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Makming P, Homnan S, Ngamjarurojana A, Rimjaem S, Gardchareon A, Sagawa T, Haruta M, Pakawatpanurut P, Wongratanaphisan D, Kanjanaboos P, Intaniwet A, Ruankham P. Efficient and Stable Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Mixed CuPc:CuSCN Hole Transporting Layer for Indoor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15486-15497. [PMID: 36939163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an innovative technology with great potential to offer cost-effective and high-performance devices for converting light into electricity that can be used for both outdoor and indoor applications. In this study, a novel hole-transporting layer (HTL) was created by mixing copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) molecules into a copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) film and was applied to carbon-based PSCs with cesium/formamidinium (Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3) as a photoabsorber. At the optimum concentration, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.01% was achieved under AM1.5G test conditions, and 32.1% PCE was acquired under low-light 1000 lux conditions. It was discovered that the mixed CuPc:CuSCN HTL helps reduce trap density and improve the perovskite/HTL interface as well as the HTL/carbon interface. Moreover, the PSCs based on the mixed CuPc:CuSCN HTL provided better stability over 1 year due to the hydrophobicity of CuPc material. In addition, thermal stability was tested at 85 °C and the devices achieved an average efficiency drop of approximately 50% of the initial PCE value after 1000 h. UV light stability was also examined, and the results revealed that the average efficiency drop of 40% of the initial value for 70 min of exposure was observed. The work presented here represents an important step toward the practical implementation of the PSC as it paves the way for the development of cost-effective, stable, yet high-performance PSCs for both outdoor and indoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapond Makming
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, San Sai District, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Saowalak Homnan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Athipong Ngamjarurojana
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakhorn Rimjaem
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Atcharawon Gardchareon
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Takashi Sagawa
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Haruta
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Pasit Pakawatpanurut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Akarin Intaniwet
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, San Sai District, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Pipat Ruankham
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Mohan L, Ratnasingham SR, Panidi J, Daboczi M, Kim JS, Anthopoulos TD, Briscoe J, McLachlan MA, Kreouzis T. Determining Out-of-Plane Hole Mobility in CuSCN via the Time-of-Flight Technique To Elucidate Its Function in Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38499-38507. [PMID: 34365787 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is a stable, low-cost, solution-processable p-type inorganic semiconductor used in numerous optoelectronic applications. Here, for the first time, we employ the time-of-flight (ToF) technique to measure the out-of-plane hole mobility of CuSCN films, enabled by the deposition of 4 μm-thick films using aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). A hole mobility of ∼10-3 cm2/V s was measured with a weak electric field dependence of 0.005 cm/V1/2. Additionally, by measuring several 1.5 μm CuSCN films, we show that the mobility is independent of thickness. To further validate the suitability of our AACVD-prepared 1.5 μm-thick CuSCN film in device applications, we demonstrate its incorporation as a hole transport layer (HTL) in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Our AACVD films result in devices with measured power conversion efficiencies of 10.4%, which compares favorably with devices prepared using spin-coated CuSCN HTLs (12.6%), despite the AACVD HTLs being an order of magnitude thicker than their spin-coated analogues. Improved reproducibility and decreased hysteresis were observed, owing to a combination of excellent film quality, high charge-carrier mobility, and favorable interface energetics. In addition to providing a fundamental insight into charge-carrier mobility in CuSCN, our work highlights the AACVD methodology as a scalable, versatile tool suitable for film deposition for use in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokeshwari Mohan
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Sinclair R Ratnasingham
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Julianna Panidi
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Matyas Daboczi
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joe Briscoe
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Martyn A McLachlan
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Theo Kreouzis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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Ramachandran K, Jeganathan C, Subbian K. One-step electrodeposition of CuSCN/CuI nanocomposite and its hole transport-ability in inverted planar perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:325402. [PMID: 33951622 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfe25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of CuSCN/CuI nanocomposite by single-step electrodeposition is developed. The surface morphology and film thickness are controlled by changing the electrochemical potential and deposition time. The mixed-phase formation of CuSCN/CuI is confirmed through x-ray diffraction and Raman spectral analysis. Nanopetal (NP) like morphology of CuSCN/CuI is observed in FESEM micrographs. Interestingly, the NPs density and thickness are increased with increasing the deposition potential and time. The device fabricated using CuSCN/CuI nanocomposite as a hole transport layer (HTL) which is grown for 2 min delivers the best photovoltaic performance. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 18.82% is observed for CuSCN/CuI NP with a density of 1153μm-2and thickness of 142 nm. The charge transfer ability of the CuSCN/CuI NP HTL is analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Based on the observation, moderate charge transport resistance and optimum film thickness are required for achieving maximum photovoltaic performance in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Thus, the developed CuSCN/CuI NP HTL is a potential candidate for PVSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karuppuchamy Subbian
- Department of Energy Science, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Heo DY, Do HH, Ahn SH, Kim SY. Metal-Organic Framework Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2061. [PMID: 32927727 PMCID: PMC7569814 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-derived materials have been used for several applications, such as hydrogen storage and separation, catalysis, and drug delivery, owing to them having a significantly large surface area and open pore structure. In recent years, MOFs have also been applied to thin-film solar cells, and attractive results have been obtained. In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the MOF materials are used in the form of an additive for electron and hole transport layers, interlayer, and hybrid perovskite/MOF. MOFs have the potential to be used as a material for obtaining PSCs with high efficiency and stability. In this study, we briefly explain the synthesis of MOFs and the performance of organic and dye-sensitized solar cells with MOFs. Furthermore, we provide a detailed overview on the performance of the most recently reported PSCs using MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Ha Huu Do
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Sang Hyun Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
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