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Häring AP, Pollok D, Strücker BR, Kilian V, Schneider J, Waldvogel SR. Beyond Kolbe and Hofer-Moest: Electrochemical Synthesis of Carboxylic Anhydrides from Carboxylic Acids. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200059. [PMID: 35561027 PMCID: PMC9100815 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a conceptually new non-decarboxylative electrolysis of carboxylic acids to obtain their corresponding anhydrides as highly valuable reagents in organic synthesis. All carbon atoms of the starting material are preserved in the product in an overall redox-neutral reaction. In a broad substrate scope of carboxylic acids the anhydrides are generated with high selectivity, which demonstrates the versatility of the developed method. Beneficially, no dehydrating reagents are required in comparison to conventional methods and the synthesis is based on uncritical starting materials using graphite and stainless steel as very inexpensive and eco-friendly electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas P Häring
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Pollok
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin R Strücker
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vincent Kilian
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Sangsawang R, Buranachai C, Thavarungkul P, Kanatharana P, Jeerapan I. Cavitas electrochemical sensors for the direct determination of salivary thiocyanate levels. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:415. [PMID: 34755233 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive diagnosis using salivary samples to detect thiocyanate provides vital information on individual health. This article demonstrates the first example of a wearable sensing device to noninvasively assess thiocyanate levels. The customized screen-printed electrode system is integrated into a form of a mouthguard squarewave-voltammetric sensor toward the convenient and fast detection of the salivary biomarker within 15 s. The sensor with a protective film to mitigate the effect of biofouling offers high sensitivity and selectivity toward the detection of thiocyanate ions. Partial least square regression is applied to analyze the high-order squarewave-voltammetric data over the applied potential range of 0-1.75 V vs Ag/AgCl and quantify the thiocyanate concentration in a complex matrix. The mouthguard sensor operating under physiological conditions can monitor a wide range of thiocyanate (up to 11 mM) with a low detection limit of 30 µM. The demonstration introduces a unique approach, that obviates the requirement for blood sampling, to study thiocyanate levels of healthy people, cigarette smokers, or people with other health conditions. It is envisioned that the new cavitas device possesses a substantial promise for diverse biomedical diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachanon Sangsawang
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Chongdee Buranachai
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.,Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.,Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.,Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Itthipon Jeerapan
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand. .,Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Gorska B, Bujewska P, Fic K. Thiocyanates as attractive redox-active electrolytes for high-energy and environmentally-friendly electrochemical capacitors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:7923-7935. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports on the novel insight into the development of high voltage carbon/carbon electrochemical capacitors operating in aqueous solutions of alkali metals and ammonium thiocyanates (KSCN, NaSCN, LiSCN, and NH4SCN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gorska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Paulina Bujewska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fic
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
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