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Yamamoto Y, Hayashi Y, Sakaki H, Murakami I. Evaluation of Clinical and Immunohistochemical Factors Relating to Melanoma Metastasis: Potential Roles of Nestin and Fascin in Melanoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010219. [PMID: 35054386 PMCID: PMC8774891 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For melanoma treatment, an early diagnosis and a complete resection of the primary tumor is essential. In addition, detection of factors that may be related to metastasis is indispensable. A total of 30 Japanese patients with Stage I or II melanoma, diagnosed according to the classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer, are included in this study. Clinical background (sex, onset age, primary tumor area, existence of remaining cancer cells at the resected tissue margin, and treatment after the primary surgery) and immunohistochemical staining (Nestin and Fascin) on the resected tissue were examined to detect factors statistically related to metastasis. The analysis result has shown that older onset age and positive immunohistochemical expressions of Nestin and Fascin are statistically related to metastasis. To facilitate meticulous observation of Nestin and Fascin expression at different timing (e.g., onset and metastasis), double immunofluorescence staining was performed. Nestin is a class VI intermediate filament protein, initially detected in neural stem cells. Fascin is an actin-bundling protein which regulates cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Nestin and Fascin are suggested to relate to melanoma metastasis, however, the potential role of Fascin is controversial. Analysis of variations in Fascin expression detected in this study may contribute to further investigations concerning potential roles of Fascin for progression of melanoma. This is the first study to report double immunofluorescent staining of Nestin and Fascin in melanoma. Nestin and Fascin double-positive melanoma cells were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi University Hospital, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88-880-2330
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Equipment of Support Planning Office, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences for Well-Being Health, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, 3-11-1, Asahigaoka, Kahsihara 582-0026, Japan;
| | - Ichiro Murakami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi University Hospital, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
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Roife D, Sarcar B, Fleming JB. Stellate Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1263:67-84. [PMID: 32588324 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44518-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As tumor microenvironments share many of the same qualities as chronic wounds, attention is turning to the wound-repair cells that support the growth of cancerous cells. Stellate cells are star-shaped cells that were first discovered in the perisinusoidal spaces in the liver and have been found to support wound healing by the secretion of growth factors and extracellular matrix. They have since been also found to serve a similar function in the pancreas. In both organs, the wound-healing process may become dysregulated and lead to pathological fibrosis (also known as cirrhosis in the liver). In recent years there has been increasing attention paid to the role of these cells in tumor formation and progression. They may be a factor in initiating the first steps of carcinogenesis such as with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and also contribute to continued tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, evasion of the immune system, and resistance to chemotherapy, in cancers of both the liver and pancreas. In this chapter we aim to review the structure and function of hepatic and pancreatic stellate cells and their contributions to the tumor microenvironment in their respective cancers and also discuss potential new targets for cancer therapy based on our new understanding of these vital components of the tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roife
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bhaswati Sarcar
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Kostallari E, Shah VH. Pericytes in the Liver. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:153-167. [PMID: 30937868 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver pericytes, commonly named hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), reside in the space between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatocytes. They display important roles in health and disease. HSCs ensure the storage of the majority of vitamin A in a healthy body, and they represent the major source of fibrotic tissue in liver disease. Surrounding cells, such as LSECs, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells, present a significant role in modulating HSC behavior. Therapeutic strategies against liver disease are being currently developed, where HSCs represent an ideal target. In this chapter, we will discuss HSC quiescence and activation in the context of healthy liver and diseases, such as fibrosis, steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Ruan W, Pan R, Shen X, Nie Y, Wu Y. CDH11 promotes liver fibrosis via activation of hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:543-549. [PMID: 30509494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, an important health condition associated with chronic liver injury that provides a permissive environment for cancer development, is characterized by the persistent deposition of extracellular matrix components that are mainly derived from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). CDH11 belongs to a group of transmembrane proteins that are principally located in adherens junctions. CDH11 mediates homophilic cell-to-cell adhesion, which may promote the development of cirrhosis. The goal of this study was to determine whether CDH11 regulates liver fibrosis and to examine its mechanism by focusing on HSC activation. Here we demonstrate that CDH11 expression is elevated in human and mouse fibrotic liver tissues and that CDH11 mediates the profibrotic response in activated HSCs. Our data indicate that CDH11 regulates the TGFβ-induced activation of HSCs. Moreover, cells from CDH11 deficient mice displayed decreased HSC activation in vitro, and CDH11 deficient mice developed liver fibrogenesis in response to chronic damage induced by CCl4 administration. In addition, CDH11 expression was positively correlated with liver fibrosis in patients with cirrhosis, and could therefore be a prognostic factor in patients with liver fibrosis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CDH11 promotes liver fibrosis by activating HSCs and may represent a potential target for anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyuan Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Runsang Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Guiyang Children's Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingjie Nie
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Yayun Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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