1
|
Eberhard D, Balkenhol S, Köster A, Follert P, Upschulte E, Ostermann P, Kirschner P, Uhlemeyer C, Charnay I, Preuss C, Trenkamp S, Belgardt BF, Dickscheid T, Esposito I, Roden M, Lammert E. Semaphorin-3A regulates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell porosity and promotes hepatic steatosis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:734-753. [PMID: 39196233 PMCID: PMC11358038 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, increases worldwide and associates with type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases. Here we demonstrate that Sema3a is elevated in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells of animal models for obesity, type 2 diabetes and MASLD. In primary human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, saturated fatty acids induce expression of SEMA3A, and loss of a single allele is sufficient to reduce hepatic fat content in diet-induced obese mice. We show that semaphorin-3A regulates the number of fenestrae through a signaling cascade that involves neuropilin-1 and phosphorylation of cofilin-1 by LIM domain kinase 1. Finally, inducible vascular deletion of Sema3a in adult diet-induced obese mice reduces hepatic fat content and elevates very low-density lipoprotein secretion. Thus, we identified a molecular pathway linking hyperlipidemia to microvascular defenestration and early development of MASLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eberhard
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sydney Balkenhol
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Köster
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paula Follert
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eric Upschulte
- Cécile & Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Helmholtz AI, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Philipp Ostermann
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip Kirschner
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Celina Uhlemeyer
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iannis Charnay
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Preuss
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Trenkamp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Helmholtz AI, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eckhard Lammert
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Metabolic Physiology, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong C, Bobe S, Pilger C, Lachetta M, Øie CI, Kirschnick N, Mönkemöller V, Hübner W, Förster C, Schüttpelz M, Kiefer F, Huser T, Schulte Am Esch J. Multiscale and Multimodal Optical Imaging of the Ultrastructure of Human Liver Biopsies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:637136. [PMID: 33679449 PMCID: PMC7925637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.637136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver as the largest organ in the human body is composed of a complex macroscopic and microscopic architecture that supports its indispensable function to maintain physiological homeostasis. Optical imaging of the human liver is particularly challenging because of the need to cover length scales across 7 orders of magnitude (from the centimeter scale to the nanometer scale) in order to fully assess the ultrastructure of the entire organ down to the subcellular scale and probe its physiological function. This task becomes even more challenging the deeper within the organ one hopes to image, because of the strong absorption and scattering of visible light by the liver. Here, we demonstrate how optical imaging methods utilizing highly specific fluorescent labels, as well as label-free optical methods can seamlessly cover this entire size range in excised, fixed human liver tissue and we exemplify this by reconstructing the biliary tree in three-dimensional space. Imaging of tissue beyond approximately 0.5 mm length requires optical clearing of the human liver. We present the successful use of optical projection tomography and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy to derive information about the liver architecture on the millimeter scale. The intermediate size range is covered using label-free structural and chemically sensitive methods, such as second harmonic generation and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy extends the resolution to the nanoscale, allowing us to ultimately image individual liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and their fenestrations by super-resolution structured illumination microscopy. This allowed us to visualize the human hepatobiliary system in 3D down to the cellular level, which indicates that reticular biliary networks communicate with portal bile ducts via single or a few ductuli. Non-linear optical microscopy enabled us to identify fibrotic regions extending from the portal field to the parenchyma, along with microvesicular steatosis in liver biopsies from an older patient. Lastly, super-resolution microscopy allowed us to visualize and determine the size distribution of fenestrations in human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells for the first time under aqueous conditions. Thus, this proof-of-concept study allows us to demonstrate, how, in combination, these techniques open up a new chapter in liver biopsy analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cihang Kong
- Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bobe
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Mario Lachetta
- Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cristina Ionica Øie
- Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nils Kirschnick
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Mark Schüttpelz
- Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Huser
- Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Schulte Am Esch
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld (FBMB), Bielefeld, Germany.,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel gGmbH, University Hospital OWL of the University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei Z, Lei J, Shen F, Dai Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Dai Y, Jian Z, Wang S, Chen Z, Liao K, Hong S. Cavin1 Deficiency Causes Disorder of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Neonatal Death by Impacting Fenestrations in Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000963. [PMID: 33042738 PMCID: PMC7539207 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that Cavin1 deficiency causes lipodystrophy in both humans and mice by affecting lipid metabolism. The ablation of Cavin1 in rodents also causes a significant deviation from Mendelian ratio at weaning in a background-dependent manner, suggesting the presence of undiscovered functions of Cavin1. In the current study, the results show that Cavin1 deficiency causes neonatal death in C57BL/6J mice by dampening the storage and mobilization of glycogen in the liver, which leads to lethal neonatal hypoglycemia. Further investigation by electron microscopy reveals that Cavin1 deficiency impairs the fenestration in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and impacts the permeability of endothelial barrier in the liver. Mechanistically, Cavin1 deficiency inhibits the RhoA-Rho-associated protein kinase 2-LIM domain kinase-Cofilin signaling pathway and suppresses the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, and eventually causes the reduction of fenestrae in LSECs. In addition, the defect of fenestration in LSECs caused by Cavin1 deficiency can be rescued by treatment with the F-actin depolymerization reagent latrunculin A. In summary, the current study reveals a novel function of Cavin1 on fenestrae formation in LSECs and liver glycogen metabolism, which provide an explanation for the neonatal death of Cavin1 null mice and a potential mechanism for metabolic disorders in patients with Cavin1 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesCAS320 Yueyang RoadShanghai200031China
| | - Jigang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesCAS320 Yueyang RoadShanghai200031China
- The Department of BiologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDongfeng HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanHubei442001China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Department of CardiologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseaseShanghai200031P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Masonic Medical Research Institute2150 Bleecker StUticaNY13501USA
| | - Yilian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesCAS320 Yueyang RoadShanghai200031China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyKey Laboratory of Systems BiologyInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesCAS320 Yueyang RoadShanghai200031China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- Department of Radiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Shilong Wang
- The Department of BiologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesCAS320 Yueyang RoadShanghai200031China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyKey Laboratory of Systems BiologyInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesCAS320 Yueyang RoadShanghai200031China
| | - Kan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Systems BiologyInnovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesCAS320 Yueyang RoadShanghai200031China
| | - Shangyu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li P, Zhou J, Li W, Wu H, Hu J, Ding Q, Lü S, Pan J, Zhang C, Li N, Long M. Characterizing liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrae on soft substrates upon AFM imaging and deep learning. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129702. [PMID: 32814074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) display unique fenestrated morphology. Alterations in the size and number of fenestrae play a crucial role in the progression of various liver diseases. While their features have been visualized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the in situ imaging methods and off-line analyses are further required for fenestra quantification. METHODS Primary mouse LSECs were cultured on a collagen-I-coated culture dish, or a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogel substrate. An AFM contact mode was applied to visualize fenestrae on individual fixed LSECs. Collected images were analyzed using an in-house developed image recognition program based on fully convolutional networks (FCN). RESULTS Key scanning parameters were first optimized for visualizing the fenestrae on LSECs on culture dish, which was also applicable for the LSECs cultured on various hydrogels. The intermediate-magnification morphology images of LSECs were used for developing the FCN-based, fenestra recognition program. This program enabled us to recognize the vast majority of fenestrae from AFM images after twice trainings at a typical accuracy of 81.6% on soft substrate and also quantify the statistics of porosity, number of fenestrae and distribution of fenestra diameter. CONCLUSIONS Combining AFM imaging with FCN training is able to quantify the morphological distributions of LSEC fenestrae on various substrates. SIGNIFICANCE AFM images acquired and analyzed here provided the global information of surface ultramicroscopic structures over an entire cell, which is fundamental in understanding their regulatory mechanisms and pathophysiological relevance in fenestra-like evolution of individual cells on stiffness-varied substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China; Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wang Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qihan Ding
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pandey E, Nour AS, Harris EN. Prominent Receptors of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Liver Homeostasis and Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:873. [PMID: 32848838 PMCID: PMC7396565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are the most abundant non-parenchymal cells lining the sinusoidal capillaries of the hepatic system. LSECs are characterized with numerous fenestrae and lack basement membrane as well as a diaphragm. These unique morphological characteristics of LSECs makes them the most permeable endothelial cells of the mammalian vasculature and aid in regulating flow of macromolecules and small lipid-based structures between sinusoidal blood and parenchymal cells. LSECs have a very high endocytic capacity aided by scavenger receptors (SR), such as SR-A, SR-B (SR-B1 and CD-36), SR-E (Lox-1 and mannose receptors), and SR-H (Stabilins). Other high-affinity receptors for mediating endocytosis include the FcγRIIb, which assist in the antibody-mediated removal of immune complexes. Complemented with intense lysosomal activity, LSECs play a vital role in the uptake and degradation of many blood borne waste macromolecules and small (<280 nm) colloids. Currently, seven Toll-like receptors have been investigated in LSECs, which are involved in the recognition and clearance of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) as well as damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Along with other SRs, LSECs play an essential role in maintaining lipid homeostasis with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), in juxtaposition with hepatocytes. LSECs co-express two surface lectins called L-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3 Grabbing Non-integrin Receptor (L-SIGN) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cell lectin (LSECtin). LSECs also express several adhesion molecules which are involved in the recruitment of leukocytes at the site of inflammation. Here, we review these cell surface receptors as well as other components expressed by LSECs and their functions in the maintenance of liver homeostasis. We further discuss receptor expression and activity and dysregulation associated with the initiation and progression of many liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and pseudocapillarization with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Universityof Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Aiah S Nour
- Department of Biochemistry, Universityof Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Universityof Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soydemir S, Comella O, Abdelmottaleb D, Pritchett J. Does Mechanocrine Signaling by Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Offer New Opportunities for the Development of Anti-fibrotics? Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:312. [PMID: 31998732 PMCID: PMC6962108 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyye Soydemir
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Comella
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dina Abdelmottaleb
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Pritchett
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ni Y, Li JM, Liu MK, Zhang TT, Wang DP, Zhou WH, Hu LZ, Lv WL. Pathological process of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7666-7677. [PMID: 29209108 PMCID: PMC5703927 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i43.7666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis develops from liver fibrosis and is the severe pathological stage of all chronic liver injury. Cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection is especially common. Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis involve excess production of extracellular matrix, which is closely related to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Damaged LSECs can synthesize transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor, which activate hepatic stellate cells and facilitate the synthesis of extracellular matrix. Herein, we highlight the angiogenic cytokines of LSECs related to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis at different stages and focus on the formation and development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inhibition of LSEC angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapy are described in detail. Targeting LSECs has high therapeutic potential for liver diseases. Further understanding of the mechanism of action will provide stronger evidence for the development of anti-LSEC drugs and new directions for diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/virology
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Hepacivirus/pathogenicity
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/virology
- Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/pathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/virology
- Humans
- Liver/blood supply
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis
- Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/virology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ni
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Juan-Mei Li
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ming-Kun Liu
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dong-Ping Wang
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhou
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ling-Zi Hu
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wen-Liang Lv
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The role of vitamin D in hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 20:259-273. [PMID: 28801869 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant health burden worldwide, comprising approximately 10% of annual cancer cases globally. Hepatic metastases are the most common site of CRC metastasis, and are the leading cause of death in CRC patients. There is strong epidemiologic evidence for an inverse association between vitamin D status and risk of CRC; however, the role of vitamin D in the natural history of liver metastases has not yet been investigated. Several researchers have proposed hallmarks of metastases; crucially, metastases can be blocked by interrupting just one rate-limiting step. Vitamin D status has been implicated in each proposed hallmark of metastasis. The aim of this review is to examine the potential role for vitamin D in reducing the development of hepatic metastases from CRC and outline the candidate mechanisms by which vitamin D may mediate these effects. The results of ongoing randomised intervention trials are eagerly awaited to determine whether addressing vitamin D insufficiency in CRC patients could reduce the occurrence of liver metastases, and the consequent morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
|
9
|
Braet F, Taatjes DJ, Wisse E. Probing the unseen structure and function of liver cells through atomic force microscopy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 73:13-30. [PMID: 28688930 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With the arrival of atomic force microscopy (AFM) about thirty years ago, this new imaging tool opened up a new area for the exploration of biological samples, ranging from the tissue and cellular level down to the supramolecular scale. Commercial instruments of this new imaging technique began to appear in the five years following its discovery in 1986 by Binnig, Quate & Gerber. From that point onwards the AFM has attracted many liver biologists, and the number of publications describing structure-function relationships on the diverse set of liver cells has grown steadily ever since. It is therefore timely to reflect on the achievements of AFM in disclosing the cellular architecture of hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, stellate cells and liver-associated natural killer cells. In this thematic paper, we present new data and provide an in-depth overview of the current AFM literature on liver cell biology. We furthermore include a future outlook on how this scanning probe imaging tool and its latest developments can contribute to clarify various structural and functional aspects of cells in liver health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Braet
- School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology)-The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre (Cellular Imaging Facility), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA; Microscopy Imaging Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Eddie Wisse
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Nanoscopy, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maastricht, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hünigen H, Mainzer K, Hirschberg RM, Custodis P, Gemeinhardt O, Al Masri S, Richardson KC, Hafez HM, Plendl J. Structure and age-dependent development of the turkey liver: a comparative study of a highly selected meat-type and a wild-type turkey line. Poult Sci 2016; 95:901-11. [PMID: 26908884 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the liver of a fast growing, meat-type turkey line (British United turkeys BUT Big 6, n=25) and a wild-type turkey line (Wild Canadian turkey, n=48) were compared at the age of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wk. Because the growth plates of long bones were still detectable in the 20-week-old wild-type turkeys, indicating immaturity, a group of 8 wild-type turkeys at the age of 24 wk was included in the original scope of the study. Over the term of the study, the body and liver weights of birds from the meat-type turkey line increased at a faster rate than those of the wild-type turkey line. However, the relative liver weight of the meat-type turkeys declined (from 2.7 to 0.9%) to a greater extent than that of the wild-type turkeys (from 2.8 to 1.9%), suggesting a mismatch in development between muscle weights and liver weights of the meat-type turkeys. Signs of high levels of fat storage in the liver were detected in both lines but were greater in the wild-type turkey line, suggesting a better feed conversion by the extreme-genotype birds i.e., meat-type birds. For the first time, this study presents morphologic data on the structure and arrangement of the lymphatic tissue within the healthy turkey liver, describing two different types of lymphatic aggregations within the liver parenchyma, i.e., aggregations with and without fibrous capsules. Despite differences during development, both adult meat-type and adult wild-type turkeys had similar numbers of lymphatic aggregations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hünigen
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathleen Mainzer
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth M Hirschberg
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Custodis
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Gemeinhardt
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Salah Al Masri
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth C Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
| | - Hafez Mohamed Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iguchi H, Oda M, Yamazaki H, Yokomori H. Participation of aquaporin-1 in vascular changes and remodeling in cirrhotic liver. Med Mol Morphol 2013; 46:123-32. [PMID: 23549977 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-013-0039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of arterial capillary proliferation accompanying fibrosis in human cirrhosis remains unclear. However, evidence regarding the molecules participating in the pathophysiological process has been accumulating. Water channel proteins known as aquaporins (AQP)s, notably AQP-1, appear to be involved in the arterial capillary proliferation in the cirrhotic liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Iguchi
- Department of Radiology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghosh S, Kaplan KJ, Schrum LW, Bonkovsky HL. Cytoskeletal proteins: shaping progression of hepatitis C virus-induced liver disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 302:279-319. [PMID: 23351713 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407699-0.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, which results in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in most patients (70-85%), is a major cause of liver disease and remains a major therapeutic challenge. The mechanisms determining liver damage and the key factors that lead to a high rate of CHC remain imperfectly understood. The precise role of cytoskeletal (CS) proteins in HCV infection remains to be determined. Some studies including our recent study have demonstrated that changes occur in the expression of CS proteins in HCV-infected hepatocytes. A variety of host proteins interact with HCV proteins. Association between CS and HCV proteins may have implications in future design of CS protein-targeted therapy for the treatment for HCV infection. This chapter will focus on the interaction between host CS and viral proteins to signify the importance of this event in HCV entry, replication and transportation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriparna Ghosh
- Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Center, Carolinas Medical Center, and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Claudin-2 is selectively enriched in and promotes the formation of breast cancer liver metastases through engagement of integrin complexes. Oncogene 2010; 30:1318-28. [PMID: 21076473 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver represents the third most frequent site of metastasis in patients with breast cancer. We performed in vivo selection using 4T1 breast cancer cells to identify genes associated with the liver metastatic phenotype. Coincident with the loss of numerous tight-junctional proteins, we observe claudin-2 overexpression, specifically in liver-aggressive breast cancer cells. We further demonstrate that claudin-2 is both necessary and sufficient for the ability of 4T1 breast cancer cells to colonize and grow in the liver. The liver-aggressive breast cancer cells display a claudin-2-mediated increase in their ability to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as fibronectin and type IV collagen. Claudin-2 facilitates these cell/matrix interactions by increasing the cell surface expression of α(2)β(1)- and α(5)β(1)-integrin complexes in breast cancer cells. Indeed, claudin-2-mediated adhesion to fibronectin and type IV collagen can be blocked with neutralizing antibodies that target α(5)β(1) and α(2)β(1) complexes, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses reveal that claudin-2, although weakly expressed in primary human breast cancers, is readily detected in all liver metastasis samples examined to date. Together, these results uncover novel roles for claudin-2 in promoting breast cancer adhesion to the ECM and define its importance during breast cancer metastasis to the liver.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), formerly named venoocclusive disease, is a well-known complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and ingestion of food or drinks contaminated by pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Many other drugs and toxins have been associated with SOS, including several chemotherapeutic agents and immunosuppressors. SOS contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in all these settings. This review describes the histologic lesions of SOS, details its pathogenesis as it is understood today, specifies the recent data on its causes and how it may influence clinical management of colorectal liver metastases, and discusses the current knowledge on diagnosis and preventive options.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tazaki T, Sasaki T, Uto K, Yamasaki N, Tashiro S, Sakai R, Tanaka M, Oda H, Honda ZI, Honda H. p130Cas, Crk-associated substrate plays essential roles in liver development by regulating sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestration. Hepatology 2010; 52:1089-99. [PMID: 20623582 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED p130Cas, Crk-associated substrate (Cas), is an adaptor/scaffold protein that plays a central role in actin cytoskeletal reorganization. We previously showed that mice in which Cas was deleted (Cas(-/-)) died in utero because of early cardiovascular maldevelopment. To further investigate the in vivo roles of Cas, we generated mice with a hypomorphic Cas allele lacking the exon 2-derived region (Cas(Deltaex2/Deltaex2)), which encodes Src homology domain 3 (SH3) of Cas. Cas(Deltaex2/Deltaex2) mice again died as embryos, but they particularly showed progressive liver degeneration with hepatocyte apoptosis. Because Cas expression in the liver is preferentially detected in sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), the observed hepatocyte apoptosis was most likely ascribable to impaired function of SECs. To address this possibility, we stably introduced a Cas mutant lacking the SH3 domain (Cas DeltaSH3) into an SEC line (NP31). Intriguingly, the introduction of Cas DeltaSH3 induced a loss of fenestrae, the characteristic cell-penetrating pores in SECs that serve as a critical route for supplying oxygen and nutrients to hepatocytes. The disappearance of fenestrae in Cas DeltaSH3-expressing cells was associated with an attenuation of actin stress fiber formation, a marked reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas, and defective binding of Cas to CrkII. CONCLUSION Cas plays pivotal roles in liver development through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and formation of fenestrae in SECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tazaki
- Department of Disease Model, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yokomori H, Oda M, Yoshimura K, Watanabe SI, Hibi T. Aberrant expressions of aquaporin-1 in association with capillarized sinusoidal endothelial cells in cirrhotic rat liver. Med Mol Morphol 2010; 43:6-12. [PMID: 20340000 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-009-0475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are key regulators of water channels across the cell cytoplasm. Little is known about AQP localization and changes in the hepatic microvascular system. This study aimed to clarify the localization of AQP-1 in the microvessels in normal and cirrhotic rat liver. To establish a rat cirrhosis model, thioacetamide (TAA) was injected for 24 weeks. AQP-1 in liver specimens was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting, and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). IHC revealed that AQP-1 was localized in hepatic sinusoids, especially on the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), predominantly in zone 1 in control rats, whereas AQP-1 immunoreactivity was increased on LSECs in central portions of regenerative nodules in cirrhotic rats, and was expressed especially strongly on the outer side of the duplicated liver cell cords. IEM demonstrated that, in control livers, AQP-1 was mainly expressed on the plasma membrane of LSECs in zone 1. In cirrhotic livers, many immunogold particles showing the presence of AQP-1 were seen on the LSECs in central portions of regenerative nodules, and the number was significantly greater than that in zone 3 of control liver. Protein levels of AQP-1 examined by Western blot were almost the same in the cirrhotic liver and control liver. AQP-1 immunoreactivities were aberrantly expressed on LSECs in central portions of regenerative nodule (CPRN) of cirrhotic liver, which may be associated with capillarization of LSECs and remodeling in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yokomori
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato Institute Medical Center Hospital, Kitasato University, 6-100 Arai, Kitamoto-shi, Saitama, 364-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bartosch B, Dubuisson J. Recent advances in hepatitis C virus cell entry. Viruses 2010; 2:692-709. [PMID: 21994653 PMCID: PMC3185649 DOI: 10.3390/v2030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 170 million patients worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Prevalence rates range from 0.5% in Northern European countries to 28% in some areas of Egypt. HCV is hepatotropic, and in many countries chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV persists in 50-85% of infected patients, and once chronic infection is established, spontaneous clearance is rare. HCV is a member of the Flaviviridae family, in which it forms its own genus. Many lines of evidence suggest that the HCV life cycle displays many differences to that of other Flaviviridae family members. Some of these differences may be due to the close interaction of HCV with its host's lipid and particular triglyceride metabolism in the liver, which may explain why the virus can be found in association with lipoproteins in serum of infected patients. This review focuses on the molecular events underlying the HCV cell entry process and the respective roles of cellular co-factors that have been implied in these events. These include, among others, the lipoprotein receptors low density lipoprotein receptor and scavenger receptor BI, the tight junction factors occludin and claudin-1 as well as the tetraspanin CD81. We discuss the roles of these cellular factors in HCV cell entry and how association of HCV with lipoproteins may modulate the cell entry process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birke Bartosch
- INSERM, U871, 69003 Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, IFR62 Lyon-Est, 69008 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôtel Dieu, Service d’hépatologie et de gastroentérologie, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; E-Mail: (J.D.)
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie de Lille (UMR8161), F-59021 Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59019 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|