1
|
Puentes-Díaz N, Chaparro D, Reyes-Marquez V, Morales-Morales D, Flores-Gaspar A, Alí-Torres J. Computational Evaluation of the Potential Pharmacological Activity of Salen-Type Ligands in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S383-S396. [PMID: 37483007 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia representing from 60% to 70% of the cases globally. It is a multifactorial disease that, among its many pathological characteristics, has been found to provoke the metal ion dysregulation in the brain, along with an increase in the oxidative stress. There is proof that metallic complexes formed by the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and extraneuronal copper can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to an increase in oxidative stress, promoting neuronal death. Due to this interaction, bioavailable copper has become an important redox active target to consider within the search protocols of multifunctional agents for AD's treatment. Objective In this study, we examined by using bioinformatics and electronic structure calculations the potential application of 44 salen-type copper chelating ligands and 12 further proposed molecules as possible multifunctional agents in the context of AD. Methods The candidates were evaluated by combining bioinformatic tools and electronic structure calculations, which allowed us to classify the molecules as potential antioxidants, redistributor-like compounds, and the newly proposed suppressor mechanism. Results This evaluation demonstrate that salen-type ligands exhibit properties suitable for interfering in the chain of copper-induced oxidative stress reactions present in AD and potential redistributor and suppressor activity for copper ions. Finally, a novel set of plausible candidates is proposed and evaluated. Conclusion According to the evaluated criteria, a subset of 13 salen-type candidates was found to exhibit promissory pharmacological properties in the AD framework and were classified according to three plausible action mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Puentes-Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacionalde Colombia -Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Chaparro
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacionalde Colombia -Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Viviana Reyes-Marquez
- Departamentode Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Hermosillo, México
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Areli Flores-Gaspar
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alí-Torres
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacionalde Colombia -Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Puentes-Díaz N, Chaparro D, Morales-Morales D, Flores-Gaspar A, Alí-Torres J. Role of Metal Cations of Copper, Iron, and Aluminum and Multifunctional Ligands in Alzheimer's Disease: Experimental and Computational Insights. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4508-4526. [PMID: 36777601 PMCID: PMC9909689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of people around the world. Even though the causes of AD are not completely understood due to its multifactorial nature, some neuropathological hallmarks of its development have been related to the high concentration of some metal cations. These roles include the participation of these metal cations in the production of reactive oxygen species, which have been involved in neuronal damage. In order to avoid the increment in the oxidative stress, multifunctional ligands used to coordinate these metal cations have been proposed as a possible treatment to AD. In this review, we present the recent advances in experimental and computational works aiming to understand the role of two redox active and essential transition-metal cations (Cu and Fe) and one nonbiological metal (Al) and the recent proposals on the development of multifunctional ligands to stop or revert the damaging effects promoted by these metal cations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Puentes-Díaz
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 11301, Colombia
| | - Diego Chaparro
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 11301, Colombia
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva
Granada, Cajicá 250240, Colombia
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto
de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Areli Flores-Gaspar
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva
Granada, Cajicá 250240, Colombia
- Areli Flores-Gaspar − Departamento de Química,
Universidad Militar Nueva
Granada, Cajicá, 250247, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Alí-Torres
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Nacional
de Colombia−Sede Bogotá, Bogotá 11301, Colombia
- Jorge Alí-Torres − Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de
Colombia, Sede Bogotá,11301, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Orjuela AL, Núñez-Zarur F, Alí-Torres J. A computational protocol for the calculation of the standard reduction potential of iron complexes: application to Fe 2+/3+-Aβ model systems relevant to Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24077-24087. [PMID: 36200023 PMCID: PMC9451132 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron complexes play a key role in several biological processes, and they are also related to the development of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. One of the main properties involved in these processes is the standard reduction potential (SRP) of iron complexes. However, the calculation of this property is challenging, mainly due to problems in the electronic structure description, solvent effects and the thermodynamic cycles used for its calculation. In this work, we proposed a computational protocol for the calculation of SRPs of iron complexes by evaluating a wide range of density functionals for the electronic structure description, two implicit solvent models with varying radii and two thermodynamic cycles. Results show that the M06L density functional in combination with the SMD solvation model and the isodesmic method provides good results compared with SRP experimental values for a set of iron complexes. Finally, this protocol was applied to three Fe2+/3+-Aβ model systems involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease and the obtained SRP values are in good agreement with those reported previously by means of MP2 calculations. Iron complexes play a key role in the development of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. We provide a computational protocol based on DFT for the calculation of standard reduction potentials of iron complexes relevant to Alzheimer's disease.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián L. Orjuela
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| | - Francisco Núñez-Zarur
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Medellín, Carrera 87 No 30-65, 050026 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alí-Torres
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, 111321, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chaparro D, Flores-Gaspar A, Alí-Torres J. Computational Design of Copper Ligands with Controlled Metal Chelating, Pharmacokinetics, and Redox Properties for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S179-S193. [PMID: 34032611 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redox active metal cations, such as Cu2 +, have been related to induce amyloid plaques formation and oxidative stress, which are two of the key events in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and others metal promoted neurodegenerative diseases. In these oxidative events, standard reduction potential (SRP) is an important property especially relevant in the reactive oxygen species formation. OBJECTIVE The SRP is not usually considered for the selection of drug candidates in anti-AD treatments. In this work, we present a computational protocol for the selection of multifunctional ligands with suitable metal chelating, pharmacokinetics, and redox properties. METHODS The filtering process is based on quantum chemical calculations and the use of in silico tools. Calculations of SRP were performed by using the M06-2X density functional and the isodesmic approach. Then, a virtual screening technique (VS) was used for similar structure search. RESULTS Protocol application allowed the assessment of chelating, drug likeness, and redox properties of copper ligands. Those molecules showing the best features were selected as molecular scaffolds for a VS procedure in order to obtain related compounds. After applying this process, we present a list of candidates with suitable properties to prevent the redox reactions mediated by copper(II) ion. CONCLUSION The protocol incorporates SRP in the filtering stage and can be effectively used to obtain a set of potential drug candidates for AD treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Chaparro
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Areli Flores-Gaspar
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alí-Torres
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Valdéz-Camacho JR, Ramírez-Solís A, Escalante J, Ruiz-Azuara L, Hô M. Theoretical determination of half-wave potentials for phenanthroline-, bipyridine-, acetylacetonate-, and glycinate-containing copper (II) complexes. J Mol Model 2020; 26:191. [PMID: 32617735 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a protocol for the evaluation of theoretical half-wave potential (E1/2) using a set of 22 mixed chelate copper (II) complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine derivatives as primary ligands, and acetylacetonate or glycinate as secondary ligands (formally from the Casiopeínas® family) for which accurate experimental values were determined in a 2/5 mixture of ethanol/water. We have calibrated the BP86, PBE, PBE0, B3LYP, M06-2X, and ω-B97XD functionals, using the Los Alamos LANL2DZ and Stuttgart-Köln SDDAll effective core potentials for the Cu and Fe atoms and the 6-311+G* basis set for the C, H, O, and N atoms. To address the solvent effects, we have saturated the first solvation shell with up to 9 water molecules for the explicit model and compared it with the Continuum Like-Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM) implicit solvent scheme. We found that the PBE/LANL2DZ-6-311+G* protocol (with the CPCM implicit solvent scheme with an effective dielectric constant ε = 64.9121 for the 2/5 mixture of ethanol/water) yields the overall best performance. The theoretical values are compared with experimental data, three of which are reported here for the first time. We find good correlations between the theoretical and experimental E1/2 values for the 2,2'-bipyridine derivatives (R2 = 0.987, MAE = 86 mV) and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives (R2 = 0.802, MAE = 58.4 mV). The correlation trends have been explained in terms of the copper atom's ability to be reduced in the presence of the ligands. The Gibbs free energy differences at 298 K obtained for the redox reactions show that the more flexible secondary ligands (acetylacetonate) lead to larger entropic contributions which, as expected, increase the average MAE values as compared with the more rigid ligands (glycine). The present protocol yields lower MAEs as compared with previous approaches for similar mixed and flexible Cu(II) complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Román Valdéz-Camacho
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Ramírez-Solís
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaime Escalante
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Lena Ruiz-Azuara
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, 04510, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Minhhuy Hô
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|