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Wei J, Wang S, Tang W, Xu Z, Ma D, Zheng M, Li J. Redox-directed identification of toxic transformation products during ozonation of aromatics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165929. [PMID: 37532054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity assessment of transformation products (TPs) formed in oxidative water treatment is crucial but challenging because of their low concentration, structural diversity, and mixture complexity. Here, this study developed a novel redox-directed approach for identification of toxic TPs without the individual toxicity and concentration information. This approach based on sodium borohydride reduction comprised an integrated process of toxicological evaluation, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix characterization, high-resolution mass spectrometry detection, followed by ecological toxicity assessment of identified TPs. The redox-directed identification of primary causative toxicants was experimentally tested for the increased nonspecific toxicity observations in the ozonated effluents of model aromatics. Reduction reaction caused a remarkable decrease in toxicity and increase in fluorescence intensity, obtaining a good linear relation between them. More than ten monomeric or dimeric p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) TPs were identified in the ozonated effluents. The occurrence of the p-BQ TPs was further verified through parallel sodium sulfite reduction and actual wastewater ozonation experiments. In vitro bioassays of luminescent bacteria, as well as in silico genotoxicity and cytotoxicity predictions, indicate that the toxicity of p-BQ TPs is significantly higher than that of their precursors and other TPs. These together demonstrated that the identified p-BQ TPs are primary toxicity contributors. The redox-directed approach facilitated the revelation of primary toxicity contribution, illustrating emerging p-BQs are a concern for aquatic ecosystem safety in the oxidative treatment of aromatics-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weixu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dehua Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
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Parchei Esfahani M, Wu C, De Visscher A. Theoretical estimation of the apparent rate constants for ozone decomposition in gas and aqueous phases using ab initio calculations. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrshad Parchei Esfahani
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringSchulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Chongchong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringSchulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Alex De Visscher
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringSchulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringGina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. E Montréal QC H3G 2W1 Canada
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Svärd L, Putkonen M, Kenttä E, Sajavaara T, Krahl F, Karppinen M, Van de Kerckhove K, Detavernier C, Simell P. Low-Temperature Molecular Layer Deposition Using Monofunctional Aromatic Precursors and Ozone-Based Ring-Opening Reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9657-9665. [PMID: 28838240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is an increasingly used deposition technique for producing thin coatings consisting of purely organic or hybrid inorganic-organic materials. When organic materials are prepared, low deposition temperatures are often required to avoid decomposition, thus causing problems with low vapor pressure precursors. Monofunctional compounds have higher vapor pressures than traditional bi- or trifunctional MLD precursors, but do not offer the required functional groups for continuing the MLD growth in subsequent deposition cycles. In this study, we have used high vapor pressure monofunctional aromatic precursors in combination with ozone-triggered ring-opening reactions to achieve sustained sequential growth. MLD depositions were carried out by using three different aromatic precursors in an ABC sequence, namely with TMA + phenol + O3, TMA + 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol + O3, and TMA + 2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde + O3. Furthermore, the effect of hydrogen peroxide as a fourth step was evaluated for all studied processes resulting in a four-precursor ABCD sequence. According to the characterization results by ellipsometry, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray reflectivity, self-limiting MLD processes could be obtained between 75 and 150 °C with each of the three aromatic precursors. In all cases, the GPC (growth per cycle) decreased with increasing temperature. In situ infrared spectroscopy indicated that ring-opening reactions occurred in each ABC sequence. Compositional analysis using time-of-flight elastic recoil detection indicated that fluorine could be incorporated into the film when 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol and 2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde were used as precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Svärd
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matti Putkonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eija Kenttä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Timo Sajavaara
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä , P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Fabian Krahl
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maarit Karppinen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kevin Van de Kerckhove
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281/S1, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281/S1, Gent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Pekka Simell
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
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Bao Q, Hui KS, Duh JG. Promoting catalytic ozonation of phenol over graphene through nitrogenation and Co 3O 4 compositing. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 50:38-48. [PMID: 28034429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic ozonation is progressively becoming an attractive technique for quick water purification but efficient and stable catalysts remains elusive. Here we solvothermally synthesized highly-dispersed Co3O4 nanocrystals over microscale nitrogen-doping graphene (NG) nanosheets and tested it as a synthetic catalyst in the ozonation of phenol in aqueous solutions. Transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to determine its morphology, crystallinity, elemental composition and molecular bonds, respectively. The comparative experiments confirmed the highest catalytic activity and oxidation degree (AOSC) of Co3O4/NG among four nanocomposites (G, NG, Co3O4/G, and Co3O4/NG). Co3O4/NG also has exhibited the highest degradation rate: complete conversion of a near-saturated concentration of phenol (941.1mg/L) was achieved within 30min under ambient conditions with only a small dosage of Co3O4/NG (50mg/L) and ozone (4mg/L, flow rate: 0.5L/min). It also resulted in 34.6% chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and 24.2% total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. In this work, graphene nanosheets not only functioned as a support for Co3O4 nanocrystals but also functioned as a co-catalyst for the enhancement in phenol removal efficiency. The surface nitridation and Co3O4 modification treatment further improved the removal rate of the phenol pollutants and brought in the higher oxidation degree. Our finding may open new perspectives for pursuing exceptional activity for catalytic ozonation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiwan Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, China; Department of Systems Engineering & Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kwan San Hui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Haengdang-dong, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jenq Gong Duh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiwan Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, China
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Valdés C, Alzate-Morales J, Osorio E, Villaseñor J, Navarro-Retamal C. A characterization of the two-step reaction mechanism of phenol decomposition by a Fenton reaction. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Avetta P, Pensato A, Minella M, Malandrino M, Maurino V, Minero C, Hanna K, Vione D. Activation of persulfate by irradiated magnetite: implications for the degradation of phenol under heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1043-50. [PMID: 25535799 DOI: 10.1021/es503741d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that phenol can be effectively degraded by magnetite in the presence of persulfate (S2O8(2–)) under UVA irradiation. The process involves the radical SO4(–•), formed from S2O8(2–) in the presence of Fe(II). Although magnetite naturally contains Fe(II), the air-exposed oxide surface is fully oxidized to Fe(III) and irradiation is required to produce Fe(II). The magnetite + S2O8(2–) system was superior to the corresponding magnetite + H2O2 one in the presence of radical scavengers and in a natural water matrix, but it induced phenol mineralization in ultrapure water to a lesser extent. The leaching of Fe from the oxide surface was very limited, and much below the wastewater discharge limits. The reasonable performance of the magnetite/persulfate system in a natural water matrix and the low levels of dissolved Fe are potentially important for the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater.
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Simulation of Ozone and Molecular Oxygen Oxidation of Dinitrogen Tetroxide to Nitric Anhydride. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aguilar CAH, Narayanan J, Manoharan M, Singh N, Thangarasu P. A Much-Needed Mechanism and Reaction Rate for the Oxidation of Phenols with ClO2: A Joint Experimental and Computational Study. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of phenols with chlorine dioxide, a powerful means to eliminate phenol pollutants from drinking water, is explored. Kinetic experiments reveal that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol exhibits a lower oxidation rate than other phenols because the chlorine atoms (σ = 0.22) at ortho and para-positions decrease the benzene’s electron density, in agreement with the Hammett plot. The oxidation of phenol was found to be second order with respect to phenol and first order with respect to ClO2 and a possible mechanism is proposed. The phenol/ClO2 oxidation was found to be pH-dependent since the reaction rate constant increases with increasing pH. The oxidation rate was also significantly enhanced with an increasing methanol ratio in water. The oxidation products, such as benzoquinones, were analysed and confirmed by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Density functional theory computations at both the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) and M06-2X.6-311+G(d,p) levels with the SCRF-PCM solvation model (i.e. with water) further supported the proposed mechanisms in which activation barriers predicted the right reactivity trend as shown by the kinetic experiments.
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