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Yuan WS, Hong D, Luo YX, Li XH, Liu FS, Liu ZT, Liu QJ. Pressure and temperature effects on the Raman spectra of LLM-105. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123170. [PMID: 37517265 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, only one crystal structure of LLM-105 (2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide) (P21/n) has been discovered, and there are still debates on its phase transition point and phase diagram. Based on previous work, we performed crystal structure, Raman spectra, and vibrational properties calculations on LLM-105 crystal. Our results indicate that the crystal structure of LLM-105 remains stable until compressed to 49 GPa, beyond which it may undergo two phase transitions at pressure intervals of 49.0-49.1 GPa and 51.4-51.5 GPa, respectively. Analysis of Raman shift results suggests that these two phase transitions may be reversible, with an intermediate phase possibly acting as a transition phase. Additionally, based on the quasi-harmonic approximation, we fitted the experimental data of LLM-105 lattice expansion state, obtaining the volume at zero pressure and using it for Raman spectra calculations. The results demonstrated the accuracy of this quasi-harmonic approximation method in describing the redshift of Raman peaks during the heating process and the excitation ratio of Raman peaks in different wavenumber ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuo Yuan
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hong
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China; School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liutai Avenue 1166, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ying-Xi Luo
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Han Li
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Tang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
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O’Connor D, Bier I, Tom R, Hiszpanski AM, Steele BA, Marom N. Ab Initio Crystal Structure Prediction of the Energetic Materials LLM-105, RDX, and HMX. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:6275-6289. [PMID: 38173900 PMCID: PMC10763925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction (CSP) is performed for the energetic materials (EMs) LLM-105 and α-RDX, as well as the α and β conformational polymorphs of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane (HMX), using the genetic algorithm (GA) code, GAtor, and its associated random structure generator, Genarris. Genarris and GAtor successfully generate the experimental structures of all targets. GAtor's symmetric crossover scheme, where the space group symmetries of parent structures are treated as genes inherited by offspring, is found to be particularly effective. However, conducting several GA runs with different settings is still important for achieving diverse samplings of the potential energy surface. For LLM-105 and α-RDX, the experimental structure is ranked as the most stable, with all of the dispersion-inclusive density functional theory (DFT) methods used here. For HMX, the α form was persistently ranked as more stable than the β form, in contrast to experimental observations, even when correcting for vibrational contributions and thermal expansion. This may be attributed to insufficient accuracy of dispersion-inclusive DFT methods or to kinetic effects not considered here. In general, the ranking of some putative structures is found to be sensitive to the choice of the DFT functional and the dispersion method. For LLM-105, GAtor generates a putative structure with a layered packing motif, which is desirable thanks to its correlation with low sensitivity. Our results demonstrate that CSP is a useful tool for studying the ubiquitous polymorphism of EMs and shows promise of becoming an integral part of the EM development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana O’Connor
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Imanuel Bier
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rithwik Tom
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Anna M. Hiszpanski
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Brad A. Steele
- Materials
Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Noa Marom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Wang J, Sun X, Gao C, Xu Z, Mai D, Dai R, Wang Z, Li H, Zhang Z. Pressure-Modulated Dissolution Behavior of LLM-105 Crystals in High-Temperature Water. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24654-24662. [PMID: 37457462 PMCID: PMC10339438 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of the microstructural evolution and reaction kinetics of energetic materials with high-temperature and high-pressure water contributes to the understanding of their microscopic physicochemical origin, which can provide critical experimental data for the use of energetic materials. As a promising high-energy and insensitive energetic material, LLM-105 has been investigated under extreme conditions such as high pressure and high temperature. However, little information is available about the effect of water on LLM-105 under high pressure and high temperature. In this work, the interaction between LLM-105 and water under HP-HT was investigated in detail. As a result, the dissolving behavior of LLM-105 in water under high pressure and high temperature is related to the initial pressure. When the initial pressure is less than 1 GPa, LLM-105 crystals are dissolved in high-temperature water; when the initial pressure is above 1 GPa, LLM-105 particles are only decomposed in high-temperature water. When the solution is saturated at a high temperature, recrystallization of the LLM-105 sample appears in the solution. High pressure hindered the dissolution process of the sample in HP-HT water because the interaction between the solute and the solvent was weakened by high pressure. The initial pressure is one of the significant parameters that determines whether LLM-105 crystals can be dissolved in high-temperature water. More importantly, water under high pressure and high temperature can not only act as a solvent when dissolving the samples but also act as a catalyst to accelerate the decomposition process. In addition, the HP-HT water reduced the decomposition temperature of the LLM-105 crystal to a large extent. The research in this paper not only provides insights into the interaction between LLM-105 and water but also contributes to the performance of energetic materials under extreme conditions and their practical applications in complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- The
Centre for Physical Experiments, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Chan Gao
- College
of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University
of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Zilong Xu
- Department
of Physics, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Di Mai
- Department
of Physics, University of Science and Technology
of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Rucheng Dai
- The
Centre for Physical Experiments, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongping Wang
- The
Centre for Physical Experiments, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Institute
of Chemical Materials, China Academy of
Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, China
| | - Zengming Zhang
- The
Centre for Physical Experiments, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
- Key
Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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Compression Behavior and Vibrational Properties of New Energetic Material LLM-105 Analyzed Using the Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional Theory. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226831. [PMID: 34833923 PMCID: PMC8625217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) is a newly energetic material with an excellent performance and low sensitivity and has attracted considerable attention. On the basis of the dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D), the high-pressure responses of vibrational properties, in conjunction with structural properties, are used to understand its intermolecular interactions and anisotropic properties under hydrostatic and uniaxial compressions. At ambient and pressure conditions, the DFT-D scheme could reasonably describe the structural parameters of LLM-105. The hydrogen bond network, resembling a parallelogram shape, links two adjacent molecules and contributes to the structure stability under hydrostatic compression. The anisotropy of LLM-105 is pronounced, especially for Raman spectra under uniaxial compression. Specifically, the red-shifts of modes are obtained for [100] and [010] compressions, which are caused by the pressure-induced enhance of the strength of the hydrogen bonds. Importantly, coupling modes and discontinuous Raman shifts are observed along [010] and [001] compressions, which are related to the intramolecular vibrational redistribution and possible structural transformations under uniaxial compressions. Overall, the detailed knowledge of the high-pressure responses of LLM-105 is established from the atomistic level. Uniaxial compression responses provide useful insights for realistic shock conditions.
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First-principles calculations of the electronic, vibrational, and thermodynamic properties of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105). Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang Y, Jin S, Li T, Lan G, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Chen Y. Solubilities of 2,6‐Diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide in the Binary Mixtures of DMSO+H
2
O, DMF+H
2
O and NMP+H
2
O in the Temperature Range from 293.15 to 323.15 K under the Atmospheric Pressure. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Wang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Tujuan Li
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Guanchao Lan
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Research Institute of Gansu Yinguang Chemical Industry Group Baiyin 730900 P. R. China
| | - Chang Zhou
- China Fortune Press Beijing 100070 P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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Wang X, Zeng Q, Li J, Yang M. First-Principles-Based Force Field for 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21054-21062. [PMID: 31867497 PMCID: PMC6921264 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) is a highly promising energetic material (EM) with high safety. Understanding its microscopic response mechanisms within the external stimulus is meaningful for the design of EMs. In order to comprehend the complicated phenomena, it is necessary to employ molecular simulation methods to investigate the response mechanisms with the force field (FF) at an atomic level. In this work, we developed a tailored FF for LLM-105 based on first-principles calculations. The validity of the FF was evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations. The structural parameters of LLM-105 predicted by FF are in good agreement with the experimental values, such as lattice constant, bond length, bond angle, dihedral angle and center of mass, and so forth. Moreover, the FF possesses good performance to describe the structural response on pressure accurately. In general, our work not only builds a balanced FF in gas and condensed phases, but also provides a useful tool to study the properties about LLM-105 at a large scale, which is helpful to improve the understanding about the balance between energy and safety in EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Institute
of Chemical Materials, China Academy of
Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qun Zeng
- Institute
of Chemical Materials, China Academy of
Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jinshan Li
- Institute
of Chemical Materials, China Academy of
Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Mingli Yang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu 610065, China
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8
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Structural, mechanical properties, and vibrational spectra of LLM-105 under high pressures from a first-principles study. J Mol Model 2017; 23:275. [PMID: 28891015 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the structure, mechanical properties, and vibrational spectra of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105), an energetic molecular crystal, with a first-principles method based on density functional theory (DFT) using the recentely developped HASEM package. The elastic constants, acoustic velocity, and parameters of equations of state were calculated, and the predicted ordering of stiffness constants is C 33 (38.5 GPa) > C 11 (24.0 GPa) > C 22 (17.7 GPa). We also investigated the structure and equation of state of LLM-105 under hydrostatic pressure up to 100 GPa. The predicted structures are in good agreement with experimental results available from ambient pressure to 20 GPa. Under compressions, the LLM-105 crystal exhibits anisotropic compressibility, with a highly incompressible response along the a-axis and c-axis. It is worth noting that there is a sudden change in the lattice parameters and change rate of volume at ~30 GPa. Based on the intermolecular interaction analysis and vibrational spectra, a phase transition at the hydrostatic pressure of ~30 GPa is predicted.
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Stavrou E, Riad Manaa M, Zaug JM, Kuo IFW, Pagoria PF, Kalkan B, Crowhurst JC, Armstrong MR. The high pressure structure and equation of state of 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) up to 20 GPa: X-ray diffraction measurements and first principles molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:144506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4932683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elissaios Stavrou
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M. Riad Manaa
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Joseph M. Zaug
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - I-Feng W. Kuo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Philip F. Pagoria
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Bora Kalkan
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics Engineering, Hacettepe University 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jonathan C. Crowhurst
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Michael R. Armstrong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P.O. Box 808 L-350, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Manaa MR, Kuo IFW, Fried LE. First-principles high-pressure unreacted equation of state and heat of formation of crystal 2,6-diamino-3, 5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105). J Chem Phys 2014; 141:064702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4891933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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