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Swaby S, Monzón D, Ureña N, Vivo Vilches J, Sanchez JY, Iojoiu C, Várez A, Pérez-Prior MT, Levenfeld B. Block Copolymer-Based Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:8966-8976. [PMID: 39144278 PMCID: PMC11320381 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Nonfluorinated polymers have been widely proposed to replace Nafion as raw materials for redox flow battery ion-exchange membranes. Hereby, block copolymers based on polysulfone (PSU) and polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) are synthesized and employed as precursors of membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries. A series of copolymers with varying molar proportions of PSU (75/25, 60/40, 50/50 mol %) were prepared. The 60/40 and 75/25 copolymers exhibit concentrated sulfonic groups predominantly in the PSU unit, favoring the formation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. The 50/50 copolymer presents a balanced degree of sulfonation between the two units, leading to a homogeneous distribution of sulfonic groups. An ex situ study of these materials comprising vanadium ion permeability and chemical and mechanical stability was performed. The best performance is achieved with 50/50 membranes, which exhibited performance comparable to commercial Nafion membranes. These results signify a promising breakthrough in the pursuit of high-performance, sustainable membranes for next-generation VRFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydonne Swaby
- Departamento
de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química,
IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Monzón
- Departamento
de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química,
IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Ureña
- Departamento
de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química,
IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Vivo Vilches
- Departamento
de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química,
IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean-Yves Sanchez
- Departamento
de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química,
IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- LEPMI, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS,
LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cristina Iojoiu
- LEPMI, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS,
LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alejandro Várez
- Departamento
de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química,
IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Pérez-Prior
- Departamento
de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química,
IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Levenfeld
- Departamento
de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química,
IAAB, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
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Düerkop D, Widdecke H, Schilde C, Kunz U, Schmiemann A. Polymer Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:214. [PMID: 33803681 PMCID: PMC8003036 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries such as the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) are a technical solution for storing fluctuating renewable energies on a large scale. The optimization of cells regarding performance, cycle stability as well as cost reduction are the main areas of research which aim to enable more environmentally friendly energy conversion, especially for stationary applications. As a critical component of the electrochemical cell, the membrane influences battery performance, cycle stability, initial investment and maintenance costs. This review provides an overview about flow-battery targeted membranes in the past years (1995-2020). More than 200 membrane samples are sorted into fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons or N-heterocycles according to the basic polymer used. Furthermore, the common description in membrane technology regarding the membrane structure is applied, whereby the samples are categorized as dense homogeneous, dense heterogeneous, symmetrical or asymmetrically porous. Moreover, these properties as well as the efficiencies achieved from VRFB cycling tests are discussed, e.g., membrane samples of fluoro-carbons, hydro-carbons and N-heterocycles as a function of current density. Membrane properties taken into consideration include membrane thickness, ion-exchange capacity, water uptake and vanadium-ion diffusion. The data on cycle stability and costs of commercial membranes, as well as membrane developments, are compared. Overall, this investigation shows that dense anion-exchange membranes (AEM) and N-heterocycle-based membranes, especially poly(benzimidazole) (PBI) membranes, are suitable for VRFB requiring low self-discharge. Symmetric and asymmetric porous membranes, as well as cation-exchange membranes (CEM) enable VRFB operation at high current densities. Amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEM) and dense heterogeneous CEM are the choice for operation mode with the highest energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Düerkop
- Institute of Recycling, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Robert-Koch-Platz 8a, 38440 Wolfsburg, Germany; (H.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Hartmut Widdecke
- Institute of Recycling, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Robert-Koch-Platz 8a, 38440 Wolfsburg, Germany; (H.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Carsten Schilde
- Institute of Particle Technology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Volkmaroder Straße 5, 38100 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Kunz
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 17, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany;
| | - Achim Schmiemann
- Institute of Recycling, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Robert-Koch-Platz 8a, 38440 Wolfsburg, Germany; (H.W.); (A.S.)
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A new long-side-chain sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) /polybenzimidazole (PBI) amphoteric membrane for vanadium redox flow battery. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone) based sulfonated molybdenum sulfide composite membranes and their applications in salt removal and alkali recovery. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang XB, Zhao L, Goh K, Sui XL, Meng LH, Wang ZB. A highly proton-/vanadium-selective perfluorosulfonic acid membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The polar clusters of Nafion are blocked by the incorporation of the nanohybrid, which contributes to suppress vanadium ions crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Lei Zhao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Kokswee Goh
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Xu-Lei Sui
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Ling-Hui Meng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
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Propylene carbonate-derived size modulation of water cluster in pore-filled Nafion/polypropylene composite membrane for the use in vanadium redox flow batteries. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sroczyński D, Malinowski Z. Spectroscopic investigations (FT-IR, UV, 1 H and 13 C NMR) and DFT/TD-DFT calculations of potential analgesic drug 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-6-methoxy-4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1(2 H )-phthalazinone. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ji Y, Tay ZY, Li SFY. Highly selective sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/titanium oxide composite membranes for vanadium redox flow batteries. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Effect of non-sulfonated diamine monomer on branched sulfonated polyimide membrane for vanadium redox flow battery application. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Beydaghi H, Javanbakht M, Salarizadeh P, Bagheri A, Amoozadeh A. Novel proton exchange membrane nanocomposites based on sulfonated tungsten trioxide for application in direct methanol fuel cells. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Li J, Liu S, He Z, Zhou Z. Semi-fluorinated sulfonated polyimide membranes with enhanced proton selectivity and stability for vanadium redox flow batteries. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Park SM, Kim H. Hybrid membranes with low permeability for vanadium redox flow batteries using in situ sol-gel process. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-015-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang H, Zhang S, Huang X. Sulfonated polyimide membranes with different non-sulfonated diamines for vanadium redox battery applications. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Huang X, Wang L. Novel sulfonated polyimide/ZrO2composite membrane as a separator of vanadium redox flow battery. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials, Ministry of Education; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 China
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Lee KJ, Chu YH. Graphene Oxide (GO) Layered Structure Ion Exchange Membrane Application for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRB) System Study. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.5229/jkes.2014.17.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SULFONATED POLY(ETER ETHER KETONE) MEMBRANES FOR VANADIUM REDOX FLOW BATTERY APPLICATION. ACTA POLYM SIN 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2013.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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