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Luo X, Dang C, Guo J, Li D, Wang E, Zhu Y, Liu L, Wang Y, Song Y, Sun L. Overactivated contextual visual perception and response to a single dose of methylphenidate in children with ADHD. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:35-44. [PMID: 36725736 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of overactivated visual perception in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains unclear, which is interpreted as a cognitive compensation. The existing studies have proposed that perceptual abnormalities in neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with dysfunction of the contextual knowledge system, which influences the development and formation of perception. We hypothesized that alterations in contextual states may also be responsible for inducing perceptual abnormalities in ADHD. Therefore, the present study evaluated the characteristics of pre-stimulus alpha and its response to a single dose of methylphenidate (MPH). A total of 135 Chinese children participated in the first study, including 70 children with ADHD (age = 10.61 ± 1.93 years, female = 17) and 65 age- and sex-matched control children (age = 10.73 ± 1.93 years, female = 20). The second clinical trial included 19 Chinese children with ADHD (age = 11.85 ± 1.72 years, female = 4), with an identical visual spatial search task. Pre-stimulus alpha oscillations and P1 activity were significantly greater in children with ADHD than in the controls. Overactivated pre-stimulus alpha positively predicted P1. Both pre-stimulus alpha and P1 overactivation have beneficial effects on cognitive performance in children with ADHD. No intervening effect of a single dose of MPH on the compensatory activation of pre-stimulus alpha and P1 were observed. Our findings extended the perceptual activation to the contextual knowledge system, suggesting that compensatory perception in children with ADHD is more likely to be a top-down regulated cognitive operational process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Luo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital & Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital & Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Encong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital & Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital & Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital & Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital & Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) & National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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2
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Canu D, Ioannou C, Müller K, Martin B, Fleischhaker C, Biscaldi M, Beauducel A, Smyrnis N, van Elst LT, Klein C. Evidence towards a continuum of impairment across neurodevelopmental disorders from basic ocular-motor tasks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16521. [PMID: 36192503 PMCID: PMC9530118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings of genetic overlap between Schizophrenia, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) contributed to a renewed conceptualization of these disorders as laying on a continuum based on aetiological, pathophysiological and neurodevelopmental features. Given that cognitive impairments are core to their pathophysiology, we compared patients with schizophrenia, ADHD, ASD, and controls on ocular-motor and manual-motor tasks, challenging crucial cognitive processes. Group comparisons revealed inhibition deficits common to all disorders, increased intra-subject variability in schizophrenia and, to a lesser extent, ADHD as well as slowed processing in schizophrenia. Patterns of deviancies from controls exhibited strong correlations, along with differences that posited schizophrenia as the most impaired group, followed by ASD and ADHD. While vector correlations point towards a common neurodevelopmental continuum of impairment, vector levels suggest differences in the severity of such impairment. These findings argue towards a dimensional approach to Neurodevelopmental Disorders’ pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Canu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Chara Ioannou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarina Müller
- Psychotherapeutisches Wohnheim für Junge Menschen Leppermühle, Buseck, Germany
| | - Berthold Martin
- Psychotherapeutisches Wohnheim für Junge Menschen Leppermühle, Buseck, Germany
| | - Christian Fleischhaker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monica Biscaldi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- 2nd Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute «COSTAS STEFANIS», Athens, Greece
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,2nd Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Carelli L, Solca F, Tagini S, Torre S, Verde F, Ticozzi N, Ferrucci R, Pravettoni G, Aiello EN, Silani V, Poletti B. Gaze-Contingent Eye-Tracking Training in Brain Disorders: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070931. [PMID: 35884737 PMCID: PMC9313363 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye movement abnormalities in association with cognitive and emotional deficits have been described in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. Eye-Tracking (ET) techniques could therefore enhance cognitive interventions by contingently providing feedback to patients. Since no consensus has been reached thus far on this approach, this study aimed at systematically reviewing the current evidence. This review was performed and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Records were searched for in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (1990–2021) through the following string: (‘Eye Tracking’ OR ‘Eye-Tracking’ OR ‘Oculomotor’) AND (‘Neuropsychol*’ OR ‘Cognitive’) AND (‘Rehabilitation’ OR ‘Training’ OR ‘Stimulation’). Study outcomes were thematically classified and qualitatively synthesized. A structured quality assessment was performed. A total of 24 articles were included, addressing neurodevelopmental (preterm infants and children with autism spectrum disorder, Rett syndrome, or ADHD; N = 14), psychiatric (mood and anxiety disorders or alcohol dependence; N = 7), and neurological conditions (stroke; N = 3). Overall, ET gaze-contingent training proved to be effective in improving cognitive and emotional alterations. However, population heterogeneity limits the generalizability of results. ET gaze-contingent protocols allow researchers to directly and dynamically train attentional functions; together with the recruitment of implicit, “bottom-up” strategies, these protocols are promising and possibly integrable with traditional cognitive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Solca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Sofia Tagini
- “Rita Levi Montalcini” Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., U.O. di Neurologia e Neuroriabilitazione, Ospedale San Giuseppe, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Silvia Torre
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, International Medical School, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Neurology Clinic III, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca’ Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Nicolò Aiello
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, International Medical School, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, I.R.C.C.S., 20149 Milan, Italy; (F.S.); (S.T.); (F.V.); (N.T.); (E.N.A.); (V.S.); (B.P.)
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Bretthauer J, Canu D, Thiemann U, Fleischhaker C, Brauner H, Müller K, Smyrnis N, Biscaldi M, Bender S, Klein C. Attention for Emotion-How Young Adults With Neurodevelopmental Disorders Look at Facial Expressions of Affect. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:842896. [PMID: 35782441 PMCID: PMC9240263 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.842896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) differ in many clinically relevant features such as symptomatology and course, they may also share genetic underpinnings, affective problems, deviancies in social interactions, and are all characterized by some kind of cognitive impairment. This situation calls for a joint investigation of the specifics of cognitive (dys-)functions of the three disorders. Such endeavor should focus, among other domains, on the inter-section of processing cognitive, affective and social information that is crucial in effective real-life interactions and can be accomplished when attentional preferences for human facial expressions of emotions is studied. To that end, attention to facial expressions of basic emotions was examined in young adults with ASD, ADHD, or SCZ in the present study. The three clinical groups were compared with an age-matched group of typically-developing participants (TD) during the free contemplation of five different facial emotions presented simultaneously, by varying identities, through the registration of eye movements. We showed, that dwell times and fixation counts differed for the different emotions in TD and in a highly similar way in ADHD. Patients with ASD differed from TD by showing a stronger differentiation between emotions and partially different attentional preferences. In contrast, the SCZ group showed an overall more restricted scanning behavior and a lack of differentiation between emotions. The ADHD group, showed an emotion-specific gazing pattern that was highly similar to that of controls. Thus, by analyzing eye movements, we were able to differentiate three different viewing patterns that allowed us to distinguish between the three clinical groups. This outcome suggests that attention for emotion may not tap into common pathophysiological processes and argues for a multi-dimensional approach to the grouping of disorders with neurodevelopmental etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Bretthauer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Canu
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ulf Thiemann
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics und Psychotherapy in Children and Adolescents, LVR Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Fleischhaker
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Heike Brauner
- Kinder- und Jugendwohnheim Leppermühle, Buseck, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon”, Athens, Greece
| | - Monica Biscaldi
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital “Attikon”, Athens, Greece
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5
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Athanasopoulos F, Saprikis OV, Margeli M, Klein C, Smyrnis N. Towards Clinically Relevant Oculomotor Biomarkers in Early Schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:688683. [PMID: 34177483 PMCID: PMC8222521 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.688683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, psychiatric research has focused on the evaluation and implementation of biomarkers in the clinical praxis. Oculomotor function deviances are among the most consistent and replicable cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and have been suggested as viable candidates for biomarkers. In this narrative review, we focus on oculomotor function in first-episode psychosis, recent onset schizophrenia as well as individuals at high risk for developing psychosis. We critically discuss the evidence for the possible utilization of oculomotor function measures as diagnostic, susceptibility, predictive, monitoring, and prognostic biomarkers for these conditions. Based on the current state of research we conclude that there are not sufficient data to unequivocally support the use of oculomotor function measures as biomarkers in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Athanasopoulos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - Orionas-Vasilis Saprikis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto Margeli
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Klein
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Athens, Greece.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute "COSTAS STEFANIS", Athens, Greece
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6
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Moreno C. Diagnostic overlap and exploration of risk factors in child psychiatry. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:493-495. [PMID: 33796939 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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