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Dehghani P, Karthikeyan V, Tajabadi A, Assi DS, Catchpole A, Wadsworth J, Leung HY, Roy VAL. Rapid Near-Patient Impedimetric Sensing Platform for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14580-14591. [PMID: 38560003 PMCID: PMC10976404 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
With the global escalation of concerns surrounding prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, reliance on the serologic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test remains the primary approach. However, the imperative for early PCa diagnosis necessitates more effective, accurate, and rapid diagnostic point-of-care (POC) devices to enhance the result reliability and minimize disease-related complications. Among POC approaches, electrochemical biosensors, known for their amenability and miniaturization capabilities, have emerged as promising candidates. In this study, we developed an impedimetric sensing platform to detect urinary zinc (UZn) in both artificial and clinical urine samples. Our approach lies in integrating label-free impedimetric sensing and the introduction of porosity through surface modification techniques. Leveraging a cellulose acetate/reduced graphene oxide composite, our sensor's recognition layer is engineered to exhibit enhanced porosity, critical for improving the sensitivity, capture, and interaction with UZn. The sensitivity is further amplified by incorporating zincon as an external dopant, establishing highly effective recognition sites. Our sensor demonstrates a limit of detection of 7.33 ng/mL in the 0.1-1000 ng/mL dynamic range, which aligns with the reference benchmark samples from clinical biochemistry. Our sensor results are comparable with the results of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) where a notable correlation of 0.991 is achieved. To validate our sensor in a real-life scenario, tests were performed on human urine samples from patients being investigated for prostate cancer. Testing clinical urine samples using our sensing platform and ICP-MS produced highly comparable results. A linear correlation with R2 = 0.964 with no significant difference between two groups (p-value = 0.936) was found, thus confirming the reliability of our sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Dehghani
- James
Watt School of Engineering, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | | | - Ataollah Tajabadi
- James
Watt School of Engineering, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Dani S. Assi
- James
Watt School of Engineering, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Anthony Catchpole
- Scottish
Trace Element and Micronutrient Diagnostic and Research Laboratory,
Department of Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, U.K.
| | - John Wadsworth
- Scottish
Trace Element and Micronutrient Diagnostic and Research Laboratory,
Department of Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, U.K.
| | - Hing Y. Leung
- Cancer
Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K.
- School
of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of
Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K.
| | - Vellaisamy A. L. Roy
- School
of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan
University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong
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2
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Vieira D, Allard J, Taylor K, Harvey EJ, Merle G. Zincon-Modified CNTs Electrochemical Tool for Salivary and Urinary Zinc Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4431. [PMID: 36558285 PMCID: PMC9784302 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the abnormal level of zinc emerged as a powerful indicator or risk factor for metabolic, endocrine, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, including cancer. Electrochemical detection has been explored to quantify zinc in a precise, rapid, and non-expensive way; however, most of the current electrochemical systems lack in specificity. In this work we studied a highly selective and sensitive electrochemical method to detect quickly and reliably free zinc ions (Zn2+). The surface of the working electrode was modified with zincon electropolymerized on carbon nanotube (CNT) to enable the binding of zinc in complex body fluids. After being physicochemically characterized, the performances of the zincon-CNT complex was electrochemically assessed. Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) was used to determine the calibration curve and the linear range of zinc quantification in artificial saliva and urine. This zincon- CNT system could specifically quantify mobile Zn2+ in salivary and urinary matrices with a sensitivity of ~100 ng·mL-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of ~20 ng·mL-1. Zincon-modified CNT presented as a desirable candidate for the detection and quantification of free zinc in easily body fluids that potentially can become a diagnostic non-invasive testing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vieira
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, A7-117, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jérôme Allard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, J.-A.-Bombardier Building, Office 2067, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Kathleen Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, J.-A.-Bombardier Building, Office 2067, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Edward J. Harvey
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, A7-117, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Geraldine Merle
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Avenue, A7-117, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, J.-A.-Bombardier Building, Office 2067, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
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3
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RasulKhan B, Ponnaiah SK, Balasubramanian J, Periakaruppan P. Novel Carbon Quantum Dotted Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Nano-molar Range Cadmium Quantification. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Saisree S, Aswathi R, Arya Nair JS, Sandhya KY. Radical sensitivity and selectivity in the electrochemical sensing of cadmium ions in water by polyaniline-derived nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03988h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the sensing capability of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) was explored for the first time toward hazardous heavy metal ions and they were found to be able to selectively detect cadmium ions (Cd(ii)).
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saisree
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala
- Thiruvananthapuram 695547
- India
| | - R. Aswathi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala
- Thiruvananthapuram 695547
- India
| | - J. S. Arya Nair
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala
- Thiruvananthapuram 695547
- India
| | - K. Y. Sandhya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Valiyamala
- Thiruvananthapuram 695547
- India
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5
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Zainal PNS, Alang Ahmad SA, Abdul Aziz SFN, Rosly NZ. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Occurrence, Electroanalysis, Challenges, and Future Outlooks. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:878-896. [PMID: 33155481 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1839736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The past several decades have seen increasing concern regarding the wide distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental matrices. Primary toxicological data show PAHs' persistent characteristics and possible toxicity effects. Because of this pressing global issue, electroanalytical methods have been introduced. These methods are effective for PAH determination in environmental waters, even outclassing sophisticated analytical techniques such as chromatography, conventional spectrophotometry, fluorescence, and capillary electrophoresis. Herein, the literature published on PAHs is reviewed and discussed with special regard to PAH occurrence. Moreover, the recent developments in electrochemical sensors for PAH determination and the challenges and future outlooks in this field, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Zida Rosly
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Dong Li, Luo HQ, Li NB. A Tin Film CMK-3 Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as an Environmentally Friendly Sensor to Detect Trace Cadmium. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820090099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Munawar H, Mankar JS, Sharma MD, Garcia-Cruz A, Fernandes LAL, Peacock M, Krupadam RJ. Highly selective electrochemical nanofilm sensor for detection of carcinogenic PAHs in environmental samples. Talanta 2020; 219:121273. [PMID: 32887163 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer film was devised for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in aquatic solutions. In this paper we report, electro-polymerisation of 4-vinyl pyridine (4VP) and target, pyrene, using cyclic voltammeter in electrolyte medium, forming the pyrene imprinted polymer. After polymerisation, the pyrene was removed from imprinted polymer using methanol to produce sensory nanofilm characterised by infrared spectrometer, optical and atomic force microscopy. The mechanism of nanofilm sensing was established using atomic models and electrochemical response by differential pulse voltammeter with the redox system of ([Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4-). The π-π interaction between pyrene and 4VP was primary cause for pyrene recognition in aqueous solutions and the model binding score for this interaction was -5.10 kcal mol-1. The electrochemical sensor determined pyrene in the concentration range of 1 × 10-4 - 1 ng L-1, resulting best linear regression (r2 > 0.9) and detection limit of 0.001 ng L-1. The recovery percentage of pyrene from the nanofilm was 83-110% in water samples and the imprinting factor value was 2.67. Therefore, the novel imprinted polymer nanofilm sensor showed highest sensitivity for target pyrene in aqueous samples compared to reported sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasim Munawar
- Indonesian Research Centre for Veterinary Sciences, IAARD-Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia.
| | - Juili S Mankar
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Madhu D Sharma
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Alvaro Garcia-Cruz
- Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Reddithota J Krupadam
- Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
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8
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Zdorovets MV, Korolkov IV, Yeszhanov AB, Gorin YG. Functionalization of PET Track-Etched Membranes by UV-Induced Graft (co)Polymerization for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111876. [PMID: 31766259 PMCID: PMC6918391 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, water quality monitoring is an essential task since environmental contamination and human exposure to heavy metals increased. Sensors that are able to detect ever lower concentrations of heavy metal ions with greater accuracy and speed are needed to effectively monitor water quality and prevent poisoning. This article shows studies of the modification of flexible track-etched membranes as the basis for the sensor with various polymers and their influence on the accuracy of detection of copper, cadmium, and lead ions in water. We report the UV-induced graft (co)polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VPy) on poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membrane (PET TeMs) and use them after platinum layer sputtering in square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV) for detection of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. Optimal conditions leading to functionalization of the surface and retention of the pore structure were found. Modified membranes were characterized by SEM, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and colorimetric analysis. The dependence of the modification method on the sensitivity of the sensor was shown. Membrane modified with polyacrylic acid (PET TeMs-g-PAA), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy), and their copolymer (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA) with average grafting yield of 3% have been found to be sensitive to µg/L concentration of copper, lead, and cadmium ions. Limits of detection (LOD) for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-PAA are 2.22, 1.05, and 2.53 µg/L for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, respectively. LODs for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-P4VPy are 5.23 µg/L (Cu2+), 1.78 µg/L (Pb2+), and 3.64 µg/L (Cd2+) µg/L. PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA electrodes are found to be sensitive with LODs of 0.74 µg/L(Cu2+), 1.13 µg/L (Pb2+), and 2.07 µg/L(Cd2+). Thus, it was shown that the modification of membranes by copolymers with carboxylic and amino groups leads to more accurate detection of heavy metal ions, associated with the formation of more stable complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Zdorovets
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.Y.); (Y.G.G.)
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Ural Federal University, Mira str. 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.V.Z.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Ilya V. Korolkov
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.Y.); (Y.G.G.)
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (M.V.Z.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Arman B. Yeszhanov
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.Y.); (Y.G.G.)
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Yevgeniy G. Gorin
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.Y.); (Y.G.G.)
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
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9
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Deshmukh MA, Shirsat MD, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A. Composites Based on Conducting Polymers and Carbon Nanomaterials for Heavy Metal Ion Sensing (Review). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:293-304. [PMID: 29309211 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1422966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Current review signifies recent trends and challenges in the development of electrochemical sensors based on organic conducting polymers (OCPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their composites for the determination of trace heavy metal ions in water are reviewed. OCPs and CNTs have some suitable properties, such as good electrical, mechanical, chemical and structural properties as well as environmental stability, etc. However, some of these materials still have significant limitations toward selective and sensitive detection of trace heavy metal ions. To overcome the limitations of these individual materials, OCPs/CNTs composites were developed. Application of OCPs/CNTs composite and their novel properties for the adsorption and detection of heavy metal ions outlined and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha A Deshmukh
- a RUSA-Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Physics , Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University , Aurangabad , MS , India.,b NanoTechnas - Centre of Nanotechnology and Material Science , Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Mahendra D Shirsat
- a RUSA-Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, Department of Physics , Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University , Aurangabad , MS , India
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- b NanoTechnas - Centre of Nanotechnology and Material Science , Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- b NanoTechnas - Centre of Nanotechnology and Material Science , Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania.,c Department of Physical Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University , Vilnius , Lithuania
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10
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David IG, Popa DE, Buleandra M. Pencil Graphite Electrodes: A Versatile Tool in Electroanalysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1905968. [PMID: 28255500 PMCID: PMC5307002 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1905968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their electrochemical and economical characteristics, pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) gained in recent years a large applicability to the analysis of various types of inorganic and organic compounds from very different matrices. The electrode material of this type of working electrodes is constituted by the well-known and easy commercially available graphite pencil leads. Thus, PGEs are cheap and user-friendly and can be employed as disposable electrodes avoiding the time-consuming step of solid electrodes surface cleaning between measurements. When compared to other working electrodes PGEs present lower background currents, higher sensitivity, good reproducibility, and an adjustable electroactive surface area, permitting the analysis of low concentrations and small sample volumes without any deposition/preconcentration step. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed overview of the PGEs characteristics, designs and applications of bare, and electrochemically pretreated and chemically modified PGEs along with the corresponding performance characteristics like linear range and detection limit. Techniques used for bare or modified PGEs surface characterization are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90–92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana-Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90–92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Panduri Av. 90–92, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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Adarakatti PS, Malingappa P. Amino-calixarene-modified graphitic carbon as a novel electrochemical interface for simultaneous measurement of lead and cadmium ions at picomolar level. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Sahani MK, Singh A, Jain A, Upadhyay A, Kumar A, Singh UP, Narang S. Fabrication of novel coated pyrolytic graphite electrodes for the selective nano-level monitoring of Cd2+ ions in biological and environmental samples using polymeric membrane of newly synthesized macrocycle. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 860:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Chronopotentiometric and electroanalytical studies of Ni(II) selective polyaniline Zr(IV) molybdophosphate ion exchange membrane electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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