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Alsaiari M, Saleem A, Alsaiari R, Muhammad N, Latif U, Tariq M, Almohana A, Rahim A. SiO 2/Al 2O 3/C grafted 3-n propylpyridinium silsesquioxane chloride-based non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for determination of carcinogenic nitrite in food products. Food Chem 2022; 369:130970. [PMID: 34500207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The excessive uptake of nitrite is perilous and detrimental for human health that prone to cancer disease. Herein, described the synthesis of SiO2/Al2O3/C material through the sol-gel procedure followed by grafting with 3-n propylpyridinium silsesquioxane chloride organic ligand for enhancing electrochemical activity. H-NMR, 13C NMR, and 29Si studies were performed for confirmation of surface functionalization through the grafting technique. The surface morphology was evaluated through SEM and TEM techniques. The material showed an irregular and flakes-like structure that exhibited more compactness and conglomerate structure with no segregation in phase was observed after grafting. The elemental composition was confirmed from EDX analysis. The electrochemical measurements were performed with cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometry. The prepared hybrid inorganic-organic composite Si/C/Al/SiPy+Cl- was applied for the modification of the glassy carbon (GC) electrode and assessed as a sensor for nitrite determination. The sensor showed the low limit of detection (0.01 μM), low limit of quantification (0.08 μM), wide linear response range (0.2-280 μM), and high sensitivity (410 μA·μM-1). It gave a quick response time of <1 s in the presence of 70 μM nitrite. The fabricated sensor showed high sensitivity, chemical stability, and insignificant interference from co-existing species present in sausage meat and food industry discharges. The repeatability of the sensor was evaluated as 2.5 % R.S.D.; for n = 10 at 50 μM nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabkhoot Alsaiari
- Promising Centre for sensors and electronic devices (PCSED), Advanced materials and Nano Research Centre, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Empty Quarter Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amina Saleem
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Raiedhah Alsaiari
- Promising Centre for sensors and electronic devices (PCSED), Advanced materials and Nano Research Centre, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Empty Quarter Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University KPK, Pakistan
| | - Usman Latif
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Almohana
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O.BOX 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
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Biocompatible MXene (Ti 3C 2T x) Immobilized with Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide as an Electrochemical Transducer for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080862. [PMID: 34442484 PMCID: PMC8401909 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a coenzyme and acts as a redox cofactor in metabolic process. Owing to such problems as poor electron transfer properties, unfavorable adsorption, and lack of stability on rigid electrodes, the bio-electrochemical applications of FAD have been limited. Herein, a novel fabrication method was developed for the immobilization process using 2D MXene (Ti3C2Tx), which enhanced the redox property of FAD and improved the electro-catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neutral medium. The FAD-immobilized Ti3C2Tx electrode (FAD/Ti3C2Tx) was studied by UV-Visible and Raman spectroscopies, which confirmed the successful adsorption of FAD on the Ti3C2Tx surface. The surface morphology and the elemental composition of Ti3C2Tx were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The redox property of the FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified glassy carbon electrode (FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE) was highly dependent on pH and exhibited a stable redox peak at −0.455 V in neutral medium. Higher amounts of FAD molecules were loaded onto the 2D MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-modified electrode, which was two times higher than the values in the reported work, and the surface coverage (ᴦFAD) was 0.8 × 10−10 mol/cm2. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified sensor showed the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 at −0.47 V, which was 130 mV lower than the bare electrode. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE sensor showed a linear detection of H2O2 from 5 nM to 2 µM. The optimization of FAD deposition, amount of Ti3C2Tx loading, effect of pH and the interference study with common biochemicals such as glucose, lactose, dopamine (DA), potassium chloride (KCl), ascorbic acid (AA), amino acids, uric acid (UA), oxalic acid (OA), sodium chloride (NaCl) and acetaminophen (PA) have been carried out. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE showed high selectivity and reproducibility. Finally, the FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified electrode was successfully applied to detect H2O2 in ovarian cancer cell lines.
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Zhang S, Karthikeyan R, Fernando SD. Evaluating apoenzyme–coenzyme–substrate interactions of methane monooxygenase with an engineered active site for electron harvesting: a computational study. J Mol Model 2018; 24:347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Highly sensitive electrochemical detection of iodate based on glassy carbon electrode modified with iridium oxide. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Palanisamy S, Wang YT, Chen SM, Thirumalraj B, Lou BS. Direct electrochemistry of immobilized hemoglobin and sensing of bromate at a glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene and β-cyclodextrin. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chen PY, Yang HH, Huang CC, Chen YH, Shih Y. Involvement of Cu(II) in the electrocatalytic reduction of bromate on a disposable nano-copper oxide modified screen-printed carbon electrode: hair waving products as an example. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Goran JM, Stevenson KJ. Electrochemical behavior of flavin adenine dinucleotide adsorbed onto carbon nanotube and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13605-13613. [PMID: 24156654 DOI: 10.1021/la403020y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a cofactor for many enzymes, but also an informative redox active surface probe for electrode materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nitrogen-doped CNTs (N-CNTs). FAD spontaneously adsorbs onto the surface of CNTs and N-CNTs, displaying Langmuir adsorption characteristics. The Langmuir adsorption model provides a means of calculating the electroactive surface area (ESA), the equilibrium constant for the adsorption and desorption processes (K), and the Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔG°). Traditional ESA measurements based on the diffusional flux of a redox active molecule to the electrode surface underestimate the ESA of porous materials because pores are not penetrated. Techniques such as gas adsortion (BET) overestimate the ESA because it includes both electroactive and inactive areas. The ESA determined by extrapolation of the Langmuir adsorption model with the electroactive surface probe FAD will penetrate pores and only include electroactive areas. The redox activity of adsorbed FAD also displays a strong dependency on pH, which provides a means of determining the pKa of the surface confined species. The pKa of FAD decreases as the nitrogen content in the CNTs increases, suggesting a decreased hydrophobicity of the N-CNT surface. FAD desorption at N-CNTs slowly transforms the main FAD surface redox reaction with E1/2 at -0.84 V into two new, reversible, surface confined redox reactions with E1/2 at -0.65 and -0.76 V (vs Hg/Hg2SO4), respectively (1.0 M sodium phosphate buffer pH = 6.75). This is the first time these redox reactions have been observed. The new surface confined redox reactions were not observed during FAD desorption from nondoped CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Goran
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Electrochemistry, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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In situ immobilization of nickel(II) phthalocyanine on mesoporous SiO2/C carbon ceramic matrices prepared by the sol–gel method: Use in the simultaneous voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid and dopamine. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li TJ, Lin CY, Balamurugan A, Kung CW, Wang JY, Hu CW, Wang CC, Chen PY, Vittal R, Ho KC. Modification of glassy carbon electrode with a polymer/mediator composite and its application for the electrochemical detection of iodate. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 737:55-63. [PMID: 22769036 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by depositing a composite of polymer and mediator on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The mediator, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and the polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) were electrochemically deposited as a composite on the GCE by applying cyclic voltammetry (CV). This modified electrode is hereafter designated as GCE/PEDOT/FAD. FAD was found to significantly enhance the growth of PEDOT. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) analysis was performed to study the mass changes in the electrode during the electrodeposition of PEDOT, with and without the addition of FAD. The optimal cycle number for preparing the modified electrode was determined to be 9, and the corresponding surface coverage of FAD (Γ(FAD)) was ca. 5.11×10(-10)mol cm(-2). The amperometric detection of iodate was performed in a 100 mM buffer solution (pH 1.5). The GCE/PEDOT/FAD showed a sensitivity of 0.78 μA μM(-1) cm(-2), a linear range of 4-140 μM, and a limit of detection of 0.16 μM for iodate. The interference effects of 250-fold Na(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Zn(2+), Fe(2+), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), I(-), SO(4)(2-) and SO(3)(2-), with reference to the concentration of iodate were negligible. The long-term stability of GCE/PEDOT/FAD was also investigated. The GCE/PEDOT/FAD electrode retained 82% of its initial amperometric response to iodate after 7 days. The GCE/PEDOT/FAD was also applied to determine iodate in a commercial salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Jen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Modification of glassy carbon electrode with polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite: Application to electro-reduction of bromate. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Balamurugan A, Lin CY, Nien PC, Ho KC. Electrochemical Preparation of a Nanostructured Poly(amino napthalene sulfonic acid) Electrode Using CTAB as a Soft Template and Its Electrocatalytic Application for the Reduction of Iodate. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Noorbakhsh A, Salimi A. Development of DNA electrochemical biosensor based on immobilization of ssDNA on the surface of nickel oxide nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 30:188-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rahim A, Barros SB, Kubota LT, Gushikem Y. SiO2/C/Cu(II)phthalocyanine as a biomimetic catalyst for dopamine monooxygenase in the development of an amperometric sensor. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rahim A, Barros SB, Arenas LT, Gushikem Y. In situ immobilization of cobalt phthalocyanine on the mesoporous carbon ceramic SiO2/C prepared by the sol–gel process. Evaluation as an electrochemical sensor for oxalic acid. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Freitas GRSD, Silva Junior HD, Pereira FRDS, Farias RFD, Pereira FC. Análise de iodato em sais de cozinha. ECLÉTICA QUÍMICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-46702011000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodato pode ser reduzido em solução tampão B-R pH 2,0 por ação da hidroxilamina. Dependendo da concentração do agente redutor é possível gerar iodo molecular ou o complexo triiodeto. Iodo apresenta um conjunto de três picos de absorção, enquanto o complexo somente dois na região do ultravioleta. Utilizando excesso de hidroxilamina é possível monitorar o triiodeto em max. 352 nm e max. 288 nm. Empregando as melhores condições experimentais, curvas de calibração lineares entre 2,3x10-4 mol L-1 a 5,0x10-4 mol L-1 foram obtidas para a determinação de iodato. A metodologia foi aplicada em amostras de sais de cozinha de supermercados da cidade de Natal, RN.
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Electrocatalytic reduction of bromate ion using a polyaniline-modified electrode: An efficient and green technology for the removal of BrO3− in aqueous solutions. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Canevari TC, Vinhas RCG, Landers R, Gushikem Y. SiO2/SnO2/Sb2O5 microporous ceramic material for immobilization of Meldola's blue: application as an electrochemical sensor for NADH. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:2402-6. [PMID: 21067911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The mixed oxide SiO(2)/SnO(2), containing 25 wt% of SnO(2), determined by X-ray fluorescence, was prepared by the sol-gel method and the porous matrix obtained was then grafted with Sb (V), resulting the solid designated as (SiSnSb). XPS indicated 0.7% of Sb atoms on the surface. Sb grafted on the surface contains Brønsted acid centers (SbOH groups) that can immobilize Meldola's blue (MB(+)) cationic dye onto the surface by an ion exchange reaction, resulting the solid designated as (SiSnSb/MB). In the present case a surface concentration of MB(+)=2.5×10(-11) mol cm(2) on the surface was obtained. A homogeneous mixture of the SiSnSb/MB with ultra pure graphite (99.99%) was pressed in disk format and used to fabricate a working electrode that displayed an excellent specific electrocatalytic response to NADH oxidation, with a formal potential of -0.05 V at pH 7.3. The electrochemical properties of the resulting electrode were investigated thoroughly with cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometry techniques. The proposed sensor showed a good linear response range for NADH concentrations between 8×10(-5) and 9.0×10(-4) mol L(-1), with a detection limit of 1.5×10(-7) mol L(-1). The presence of dopamine and ascorbic acid did not show any interference in the detection of NADH on this modified electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Canevari
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Salimi A, Hallaj R, Kavosi B, Hagighi B. Highly sensitive and selective amperometric sensors for nanomolar detection of iodate and periodate based on glassy carbon electrode modified with iridium oxide nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 661:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Thangamuthu R, Wu YC, Chen SM. Silicomolybdate-Incorporated-Glutaraldehyde-Cross-Linked Poly-L-Lysine Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as Amperometric Sensor for Bromate Determination. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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SiO2/TiO2/Sb2O5/graphite carbon ceramic conducting material: preparation, characterization, and its use as an electrochemical sensor. J Solid State Electrochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-009-0796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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