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Nakapong S, Tumhom S, Kaulpiboon J, Pongsawasdi P. Heterologous expression of 4α-glucanotransferase: overproduction and properties for industrial applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:36. [PMID: 34993677 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
4α-Glucanotransferase (4α-GTase) is unique in its ability to form cyclic oligosaccharides, some of which are of industrial importance. Generally, low amount of enzymes is produced by or isolated from their natural sources: animals, plants, and microorganisms. Heterologous expressions of these enzymes, in an attempt to increase their production for applicable uses, have been widely studied since 1980s; however, the expressions are mostly performed in the prokaryotic bacteria, mostly Escherichia coli. Site-directed mutagenesis has added more value to these expressed enzymes to display the desired properties beneficial for their applications. The search for further suitable properties for food application leads to an extended research in expression by another group of host organism, the generally-recognized as safe host including the Bacillus and the eukaryotic yeast systems. Herein, our review focuses on two types of 4α-GTase: the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and amylomaltase. The updated studies on the general structure and properties of the two enzymes with emphasis on heterologous expression, mutagenesis for property improvement, and their industrial applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhana Nakapong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Suthipapun Tumhom
- Office of National Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Policy Council, Ministry of Higher Education Science Research and Innovation, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Kaulpiboon
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Identification of an Amylomaltase from the Halophilic Archaeon Haloquadratum walsbyi by Functional Metagenomics: Structural and Functional Insights. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010085. [PMID: 35054477 PMCID: PMC8781629 DOI: 10.3390/life12010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylomaltases are prokaryotic 4-α-glucanotransferases of the GH77 family. Thanks to the ability to modify starch, they constitute a group of enzymes of great interest for biotechnological applications. In this work we report the identification, by means of a functional metagenomics screening of the crystallization waters of the saltern of Margherita di Savoia (Italy), of an amylomaltase gene from the halophilic archaeon Haloquadratum walsbyi, and its expression in Escherichia coli cells. Sequence analysis indicated that the gene has specific insertions yet unknown in homologous genes in prokaryotes, and present only in amylomaltase genes identified in the genomes of other H. walsbyi strains. The gene is not part of any operon involved in the metabolism of maltooligosaccharides or glycogen, as it has been found in bacteria, making it impossible currently to assign a precise role to the encoded enzyme. Sequence analysis of the H. walsbyi amylomaltase and 3D modelling showed a common structure with homologous enzymes characterized in mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria. The recombinant H. walsbyi enzyme showed starch transglycosylation activity over a wide range of NaCl concentrations, with maltotriose as the best acceptor substrate compared to other maltooligosaccharides. This is the first study of an amylomaltase from a halophilic microorganism.
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Amin K, Tranchimand S, Benvegnu T, Abdel-Razzak Z, Chamieh H. Glycoside Hydrolases and Glycosyltransferases from Hyperthermophilic Archaea: Insights on Their Characteristics and Applications in Biotechnology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1557. [PMID: 34827555 PMCID: PMC8615776 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermophilic Archaea colonizing unnatural habitats of extremes conditions such as volcanoes and deep-sea hydrothermal vents represent an unmeasurable bioresource for enzymes used in various industrial applications. Their enzymes show distinct structural and functional properties and are resistant to extreme conditions of temperature and pressure where their mesophilic homologs fail. In this review, we will outline carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) from hyperthermophilic Archaea with specific focus on the two largest families, glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and glycosyltransferases (GTs). We will present the latest advances on these enzymes particularly in the light of novel accumulating data from genomics and metagenomics sequencing technologies. We will discuss the contribution of these enzymes from hyperthermophilic Archaea to industrial applications and put the emphasis on newly identifed enzymes. We will highlight their common biochemical and distinct features. Finally, we will overview the areas that remain to be explored to identify novel promising hyperthermozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Amin
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Lebanese University, Mitein Street, Tripoli P.O. Box 210, Lebanon; (K.A.); (Z.A.-R.)
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Sylvain Tranchimand
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Thierry Benvegnu
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France; (S.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Ziad Abdel-Razzak
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Lebanese University, Mitein Street, Tripoli P.O. Box 210, Lebanon; (K.A.); (Z.A.-R.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Hala Chamieh
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Lebanese University, Mitein Street, Tripoli P.O. Box 210, Lebanon; (K.A.); (Z.A.-R.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Rafic Hariri Campus, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
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Leoni C, Gattulli BAR, Pesole G, Ceci LR, Volpicella M. Amylomaltases in Extremophilic Microorganisms. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091335. [PMID: 34572549 PMCID: PMC8465469 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylomaltases (4-α-glucanotransferases, E.C. 2.4.1.25) are enzymes which can perform a double-step catalytic process, resulting in a transglycosylation reaction. They hydrolyse glucosidic bonds of α-1,4'-d-glucans and transfer the glucan portion with the newly available anomeric carbon to the 4'-position of an α-1,4'-d-glucan acceptor. The intramolecular reaction produces a cyclic α-1,4'-glucan. Amylomaltases can be found only in prokaryotes, where they are involved in glycogen degradation and maltose metabolism. These enzymes are being studied for possible biotechnological applications, such as the production of (i) sugar substitutes; (ii) cycloamyloses (molecules larger than cyclodextrins), which could potentially be useful as carriers and encapsulating agents for hydrophobic molecules and also as effective protein chaperons; and (iii) thermoreversible starch gels, which could be used as non-animal gelatin substitutes. Extremophilic prokaryotes have been investigated for the identification of amylomaltases to be used in the starch modifying processes, which require high temperatures or extreme conditions. The aim of this article is to present an updated overview of studies on amylomaltases from extremophilic Bacteria and Archaea, including data about their distribution, activity, potential industrial application and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Leoni
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Bruno A. R. Gattulli
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi R. Ceci
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.C.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-080-544-3311 (L.R.C. & M.V.)
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.R.C.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-080-544-3311 (L.R.C. & M.V.)
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A putative novel starch-binding domain revealed by in silico analysis of the N-terminal domain in bacterial amylomaltases from the family GH77. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:229. [PMID: 33968573 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The family GH77 contains 4-α-glucanotransferase acting on α-1,4-glucans, known as amylomaltase in prokaryotes and disproportionating enzyme in plants. A group of bacterial GH77 members, represented by amylomaltases from Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum, possesses an N-terminal extension that forms a distinct immunoglobulin-like fold domain, of which no function has been identified. Here, in silico analysis of 100 selected sequences of N-terminal domain homologues disclosed several well-conserved residues, among which Tyr108 (E. coli amylomaltase numbering) may be involved in α-glucan binding. These N-terminal domains, therefore, may represent a new type of starch-binding domain and define a new CBM family. This hypothesis is supported by docking of maltooligosaccharides to the N-terminal domain in amylomaltases, representing the four clusters of the phylogenetic tree. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02787-8.
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Gene cloning, expression enhancement in Escherichia coli and biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable amylomaltase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:645-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Naeem SU, Ahmad N, Rashid N. Pcal_0842, a highly thermostable glycosidase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis displays both α-1,4- and β-1,4-glycosidic cleavage activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1745-1754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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