use for the Sleep Behavior of Children Ages 0–5: a Systematic Review of the Literature. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-019-00151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Heussler HS, Hiscock H. Sleep in children with neurodevelopmental difficulties. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:1142-1147. [PMID: 30294981 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disorders are complex and reflect underlying genetic/biological and behavioural components. The sleep disorders are the same as in the typically developing child, although there may be some modifications to the presentation or the frequency depending on the phenotype. Consideration of the known phenotypes and environmental issues are important in defining management strategies. Despite this complexity, defined behavioural strategies with good sleep hygiene can have a significant effect on the sleep problem and on parental management of the behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Heussler
- Division of Child and Youth Community Health Services, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Children's Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Health Services Research Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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