Multi-wall carbon nanotubes and TiO2 as a sensor for electrocatalytic determination of epinephrinein the presence of p-chloranil as a mediator

Molecule(s) of Interest: I. Ionic Liquids-Gateway to Newer Nanotechnology Applications: Advanced Nanobiotechnical Uses', Current Status, Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Prospects

Ionic liquids are a potent class of organic compounds exhibiting unique physico-chemical properties and structural compositions that are different from the classical dipolar organic liquids. These molecules have found diverse applications in different chemical, biochemical, biophysical fields, and a number of industrial usages. The ionic liquids-based products and procedural applications are being developed for a number of newer industrial purposes, and academic uses in nanotechnology related procedures, processes, and products, especially in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. The current article overviews their uses in different fields, including applications, functions, and as parts of products and processes at primary and advanced levels. The application and product examples, and prospects in various fields of nanotechnology, domains of nanosystem syntheses, nano-scale product development, the process of membrane filtering, biofilm formation, and bio-separations are prominently discussed. The applications in carbon nanotubes; quantum dots; and drug, gene, and other payload delivery vehicle developments in the nanobiotechnology field are also covered. The broader scopes of applications of ionic liquids, future developmental possibilities in chemistry and different bio-aspects, promises in the newer genres of nanobiotechnology products, certain bioprocesses controls, and toxicity, together with emerging trends, challenges, and prospects are also elaborated.

Recent advances in carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors for food azo dyes detection

Azo dyes as widely applied food colorants are popular for their stability and affordability. On the other hand, many of these dyes can have harmful impacts on living organs, which underscores the need to control the content of this group of dyes in food. Among the various analytical approaches for detecting the azo dyes, special attention has been paid to electro-analytical techniques for reasons such as admirable sensitivity, excellent selectivity, reproducibility, miniaturization, green nature, low cost, less time to prepare and detect of specimens and the ability to modify the electrode. Satisfactory results have been obtained so far for carbon-based nanomaterials in the fabrication of electrochemical sensing systems in detecting the levels of these materials in various specimens. The purpose of this review article is to investigate carbon nanomaterial-supported techniques for electrochemical sensing systems on the analysis of azo dyes in food samples in terms of carbon nanomaterials used, like carbon nanotubes (CNT) and grapheme (Gr).

Amperometric galectin-3 immunosensor-based gold nanoparticle-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets and core-shell Ti-MOF@COFs composites

Antigen galectin-3 (GL-3), a member of β-galactoside proteins indicates cardiac fibrosis and is a significant biomarker for monitoring heart failure risk and death risk. In this study, a novel sensitive amperometric method for antigen GL-3 detection is developed based on gold nanoparticle-functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C₃N₄@Au NPs) as the sensor platform and Ti-based metal organic framework (Ti-MOF, NH₂-MIL-125)@covalent organic frameworks (COFs) composite for the signal amplification. The Ti-MOF@COF composite not only facilitates the penetration of antibody proteins into pore channels, but also the highly stable antigen-antibody interactions. The prepared sensor platform and signal amplification material are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The amperometric technique is utilized to achieve antigen GL-3 detection in plasma samples. The immunosensor demonstrates a wide linearity range (0.0001-20.0 ng mL^-1) and a low detection limit (0.025 pg mL^-1). Finally, the prepared immunosensor shows high stability and selectivity under optimum conditions.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS FOR THE DETECTION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS FOR APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICINE

Neurotransmitters are important biological molecules that are essential to many neurophysiological processes including memory, cognition, and behavioral states. The development of analytical methodologies to accurately detect neurotransmitters is of great importance in neurological and biological research. Specifically designed microelectrodes or microbiosensors have demonstrated potential for rapid, real-time measurements with high spatial resolution. Such devices can facilitate study of the role and mechanism of action of neurotransmitters and can find potential uses in biomedicine. This paper reviews the current status and recent advances in the development and application of electrochemical sensors for the detection of small-molecule neurotransmitters. Measurement challenges and opportunities of electroanalytical methods to advance study and understanding of neurotransmitters in various biological models and disease conditions are discussed.