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Dunning TH, Xu LT. Electronic structure of Li 1,2,3 +,0,- and nature of the bonding in Li 2,3 +,0,. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:405-418. [PMID: 37966878 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study of the small lithium molecules Li2 +,0,- and Li3 +,0,- focuses on the nature of the bonding in these molecules as well as their structures and energetics (bond energies, ionization energies, and electron affinities). Valence CASSCF (2s,2p) calculations incorporate nondynamical electron correlation in the calculations, while the corresponding multireference configuration interaction and coupled cluster calculations incorporate dynamical electron correlation. Treatment of nondynamical correlation is critical for properly describing the Li2,3 +,0,- molecules as well as the Li- anion with dynamical correlation, in general, only fine-tuning the predictions. All lithium molecules and ions are bound, with the Li3 + and Li2 + ions being the most strongly bound, followed by Li3 - , Li2 , Li2 - and Li3 . The minimum energy structures of Li3 +,0,- are, respectively, an equilateral triangle, an isosceles triangle, and a linear structure. The results of SCGVB calculations are analyzed to obtain insights into the nature of the bonding in these molecules. An important finding of this work is that interstitial orbitals, a concept first put forward by McAdon and Goddard in 1985, play an essential role in the bonding of all lithium molecules considered here except for Li2 . The interstitial orbitals found in the Li3 +,0 molecules likely give rise to the non-nuclear attractors/maxima observed in these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom H Dunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lu T Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Liu H, Cao H, Cui X, Duan H, Jing Q, Wang Q. The geometry, electronic and magnetic properties of VLi n ( n = 2–13) clusters using the first-principles and PSO method. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1791990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibin Cao
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiming Duan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Jing
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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Zapata-Escobar AD, Murillo-López JA, Hadad CZ, Restrepo A. Understanding the nature of bonding interactions in the carbonic acid dimers. J Mol Model 2019; 25:20. [PMID: 30610383 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic acid dimer, (CA)2, (H2CO3)2, helps to explain the existence of this acid as a stable species, different to a simple sum between carbon dioxide and water. Five distinct, well characterized types of intermolecular interactions contribute to the stabilization of the dimers, namely, C=O⋯H-O, H-O⋯H-O, C=O⋯C=O, C=O⋯O-H, and C-O⋯O-H. In many cases, the stabilizing hydrogen bonds are of at least the same strength as in the water dimer. We dissect the nature of intermolecular interactions and assess their influence on stability. For a set of 40 (H2CO3)2 isomers, C=O⋯H-O hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen in one CA molecule and the acidic hydrogen in the hydroxyl group at a second CA molecule are the major stabilizing factors because they exhibit the shortest interaction distances, the largest orbital interaction energies, and the largest accumulation of electron densities around the corresponding bond critical points. In most cases, these are closed-shell hydrogen bonds, however, in a few instances, some covalent character is induced. Bifurcated hydrogen bonds are a common occurrence in the dimers of carbonic acid, resulting in a complex picture with multiple orbital interactions of various strengths. Two anti-anti monomers interacting via the strongest C=O⋯H-O hydrogen bonds are the ingredients for the formation of the lowest energy dimers. Graphical Abstract Carbonic acid dimer, (CA)2, (H2CO3)2, helps explaining the existence of this acid as a stable species, different to a simple sum between carbon dioxide and water. Five distinct, well-characterized types of intermolecular interactions contribute to the stabilization of the dimers, namely, C=O⋯H-O, H-O⋯O-H, C=O⋯C=O, C=O⋯O-C, and C-O⋯O-C. In many cases, the stabilizing hydrogen bonds are of at least the same strength as in the water dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy D Zapata-Escobar
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, 050010, Colombia
| | - Juliana Andrea Murillo-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Z Hadad
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, 050010, Colombia
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Antioquia, 050010, Colombia.
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Azizi A, Momen R, Xu T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Non-nuclear attractors in small charged lithium clusters, Li mq (m = 2-5, q = ±1), with QTAIM and the Ehrenfest force partitioning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24695-24707. [PMID: 30225484 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05214j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation we explore the function and existence of the non-nuclear attractor (NNA) for a series of small charged lithium clusters Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) using QTAIM and the Ehrenfest force F(r) partitioning schemes. The NNAs were found to be present in all of the Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) clusters for QTAIM, in contrast none were found for F(r). We discovered that the anionic and cationic lithium dimers are limiting cases for minimal and maximal impact of the NNA related to the relative sparseness of total charge density ρ(r) distributions respectively. Evidence is found that the NNA in the anionic dimer is in the process of being annihilated by two neighboring BCPs. We provide a measure of the size of the NNA and find for Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) that larger NNAs correlate with increased Li-Li separations. The NNA was determined to be a persistent feature by varying the Li separations for the cationic and anionic dimers. Very large Li separations failed to induce an NNA in the F(r) anionic dimer and therefore we conclude that F(r) is unable to detect NNAs. The metallicity ξ(rb) was also used to measure the sparseness of the distribution of ρ(r) and significant metallic character, on the basis of ξ(rb) > 1, was present for QTAIM but not for F(r), providing further evidence that F(r) cannot detect NNAs. Advantages of the use of Ehrenfest force F(r) partitioning scheme are discussed that include the design of nano-devices through tuning of the Ehrenfest potential VF(b) by the application of external forces such as a constant electric or strain field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azizi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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Huang WJ, Xu T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. The 3-D bonding morphology of the infra-red active normal modes of benzene. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mojica-Sánchez JP, Flores-Moreno R, Pineda-Urbina K, Gómez-Sandoval Z. Exploring the Structure, Energetic, and Magnetic Properties of Neutral Small Lithium Clusters Doped with Yttrium: Supermagnetic Atom Research. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11252-11261. [PMID: 31459233 PMCID: PMC6645110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations based on magnetic and energetic stability criteria were performed to study a series of yttrium-doped lithium neutral clusters. A relativistic approximation was employed to properly describe the energy and multiplicity of the given clusters' fundamental states. The interaction of the 4d-Y atomic orbitals with the sp-Li states had an important role in the magnetic and energetic behavior of the selected systems. The spin density was concentrated over the yttrium atom regardless of the size of the cluster. Li7Y is a new stable superatom due to its enhanced magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Mojica-Sánchez
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima Col. C.P. 28400, México
| | - Roberto Flores-Moreno
- Departamento
de Química, Grupo de Estructura de la Materia, Universidad Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara, Jalisco C.P. 44430, México
| | - Kayim Pineda-Urbina
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima Col. C.P. 28400, México
| | - Zeferino Gómez-Sandoval
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima Col. C.P. 28400, México
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Zhang J, Zhao L, Feng X, Zhang H, Zhang M, Luo Y. First-Principles Investigation of Trimetallic Clusters: GaMnLi
n
(n = 1–12). J CLUST SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-017-1226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zapata-Escobar AD, Cárcamo-Camacho T, Hadad CZ, Restrepo A. On the nature of the trimer, tetramer, and pentamer of ammonia borane. Theor Chem Acc 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-016-1853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Flórez E, Maldonado AF, Aucar GA, David J, Restrepo A. Microsolvation of methylmercury: structures, energies, bonding and NMR constants (199Hg,13C and17O). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1537-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hartree–Fock (HF) and second order perturbation theory (MP2) calculations within the scalar and full relativistic frames were carried out in order to determine the equilibrium geometries and interaction energies between cationic methylmercury (CH3Hg+) and up to three water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Flórez
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
- Medellín
- Colombia
| | - Alejandro F. Maldonado
- Physics Department
- Natural and Exact Science Faculty
- Northeastern University of Argentina and Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology
- IMIT
- Corrientes
| | - Gustavo A. Aucar
- Physics Department
- Natural and Exact Science Faculty
- Northeastern University of Argentina and Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology
- IMIT
- Corrientes
| | - Jorge David
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas
- Universidad EAFIT
- Medellín
- Colombia
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
- Medellín
- Colombia
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Hadad CZ, Jenkins S, Flórez E. Unusual solvation through both p-orbital lobes of a carbene carbon. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:094302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Z. Hadad
- Grupo de Química-Física Teórica, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, A. A. 1226 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Samantha Jenkins
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Elizabeth Flórez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 N° 30-65, Medellín, Colombia
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Galitskiy SA, Artemyev AN, Jänkälä K, Lagutin BM, Demekhin PV. Hartree-Fock calculation of the differential photoionization cross sections of small Li clusters. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:034306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4905722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Galitskiy
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - A. N. Artemyev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - K. Jänkälä
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - B. M. Lagutin
- Research Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave. 194, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Ph. V. Demekhin
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
- Research Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave. 194, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Gómez S, Restrepo A, Hadad CZ. Theoretical tools to distinguish O-ylides from O-ylidic complexes in carbene–solvent interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:31917-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04783h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Orbital interactions and bond indices are among the theoretical tools suitable to distinguishO-ylides fromO-ylidic carbene–solvent complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Grupo de Química-Física Teórica
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Medellín
- Colombia
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Grupo de Química-Física Teórica
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Medellín
- Colombia
| | - C. Z. Hadad
- Grupo de Química-Física Teórica
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia
- Medellín
- Colombia
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Binding energies of small lithium clusters: A comparison of different theoretical calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Stability analysis of lithio-silicon Si10Li8 clusters: Planar bicyclic ring vs. three-dimensional structures. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zapata-Escobar A, Manrique-Moreno M, Guerra D, Hadad CZ, Restrepo A. A combined experimental and computational study of the molecular interactions between anionic ibuprofen and water. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:184312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4874258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Hadad CZ, Florez E, Merino G, Cabellos JL, Ferraro F, Restrepo A. Potential energy surfaces of WC6 clusters in different spin states. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5762-8. [PMID: 24533862 DOI: 10.1021/jp4099045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stochastic explorations of the structural possibilities of neutral WC6 clusters in several spin states lead to very rich and complex potential energy surfaces, with geometries quite different from those of pure carbon clusters at the PBE0/def2-TZVP level. The global minimum is predicted to be a triplet-state semicyclic C6 conformation having every carbon in direct coordination to the W atom. Interaction energies are comparable to those of C7 clusters, revealing very strong W-C bonding. Our results suggest that C-C interactions in the clusters should be considered as intermediate between single and double bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Hadad
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA , Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Feng X, Zhang H, Zhao L, Luo Y, Cao W. Magnetic Superatoms in VLin (n = 1–13) Clusters: A First-Principles Prediction. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13025-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410489g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Youhua Luo
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
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Acelas N, Hincapié G, Guerra D, David J, Restrepo A. Structures, energies, and bonding in the water heptamer. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:044310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4816371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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23
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Muz İ, Atiş M, Canko O, Yıldırım EK. Ab initio search for global minimum structures of neutral and anionic hydrogenated Li5 clusters. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Structural characterization of the (MeSH)4 potential energy surface. J Mol Model 2013; 19:2173-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Microsolvation of Mg2+, Ca2+: strong influence of formal charges in hydrogen bond networks. J Mol Model 2013; 19:1763-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ibargüen C, Manrique-Moreno M, Hadad CZ, David J, Restrepo A. Microsolvation of dimethylphosphate: a molecular model for the interaction of cell membranes with water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:3203-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42778h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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