Thermalkalibacillus uzonensis gen. nov. sp. nov, a novel aerobic alkali-tolerant thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring in Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka

Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. nov., aerobic, thermophilic, long bacilli isolated from hot springs

Two novel endospore-forming, aerobic bacilli, strains E173aT and E265T, were isolated from soil and sediment samples from Kozakli and Altinsu hot springs, Nevsehir (Turkey). Their young cells in the exponential phase of growth were motile, Gram-stain-positive, straight rods, 0.6–1.1×3.0–8.0 µm in size, but they became strikingly long, approximately 0.6–1.2 by 9.0–35.0 µm, after the stationary phase of growth. Cells varied in tests for oxidase, and had a weakly positive reaction for catalase. Both strains could grow between 40 and 70 °C, with optimal growth at 60 °C (E173aT) and 55 °C (E265T). Growth occurred within the range pH 5.0–11.0 with optimal growth at pH 9.0 (E173aT) and pH 8.5 (E265T). Strain E173aT grew within a salinity range from 0 to1.5 % (w/v) NaCl with optimal growth at 0.5 %, while strain E265T grew within the range 0–5.0 % (w/v), with an optimum at 3.0 %. The new isolates differed from each other in some phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characters as well as repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprints. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities suggested distant relationships with other members of the family Bacillaceae (<95.8 %), although the two strains showed 97.5 % sequence similarity between them, and had 55 % relatedness by DNA–DNA hybridization. The DNA G+C contents were 44.8 (E173aT) and 43.5 mol% (E265T). Moreover, the chemotaxonomic data of E173aT and E265T [presence of low amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid, A1γ to A1γ′ cross-linkage types in peptidoglycan, fatty acids including iso-C15 : 0 (>60 %), iso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0] supported the consideration of these isolates as members of a novel genus. Based upon phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that new isolates represent a novel genus, Thermolongibacillus gen. nov., with two novel species: Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis sp. nov. (type strain E265T = DSM 24979T = NCIMB 14850T) and Thermolongibacillus kozakliensis sp. nov. (type strain E173aT = DSM 24978T = NCIMB 14849T).

Description of Caldalkalibacillus uzonensis sp. nov. and emended description of the genus Caldalkalibacillus

Strain JW/WZ-YB58T, a thermophilic (42-64 degrees C), aerobic, alkalitolerant (pH25 degrees C 6.4-9.7), heterotrophic, sporulating, retarded-peritrichously flagellated and slightly curved rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from the hot spring Zarvarzin II in the East Thermal Field of the Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka (Far East Russia). The isolate tolerated high concentrations of CO. The major membrane phospholipid fatty acids of JW/WZ-YB58T included iso-C15 : 0 (24.5 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (18.3 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (17.5 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 45 mol% (HPLC method). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiological properties, isolate JW/WZ-YB58T (=ATCC BAA-1258T =DSM 17740T) is proposed as the type strain of Caldalkalibacillus uzonensis sp. nov. In contrast to the type species Caldalkalibacillus thermarum, a catalase-reaction-positive aerobe, C. uzonensis was catalase-reaction-negative; thus the description of the genus Caldalkalibacillus is emended to include a catalase-reaction-negative species.