Electrodeposition of lead on glassy carbon and mercury film electrodes from a distillable room temperature ionic liquid, DIMCARB

Ionometallurgical Step-Electrodeposition of Zinc and Lead and its Application in a Cycling-Stable High-Voltage Zinc-Graphite Battery

Ionometallurgy is a new development aiming at the sustainable low-temperature conversion of naturally occurring metal ores and minerals to their metals or valuable chemicals in ionic liquids (ILs) or deep eutectic solvents. The IL betainium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, [Hbet][NTf₂ ], is especially suited for this process due to its redox-stability and specific-functionalization. The potentiostatic electrodeposition of zinc and lead starting directly from ZnO and PbO, which dissolve in [Hbet][NTf₂ ] in high concentrations is reported. The initial reduction potentials of zinc(II) and lead(II) are about -1.5 and -1.0 V, respectively. The ionic conductivity of the solution of ZnO in [Hbet][NTf₂ ] is measured and the effect of various temperatures and potentials on the morphology of the deposited material is explored. The IL proves to be stable under the chosen conditions. From IL-solutions, where ZnO, PbO, and MgO have been dissolved, metallic Zn and Pb are deposited under potentiostatic control either consecutively by step-electrodeposition or together in a co-electrodeposition. Using the method, Zn is also deposited on 3D copper foam and assembles into high-voltage zinc-graphite battery. It exhibits a working-voltage up to 2.7 V, an output midpoint discharge-voltage of up to 2.16 V, up to 98.6% capacity-retention after 150 cycles, and good rate performance.

Electrodeposition of aluminium foils on carbon electrodes in low temperature ionic liquid

Schematic illustration of aluminium foils on GC substrate by electrodeposition. It is significant to find the thickness value at which dendrites start occurring on foils at different current densities.

Pb electrodeposition from PbO in the urea/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride at room temperature

In this study, we dissolved PbO in a new electrolyte urea/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) and electrochemically extracted Pb.

Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 at Metal Electrodes in a Distillable Ionic Liquid

The electroreduction of CO2 in the distillable ionic liquid dimethylammonium dimethylcarbamate (dimcarb) has been investigated with 17 metal electrodes. Analysis of the electrolysis products reveals that aluminum, bismuth, lead, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, iron, molybdenum, titanium and zirconium electroreduce the available protons in dimcarb to hydrogen rather than reducing CO2 . Conversely, indium, tin, zinc, silver and gold are able to catalyze the reduction of CO2 to predominantly carbon monoxide (CO) and to a lesser extent, formate ([HCOO](-) ). In all cases, the applied potential was found to have a minimal influence on the distribution of the reduction products. Overall, indium was found to be the best electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction in dimcarb, with faradaic efficiencies of approximately 45 % and 40 % for the generation of CO and [HCOO](-) , respectively, at a potential of -1.34 V versus Cc(+/0) (Cc(+) =cobaltocenium) employing a dimethylamine to CO2 ratio of less than 1.8:1.