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AlSalem HS, Algethami FK, Magdy MA, Ali NW, Zaazaa HE, Abdelkawy M, Abdelrahman MM, Gamal M. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Analysis of Anti-Asthmatic Combination Therapy in Pharmaceutical Formulation: Assessment of the Method's Greenness and Blueness. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1002. [PMID: 39204107 PMCID: PMC11357029 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A cost-effective, selective, sensitive, and operational TLC-densitometric approach has been adapted for the concurrent assay of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride (HYX), Ephedrine Hydrochloride (EPH), and Theophylline (THP) in their pure powder and pharmaceutical forms. In the innovative TLC-densitometric approach, HYX, EPH, and THP were efficaciously separated and quantified on a 60F254 silica gel stationary phase with chloroform-ammonium acetate buffer (9.5:0.5, v/v) adjusted to pH 6.5 using ammonia solution as a mobile liquid system and UV detection at 220 nm. The novel TLC method validation has been performed in line with the international conference for harmonization (ICH) standards and has been effectively used for the estimation of the researched medicines in their pharmaceutical formulations without intervention from excipients. Additionally, parameters affecting the chromatographic analysis have been investigated. The new TLC approach's functionality and greenness were appraised using three modern and automated tools, namely the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), the Analytical Greenness metric (AGREE), and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) tools. In short, the greenness characteristics were not achieved as a result of using mandatory, non-ecofriendly solvents such as ammonia and chloroform. On the contrary, the applicability and usefulness of the novel TLC approach were attained via concurrent estimation for the three drugs using simple and straightforward procedures. Moreover, the novel TLC method outperforms previously published HPLC ones in terms of the short run time per sample and moderate pH value for the liquid system. According to the conclusions of comparisons with previously recorded TLC methods, our novel HPTLC method has the highest AGREE score, so it is the greenest HPTLC strategy. Moreover, its functionality and applicability are very appropriate because of the simultaneous assessment of three drugs in one TLC run. Furthermore, no tedious and complicated extraction and evaporation processes are prerequisites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Salem AlSalem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faisal K. Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maimana A. Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Nourudin W. Ali
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Hala E. Zaazaa
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.E.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Abdelkawy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (H.E.Z.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha M. Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Al-nami S, Alorabi AQ, Al-Ahmed ZA, Mogharbel AT, Abumelha HM, Hussein MA, El-Metwaly NM. Superficial and Inkjet Scalable Printed Sensors Integrated with Iron Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide for Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Lurasidone. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10449-10458. [PMID: 36969426 PMCID: PMC10034779 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present work demonstrated the fabrication and the electrochemical characterization of novel printed electrochemical sensors integrated with an innovative nanosensing platform based on the synergic electrocatalytic effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for precise voltammetric determination of the antipsychotic drug lurasidone hydrochloride (LUH). The features of the electrode surface fabricated using the ordinary inkjet printer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among different ink formulations, integration of the printing ink with the ratio 15 mg FeONPs and 20 mg rGO was found to be the most appropriate for sensitive quantification of LUH in biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations in the presence of LUH degradation products. Under the optimized experimental and electroanalytical parameters, the recorded square-wave voltammograms were correlated to LUH within the linear concentration ranging from 50 to 2150 ng mL-1 with detection limit and limit of quantification values of 15.64 and 47.39 ng mL-1, respectively. Based on the cyclic voltammograms recorded for LUH at different scan rates, the electrode reaction was assumed to be a diffusion reaction mechanism accompanied by the transfer of two electrons/protons through the oxidation of the five-membered ring nitrogen atom as assumed by the molecular orbital calculations carried out on the LUH molecule. The C max of LUH and the efficiency of the fabricated sensors enabled their clinical application for monitoring LUH in human biological fluids and pharmaceutical formulations in the presence of degradants for diverse quality control applications and green chemistry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar
Y. Al-nami
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Q. Alorabi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Albaha
University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha 65799, Saudi Arbia
| | - Zehbah A. Al-Ahmed
- Depertment
of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Art, Dhahran Aljounb, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Amal T. Mogharbel
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M. Abumelha
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Hussein
- Biochemistry
Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, 6th of October
City, Giza 28125, Egypt
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, El-Gomhoria
Street, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Freitas JM, Silva PR, Munoz RA, Richter EM. Fast and portable voltammetric method for the determination of the amphetamine adulterant ephedrine in natural over-the-counter weight-loss products. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ağın F, Öztürk G, Kul D. Voltammetric Analysis of Ephedrine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Urine Using poly(Nile Blue A) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:366-375. [PMID: 32718283 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200727100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The electrochemical analysis of ephedrine which is a sympathometric drug has been studied using poly(Nile blue A) modified glassy carbon electrodes, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. METHODS The modified electrodes were prepared by potential cycling electropolymerization of Nile blue A in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.0. The redox behavior of ephedrine was investigated in different buffer solutions at pH values between 5.5 and 9.0. RESULTS Scan rate studies showed that the electron transfer reaction of ephedrine was diffusion controlled. A linear response was obtained between the peak current and the ephedrine concentration in the range of 0.6 to 100 μM with a limit of detection of 2.91×10-3 μM for differential pulse voltammetry in Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 9.0. The linearity range of ephedrine in human urine was between 1.0 and 100 μM with a detection limit of 8.16 nM. CONCLUSION The recovery studies in both pharmaceutical dosage forms and urine showed that the proposed method ensured good selectivity, precision and accuracy without any interference from inactive excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ağın
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Ortahisar, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Öztürk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Ortahisar, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Ortahisar, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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A solid-state sensor based on poly(2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine) grafted with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide: Fabrication, characterization, kinetics and potential analysis on ephedrine. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chen X, Tang Y, Wang S, Song Y, Tang F, Wu X. Field-amplified sample injection in capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection for the ultratrace analysis of diastereomeric ephedrine alkaloids. Electrophoresis 2016; 36:1953-61. [PMID: 25873262 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A coupling method of field-amplified sample injection (FASI) CE with amperometric detection is developed for ultratrace analysis of ephedrine alkaloids stereoisomers. FASI was introduced by injecting electrokinetically the sample solution for 10 s into the capillary filled with highly conductive background electrolyte (BGE). The diastereomeric selectivity and the detection sensitivity were improved by using borate buffer of high ionic strength as BGE. Parameters affecting FASI and CE separation were investigated to achieve the optimal conditions. Four analytes were separated within 15 min using 200 mmol/L borate buffer (pH 9.5) and separation voltage of +18 kV, with detection potential at +1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and carbon disc electrode as working electrode. Excellent linearity was observed between peak current and concentration of analytes in the range of 0.1-100 ng/mL. The LODs (S/N = 3) for (-)-ephedrine, (+)-pseudoephedrine, (-)-N-methylephedrine and (+)-N-methylpseudoephedrine were 39.3, 54.9, 30.8, and 44.1 pg/mL, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of alkaloids in Ephedra sinica, with results agreed well with HPLC method. Mean recoveries of 102.1-109.7% and RSDs less than 6% were found. And the merits of high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as a simple and stable operation, have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Metrology Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Tang
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yunping Song
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Fengxiang Tang
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Ministry of Education and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
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