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Rosa P, Scibetta S, Pepe G, Mangino G, Capocci L, Moons SJ, Boltje TJ, Fazi F, Petrozza V, Di Pardo A, Maglione V, Calogero A. Polysialic Acid Sustains the Hypoxia-Induced Migration and Undifferentiated State of Human Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179563. [PMID: 36076963 PMCID: PMC9455737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (GBM, CNS WHO grade 4) is the most aggressive form of glioma and is characterized by extensive hypoxic areas that strongly correlate with tumor malignancy. Hypoxia promotes several processes, including stemness, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and radio- and chemoresistance, that have direct impacts on treatment failure. Thus, there is still an increasing need to identify novel targets to limit GBM relapse. Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate composed of a linear polymer of α2,8-linked sialic acids, primarily attached to the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM). It is considered an oncodevelopmental antigen that is re-expressed in various tumors. High levels of PSA-NCAM are associated with high-grade and poorly differentiated tumors. Here, we investigated the effect of PSA inhibition in GBM cells under low oxygen concentrations. Our main results highlight the way in which hypoxia stimulates polysialylation in U87-MG cells and in a GBM primary culture. By lowering PSA levels with the sialic acid analog, F-NANA, we also inhibited GBM cell migration and interfered with their differentiation influenced by the hypoxic microenvironment. Our findings suggest that PSA may represent a possible molecular target for the development of alternative pharmacological strategies to manage a devastating tumor like GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rosa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia Scibetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pepe
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Luca Capocci
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sam J. Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Via A. Scarpa, 14-16, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- ICOT, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Via F. Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Alba Di Pardo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Polo Pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy
- ICOT, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Via F. Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
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2
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Wu Y, Hu Y, Tang L, Yin S, Lv L, Zhou P. Targeting CXCR4 to suppress glioma-initiating cells and chemoresistance in glioma. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1519-1529. [PMID: 35731168 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioma initiating cells (GICs), also known as glioma stem cells, display the capacity to recapitulate the functional diversity within the tumor. Despite the great progress achieved over the last decades, defining the key molecular regulators of GICs has represented a major obstacle in this field. In our study, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database illustrated a relationship between C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and the survival of glioma patients. Mechanistically, we further indicated that CXCR4 mediated the upregulation of Kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5), a zinc-finger-containing transcription factor, to facilitate the proliferation of GICs. What's more, CXCR4 also enhanced the chemoresistance through KLF5/Bcl2-like 12 (BCl2L12) in glioma. The elevated expression of KLF5 and BCL2L12 induced by CXCR4 was dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling. Importantly, combined application of temozolomide and a CXCR4 inhibitor efficiently reversed CXCR4 mediated drugs resistance and improved anticancer effects in vivo. Collectively, our findings confirmed that CXCR4 promoted GICs proliferation via the KLF5/BCL2L12 dependent pathway, which may enrich the understanding of GICs and help drive the design of efficacious therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Tang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Senlin Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peizhi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Xiao Z, Yang X, Liu Z, Shao Z, Song C, Zhang K, Wang X, Li Z. GASC1 promotes glioma progression by enhancing NOTCH1 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:310. [PMID: 33649841 PMCID: PMC7974312 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1 (GASC1) is involved in the progression of several types of cancer. However, whether GASC1 promotes glioma progression remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of GASC1 exposure on glioma tumorigenesis. The western blot demonstrated that grade III and IV glioma tissues exhibited a higher mRNA and protein expression of GASC1. Moreover, CD133+ U87 or U251 cells from magnetic cell separation exhibited a higher GASC1 expression. Invasion Transwell assay, clonogenic assay and wound healing assay have shown that GASC1 inhibition using a pharmacological inhibitor and specific short hairpin (sh)RNA suppressed the invasive, migratory and tumorsphere forming abilities of primary culture human glioma cells. Furthermore, GASC1‑knockdown decreased notch receptor (Notch) responsive protein hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 (Hes1) signaling. GASC1 inhibition reduced notch receptor 1 (NOTCH1) expression, and a NOTCH1 inhibitor enhanced the effects of GASC1 inhibition on the CD133+ U87 or U251 cell tumorsphere forming ability, while NOTCH1 overexpression abrogated these effects. In addition, the GASC1 inhibitor caffeic acid and/or the NOTCH1 inhibitor DAPT (a γ‑Secretase Inhibitor), efficiently suppressed the human glioma xenograft tumors. Thus, the present results demonstrated the importance of GASC1 in the progression of glioma and identified that GASC1 promotes glioma progression, at least in part, by enhancing NOTCH signaling, suggesting that GASC1/NOTCH1 signaling may be a potential therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Zebin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Chaojun Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Spine Tumor Center, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 210011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Urology, Carson International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Involvement of the Catecholamine Pathway in Glioblastoma Development. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030549. [PMID: 33806345 PMCID: PMC7998903 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). The standard of care improves the overall survival of patients only by a few months. Explorations of new therapeutic targets related to molecular properties of the tumor are under way. Even though neurotransmitters and their receptors normally function as mediators of interneuronal communication, growing data suggest that these molecules are also involved in modulating the development and growth of GBM by acting on neuronal and glioblastoma stem cells. In our previous DNA CpG methylation studies, gene ontology analyses revealed the involvement of the monoamine pathway in sequential GBM. In this follow-up study, we quantitated the expression levels of four selected catecholamine pathway markers (alpha 1D adrenergic receptor-ADRA1D; adrenergic beta receptor kinase 1 or G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-ADRBK1/GRK2; dopamine receptor D2-DRD2; and synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter-SLC18A2) by immunohistochemistry, and compared the histological scores with the methylation levels within the promoters + genes of these markers in 21 pairs of sequential GBM and in controls. Subsequently, we also determined the promoter and gene methylation levels of the same markers in an independent database cohort of sequential GBM pairs. These analyses revealed partial inverse correlations between the catecholamine protein expression and promoter + gene methylation levels, when the tumor and control samples were compared. However, we found no differences in the promoter + gene methylation levels of these markers in either our own or in the database primary-recurrent GBM pairs, despite the higher protein expression of all markers in the primary samples. This observation suggests that regulation of catecholamine expression is only partially related to CpG methylation within the promoter + gene regions, and additional mechanisms may also influence the expression of these markers in progressive GBM. These analyses underscore the involvement of certain catecholamine pathway markers in GBM development and suggest that these molecules mediating or modulating tumor growth merit further exploration.
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5
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Xu YJ, Liu PP, Ng SC, Teng ZQ, Liu CM. Regulatory networks between Polycomb complexes and non-coding RNAs in the central nervous system. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:327-336. [PMID: 31291646 PMCID: PMC7288736 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing has facilitated the identification of many types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in diverse cellular processes. NcRNAs as epigenetic mediators play key roles in neuronal development, maintenance, and dysfunction by controlling gene expression at multiple levels. NcRNAs may not only target specific DNA or RNA for gene silence but may also directly interact with chromatin-modifying proteins like Polycomb group (PcG) proteins to drive orchestrated transcriptional programs. Recent significant progress has been made in characterizing ncRNAs and PcG proteins involved in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation. More importantly, dysregulation of ncRNAs, PcG proteins, and interplay among them is closely associated with the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this review, we focus on the interplay between ncRNAs and PcG proteins in the CNS and highlight the functional roles of the partnership during neural development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shyh-Chang Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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6
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Silvia N, Dai G. CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS AS A MODEL FOR GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 13:152-159. [PMID: 32355905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly lethal and elusive cancer. While many in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to recapitulate the factors that contribute to its invasive behavior, they suffer from drawbacks related to genetic variability, expense and scope. Technologies utilizing human pluripotent stem cells can now generate organoids which can recapitulate the relative complexity the cytoarchitecture and microenvironment of human brain tissue. In conjunction with protocols which effectively induce GBM tumors within these "cerebral organoids", such approaches represent an unprecedented model to investigate GBM invasion and its effect on the brain ECM. This review focuses on methods of brain organoid development, protocols for inducing GBM, the relevant findings on invasion and microenvironmental changes, and discusses their limitations and potential future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Silvia
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Kim DC, Kim YZ. Analysis of microRNA expression in glial tumors by using a peptide nucleic acid-based microarray. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2019.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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8
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XIE HL, WU TT, XIE ZH, FAN JL, TONG CY. Quantitative Detection of PremicroRNA-21 Based on Chimeric Molecular Beacon. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Han J, Puri RK. Analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database identifies an inverse relationship between interleukin-13 receptor α1 and α2 gene expression and poor prognosis and drug resistance in subjects with glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:463-474. [PMID: 29168083 PMCID: PMC5805806 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. A variety of targeted agents are being tested in the clinic including cancer vaccines, immunotoxins, antibodies and T cell immunotherapy for GBM. We have previously reported that IL-13 receptor subunits α1 and α2 of IL-13R complex are overexpressed in GBM. We are investigating the significance of IL-13Rα1 and α2 expression in GBM tumors. In order to elucidate a possible relationship between IL-13Rα1 and α2 expression with severity and prognoses of subjects with GBM, we analyzed gene expression (by microarray) and clinical data available at the public The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (Currently known as Global Data Commons). More than 40% of GBM samples were highly positive for IL-13Rα2 mRNA (Log2 ≥ 2) while only less than 16% samples were highly positive for IL-13Rα1 mRNA. Subjects with high IL-13Rα1 and α2 mRNA expressing tumors were associated with a significantly lower survival rate irrespective of their treatment compared to subjects with IL-13Rα1 and α2 mRNA negative tumors. We further observed that IL-13Rα2 gene expression is associated with GBM resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. The expression of IL-13Rα2 gene did not seem to correlate with the expression of genes for other chains involved in the formation of IL-13R complex (IL-13Rα1 or IL-4Rα) in GBM. However, a positive correlation was observed between IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα1 gene expression. The microarray data of IL-13Rα2 gene expression was verified by RNA-Seq data. In depth analysis of TCGA data revealed that immunosuppressive genes (such as FMOD, CCL2, OSM, etc.) were highly expressed in IL-13Rα2 positive tumors, but not in IL-13Rα2 negative tumors. These results indicate a direct correlation between high level of IL-13R mRNA expression and poor patient prognosis and that immunosuppressive genes associated with IL-13Rα2 may play a role in tumor progression. These findings have important implications in understanding the role of IL-13R in the pathogenesis of GBM and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, WO Bldg. 71, Rm 5342, CBER/FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Tumor Vaccines and Biotechnology Branch, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, WO Bldg. 71, Rm 5342, CBER/FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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10
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Potential role of Shh-Gli1-BMI1 signaling pathway nexus in glioma chemoresistance. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15107-15114. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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11
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Pioglitazone Effect on Glioma Stem Cell Lines: Really a Promising Drug Therapy for Glioblastoma? PPAR Res 2016; 2016:7175067. [PMID: 27313600 PMCID: PMC4897721 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7175067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most frequent malignant brain tumors. Current therapies do not provide real solutions to this pathology. Their failure can be ascribed to a cell subpopulation with stem-like properties called glioma stem cells (GSCs). Therefore, new therapeutic strategies GSC-targeted are needed. PPARγ, a nuclear receptor involved in lipid metabolism, has already been indicated as a promising target for antineoplastic therapies. Recent studies have reported that synthetic PPARγ agonists, already in clinical use for the treatment of type II diabetes, exhibit antineoplastic effects in a wide range of malignant tumor cells, including glioma cells. We investigated the effect of the synthetic PPARγ agonist Pioglitazone on viability, proliferation, morphology, and differentiation in six GSC lines isolated from GBM patients. We also analyzed Pioglitazone-induced changes in transcriptional levels of Wnt/β catenin related genes. Results showed that response to Pioglitazone was heterogeneous inducing an evident decrease of cell viability and proliferation only in a subset of GSC lines. We did not find any sign of cell differentiation neither observing cell morphology nor analyzing the expression of stemness and differentiation markers. Moreover, Wnt/β signaling pathway was only mildly affected from a transcriptional point of view after Pioglitazone exposure.
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12
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van Scheppingen J, Iyer AM, Prabowo AS, Mühlebner A, Anink JJ, Scholl T, Feucht M, Jansen FE, Spliet WG, Krsek P, Zamecnik J, Buccoliero AM, Giordano F, Genitori L, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Jaworski J, Liszewska E, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Expression of microRNAs miR21, miR146a, and miR155 in tuberous sclerosis complex cortical tubers and their regulation in human astrocytes and SEGA-derived cell cultures. Glia 2016; 64:1066-82. [PMID: 27014996 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease presenting with multiple neurological symptoms including epilepsy, mental retardation, and autism. Abnormal activation of various inflammatory pathways has been observed in astrocytes in brain lesions associated with TSC. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response. To study the role of inflammation-related microRNAs in TSC, we employed real-time PCR and in situ hybridization to characterize the expression of miR21, miR146a, and miR155 in TSC lesions (cortical tubers and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, SEGAs). We observed an increased expression of miR21, miR146a, and miR155 in TSC tubers compared with control and perituberal brain tissue. Expression was localized in dysmorphic neurons, giant cells, and reactive astrocytes and positively correlated with IL-1β expression. In addition, cultured human astrocytes and SEGA-derived cell cultures were used to study the regulation of the expression of these miRNAs in response to the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and to evaluate the effects of overexpression or knockdown of miR21, miR146a, and miR155 on inflammatory signaling. IL-1β stimulation of cultured glial cells strongly induced intracellular miR21, miR146a, and miR155 expression, as well as miR146a extracellular release. IL-1β signaling was differentially modulated by overexpression of miR155 or miR146a, which resulted in pro- or anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. This study provides supportive evidence that inflammation-related microRNAs play a role in TSC. In particular, miR146a and miR155 appear to be key players in the regulation of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response, with miR146a as most interesting anti-inflammatory therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A S Prabowo
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P Krsek
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A M Buccoliero
- Pathology Unit, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L Genitori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - K Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Jozwiak
- Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Liszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
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13
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3-Bromopyruvate inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in CD133+ population in human glioma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3543-8. [PMID: 26453119 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the role of 3-bromopyruvate in inhibition of CD133+ U87 human glioma cell population growth. The results demonstrated that 3-bromopyruvate inhibited the viability of both CD133+ and parental cells derived from U87 human glioma cell line. However, the 3-bromopyruvate-induced inhibition in viability was more prominent in CD133+ cells at 10 μM concentration after 48 h. Treatment of CD133+ cells with 3-bromopyruvate caused reduction in cell population and cell size, membrane bubbling, and degradation of cell membranes. Hoechst 33258 staining showed condensation of chromatin material and fragmentation of DNA in treated CD133+ cells after 48 h. 3-Bromopyruvate inhibited the migration rate of CD133+ cells significantly compared to the parental cells. Flow cytometry revealed that exposure of CD133+ cells to 3-bromopyruvate increased the cell population in S phase from 24.5 to 37.9 % with increase in time from 12 to 48 h. In addition, 3-bromopyruvate significantly enhanced the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 in CD133+ cells compared to the parental cells. Therefore, 3-bromopyruvate is a potent chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of glioma by targeting stem cells selectively.
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Kast RE, Karpel-Massler G, Halatsch ME. CUSP9* treatment protocol for recurrent glioblastoma: aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, celecoxib, disulfiram, itraconazole, ritonavir, sertraline augmenting continuous low dose temozolomide. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8052-82. [PMID: 25211298 PMCID: PMC4226667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CUSP9 treatment protocol for recurrent glioblastoma was published one year ago. We now present a slight modification, designated CUSP9*. CUSP9* drugs--aprepitant, artesunate, auranofin, captopril, celecoxib, disulfiram, itraconazole, sertraline, ritonavir, are all widely approved by regulatory authorities, marketed for non-cancer indications. Each drug inhibits one or more important growth-enhancing pathways used by glioblastoma. By blocking survival paths, the aim is to render temozolomide, the current standard cytotoxic drug used in primary glioblastoma treatment, more effective. Although esthetically unpleasing to use so many drugs at once, the closely similar drugs of the original CUSP9 used together have been well-tolerated when given on a compassionate-use basis in the cases that have come to our attention so far. We expect similarly good tolerability for CUSP9*. The combined action of this suite of drugs blocks signaling at, or the activity of, AKT phosphorylation, aldehyde dehydrogenase, angiotensin converting enzyme, carbonic anhydrase -2,- 9, -12, cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, cathepsin B, Hedgehog, interleukin-6, 5-lipoxygenase, matrix metalloproteinase -2 and -9, mammalian target of rapamycin, neurokinin-1, p-gp efflux pump, thioredoxin reductase, tissue factor, 20 kDa translationally controlled tumor protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor. We believe that given the current prognosis after a glioblastoma has recurred, a trial of CUSP9* is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- University of Ulm, Department of Neurosurgery, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc-Eric Halatsch
- University of Ulm, Department of Neurosurgery, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Agarwal S, Lakoma A, Chen Z, Hicks J, Metelitsa LS, Kim ES, Shohet JM. G-CSF Promotes Neuroblastoma Tumorigenicity and Metastasis via STAT3-Dependent Cancer Stem Cell Activation. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2566-79. [PMID: 25908586 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression. A cancer stem cell (CSC)-like subpopulation in neuroblastoma is known to be marked by expression of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR). Here, we report on the mechanistic contributions of the G-CSFR in neuroblastoma CSCs. Specifically, we demonstrate that the receptor ligand G-CSF selectively activates STAT3 within neuroblastoma CSC subpopulations, promoting their expansion in vitro and in vivo. Exogenous G-CSF enhances tumor growth and metastasis in human xenograft and murine neuroblastoma tumor models. In response to G-CSF, STAT3 acts in a feed-forward loop to transcriptionally activate the G-CSFR and sustain neuroblastoma CSCs. Blockade of this G-CSF-STAT3 signaling loop with either anti-G-CSF antibody or STAT3 inhibitor depleted the CSC subpopulation within tumors, driving correlated tumor growth inhibition, decreased metastasis, and increased chemosensitivity. Taken together, our results define G-CSF as a CSC-activating factor in neuroblastoma, suggest a comprehensive reevaluation of the clinical use of G-CSF in these patients to support white blood cell counts, and suggest that direct targeting of the G-CSF-STAT3 signaling represents a novel therapeutic approach for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna Lakoma
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zaowen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Section of Pediatric Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eugene S Kim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jason M Shohet
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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16
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miR-30 overexpression promotes glioma stem cells by regulating Jak/STAT3 signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6805-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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17
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Dong L, Duan XC, Han CX, Zhang H, Wu Y. Suppression of wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 expression by small interfering RNA inhibits U251 glioma cell growth in vitro.. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:81-85. [PMID: 25435937 PMCID: PMC4246625 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (Wnt-1) RNA interference expression vector was constructed during the present study, which was used to transfect the glioma U251 cell line and investigate its effect on glioma. Two 21-base oligonucleotides complementary to the coding sequence that was flanking the loop sequence were designed to form a DNA hairpin template for the target small interfering RNA (siRNA). The siRNA templates were cloned into the siRNA expression vector, pGPU6/green fluorescent protein (GFP)/Neo and the sequence was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The pGPU6/GFP/Neo-short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-Wnt-1 vector was subsequently transfected into U251 cells, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to evaluate the Wnt-1 gene silencing effect on U251 cell growth by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The Wnt-1 protein expression was significantly reduced following transfection with the recombinant plasmid, as determined by western blot analysis of the transfected U251 cells. This transfection exhibited a significantly higher death rate, as shown by MTT. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-Wnt-1 vector inhibited Wnt-1 protein expression. However, further investigations regarding the Wnt signaling pathway in glioma pathogenesis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Chong-Xu Han
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Hengzhu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yongkang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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18
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Chen T, Yi L, Li F, Hu R, Hu S, Yin Y, Lan C, Li Z, Fu C, Cao L, Chen Z, Xian J, Feng H. Salinomycin inhibits the tumor growth of glioma stem cells by selectively suppressing glioma-initiating cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2407-12. [PMID: 25435259 PMCID: PMC4337630 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma‑initiating cells are a small population of cells that have the ability to undergo self‑renewal and initiate tumorigenesis. In the present study, the potential role of salinomycin, a polyether antibiotic, on the suppression of glioma cell growth was investigated. GL261 glioma cells were maintained in a stem‑cell‑like status [GL261 neurospheres (GL261‑NS)] or induced for differentiation [GL261 adherent cells (GL261‑AC)]. It was demonstrated that salinomycin significantly reduced the cell viability of GL261‑NS and GL261‑AC cells in a dose‑dependent manner, with a more substantial inhibition of GL261‑NS proliferation (P<0.05). The inhibitory effect of salinomycin on cell growth was more effective than that of 1‑(4‑amino‑2‑methyl‑5‑pyrimid l)‑methyl‑3‑(2‑chloroethyl)‑3‑nitrosourea hydrochloride and vincristine (P<0.05). Salinomycin depleted GL261‑NS from tumorspheres and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, salinomycin prolonged the median survival time of glioma‑bearing mice (P<0.05). Therefore, the present study indicated that salinomycin may preferentially inhibit glioma‑initiated cell growth by inducing apoptosis, suggesting that salinomycin may provide a valuable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Chuhua Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jishu Xian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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19
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Trépant AL, Bouchart C, Rorive S, Sauvage S, Decaestecker C, Demetter P, Salmon I. Identification of OLIG2 as the most specific glioblastoma stem cell marker starting from comparative analysis of data from similar DNA chip microarray platforms. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1943-53. [PMID: 25384509 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in surgical and adjuvant treatments, overall survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains poor. The cancer stem cell concept suggests that a rare stem cell population, called glioma stem cells (GSCs), has high ability to self-renewal leading to recurrence in GBM. The identification of specific markers of GSCs would provide a powerful tool to detect and to characterise them in order to develop targeted therapies. We carried out a comparative analysis based on the identification of inter-study concordances to identify the genes that exhibit at best differential levels of expression between GSC-enriched cell cultures and differentiated tumour cell cultures from independent studies using DNA chip microarray technologies. We finally studied the protein expression of the marker we considered the most specific by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative analysis on a retrospective series of 18 GBMs. Of the selected studies, 32 genes were retained. Among them, eight genes were identified to be overexpressed in GSC-enriched cultures compared to differentiated tumour cell cultures. Finally, among the eight genes, oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) was characterised by the most different expression level in the "GSC model" compared to the "differentiated tumour cells model". Our approach suggests that OLIG2 is the most specific GSC marker; additional investigations with careful considerations about methodology and strategies of validation are, however, mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Trépant
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Strong therapeutic potential of γ-secretase inhibitor MRK003 for CD44-high and CD133-low glioblastoma initiating cells. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:239-50. [PMID: 25293440 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signal regulates both cell viability and apoptosis, and maintains stemness of various cancers including glioblastoma (GBM). Although Notch signal inhibition may be an effective strategy in treating GBM initiating cells (GICs), its applicability to the different subtypes of GBM remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the effectiveness of MRK003, a preclinical γ-secretase inhibitor, on GICs. Nine patient-derived GICs were treated by MRK003, and its efficacy on cell viability, apoptosis, sphere forming ability and Akt expression level which might be related to Notch downstream and be greatly important signals in GBM was evaluated. MRK003 suppressed viability and sphere-formation ability, and induced apoptosis in all GICs in varying doses of MRK003. Based on their sensitivities to MRK003, the nine GICs were divided into "relatively sensitive" and "relatively resistant" GICs. Sensitivity to MRK003 was associated with its inhibitory effect on Akt pathway. Transgenic expression of the myristoylated Akt vector in relatively sensitive GICs partially rescued the effect of MRK003, suggesting that the effect of MRK003 was, at least in part, mediated through inhibition of the Akt pathway. These GICs were differentiated by the expression of CD44 and CD133 with flow cytometric analysis. The relatively sensitive GICs are CD44-high and CD133-low. The IC50 of MRK003 in a set of GICs exhibited a negative correlation with CD44 and positive correlation with CD133. Collectively, MRK003 is partially mediated by the Akt pathway and has strong therapeutic potential for CD44-high and CD133-low GICs.
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21
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Haghikia A, Hoch M, Stapel B, Hilfiker-Kleiner D. STAT3 regulation of and by microRNAs in development and disease. JAKSTAT 2014; 1:143-50. [PMID: 24058763 PMCID: PMC3670237 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.19573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs acting at the post-transcriptional level where they promote mRNA degradation and block protein translation. Recent findings suggest that complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional circuits control miRNAs. STAT3 has emerged as an important regulator of their expression and biogenesis and, in turn, STAT3 signaling pathways are controlled by distinct miRNAs. We summarize the current knowledge on STAT3 mediated processing of individual miRNAs and contrariwise, the modulation of the STAT3 pathway by miRNAs in development and in pathophysiological conditions such as immune processes, infection, cancer, cardiovascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology; Medical School Hannover; Hannover, Germany
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22
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Paul I, Bhattacharya S, Chatterjee A, Ghosh MK. Current Understanding on EGFR and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Glioma and Their Possible Crosstalk. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:427-46. [PMID: 24386505 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913503341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs) are extensively heterogeneous at both cellular and molecular levels. Current therapeutic strategies include targeting of key signaling molecules using pharmacological inhibitors in combination with genotoxic agents such as temozolomide. In spite of all efforts, the prognosis of glioma patients remains dismal. Therefore, a proper understanding of individual molecular pathways responsible for the progression of GBM is necessary. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is probably the most significant signaling pathway clinically implicated in glioma. Not surprisingly, anti-EGFR therapies mostly prevail for therapeutic purposes. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is well implicated in multiple tumors; however, its role in glioma has only recently started to emerge. We give a concise account of the current understanding of the role of both these pathways in glioma. Last, taking evidences from a limited literature, we outline a number of points where these pathways intersect each other and put forward the possibility of combinatorially targeting them for treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Paul
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Seemana Bhattacharya
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Chatterjee
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Mrinal K Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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23
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Jeon JH, Suh HN, Kim MO, Ryu JM, Han HJ. Glucosamine-induced OGT activation mediates glucose production through cleaved Notch1 and FoxO1, which coordinately contributed to the regulation of maintenance of self-renewal in mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2067-79. [PMID: 24730386 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the relationship between glucosamine and FoxO1/Notch in gluconeogenesis and maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) self-renewal. Glucosamine (GlcN) increased glucose production and gluconeogenic enzyme (G6Pase and PEPCK) expression. GlcN also increased the percentage of cells in S phase, number of cells, and the protein expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins that were blocked by 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (gluconeogenesis inhibitor) or glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 neutralizing antibody. GlcN increased the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)-dependent protein O-GlcNAc level. Moreover, inhibition of OGT (by ST045849) decreased glucose production. GlcN enhanced the expression of OGT-dependent O-GlcNAcylated Notch1 and then increased the translocation of cleaved Notch1 to the nucleus. Moreover, GlcN stimulated the translocation of O-GlcNAcylated FoxO1 to the nucleus. GlcN increased the binding between cleaved Notch1 and FoxO1 with CSL, a transcription factor, which was blocked by L-685,458 (γ-secretase inhibitor) or ST045849, respectively. Simultaneous blockage of cleaved Notch1 and FoxO1 also decreased the expression of G6Pase and PEPCK more significantly than that by inhibition of cleaved Notch1 alone or FoxO1 alone. In addition, GlcN maintained the undifferentiation status while depletion of Notch1 and FoxO1 for 3 days decreased Oct4 and SSEA-1 expression and alkaline phosphatase activity or increased the mRNA expression of GATA4, Tbx5, Cdx2, and Fgf5. In conclusion, GlcN-induced OGT activation mediated glucose production through cleaved Notch1 and FoxO1, which contributed to the regulation of maintenance of self-renewal in mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Pavon LF, Marti LC, Sibov TT, Malheiros SMF, Brandt RA, Cavalheiro S, Gamarra LF. In vitro Analysis of Neurospheres Derived from Glioblastoma Primary Culture: A Novel Methodology Paradigm. Front Neurol 2014; 4:214. [PMID: 24432012 PMCID: PMC3883037 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most lethal primary brain tumor that frequently relapse or progress as focal masses after radiation, suggesting that a fraction of tumor cells are responsible for the tumor regrowth. The identification of a brain tumor cell subpopulation with potent tumorigenic activity supports the cancer stem cell hypothesis in solid tumors. The goal of this study is to determine a methodology for the establishment of primary human glioblastoma cell lines. Our aim is achieved by taking the following approaches: (i) the establishment of primary glioblastoma cell culture; (ii) isolation of neurospheres derived from glioblastoma primary cultures; (iii) selection of CD133 cells from neurospheres, (iv) formation of subspheres in the CD133-positive population, (v) study of the expression level of GFAP, CD133, Nestin, Nanog, CD34, Sox2, CD44, and CD90 markers on tumor subspheres. Hence, we described a successful method for isolation of CD133-positive cell population and establishment of glioblastoma neurospheres from this primary culture, which are more robust than the ones derived straight from the tumor. Pointed out that the neurospheres derived from glioblastoma primary culture showed 29% more cells expressing CD133 then the ones straight tumor-derived, denoting a higher concentration of CD133-positive cells in the neurospheres derived from glioblastoma primary culture. These CD133-positive fractions were able to further generate subspheres. The subspheres derived from glioblastoma primary culture presented a well-defined morphology while the ones derived from the fresh tumor were sparce and less robust. And the negative fraction of CD133 cells was unable to generate subspheres. The tumor subspheres expressed GFAP, CD133, Nestin, Nanog, CD44, and CD90. Also, the present study describes an optimization of neurospheres/subspheres isolation from glioblastoma primary culture by selection of CD133-positive adherent stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Favaro Pavon
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Instituto do Cérebro (InCe) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luciana C Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Programa de Imunopatologia e Alergia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tais Sibov
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Instituto do Cérebro (InCe) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Suzana M F Malheiros
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Centro de Neuro-Oncologia , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Lionel F Gamarra
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universiade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Instituto do Cérebro (InCe) , São Paulo , Brazil ; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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25
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Cattaneo M, Baronchelli S, Schiffer D, Mellai M, Caldera V, Saccani GJ, Dalpra L, Daga A, Orlandi R, DeBlasio P, Biunno I. Down-modulation of SEL1L, an unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation protein, sensitizes glioma stem cells to the cytotoxic effect of valproic acid. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2826-38. [PMID: 24311781 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.527754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), an histone deacetylase inhibitor, is emerging as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatments of gliomas by virtue of its ability to reactivate the expression of epigenetically silenced genes. VPA induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive pathway displaying a dichotomic yin yang characteristic; it initially contributes in safeguarding the malignant cell survival, whereas long-lasting activation favors a proapoptotic response. By triggering UPR, VPA might tip the balance between cellular adaptation and programmed cell death via the deregulation of protein homeostasis and induction of proteotoxicity. Here we aimed to investigate the impact of proteostasis on glioma stem cells (GSC) using VPA treatment combined with subversion of SEL1L, a crucial protein involved in homeostatic pathways, cancer aggressiveness, and stem cell state maintenance. We investigated the global expression of GSC lines untreated and treated with VPA, SEL1L interference, and GSC line response to VPA treatment by analyzing cell viability via MTT assay, neurosphere formation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress/UPR-responsive proteins. Moreover, SEL1L immunohistochemistry was performed on primary glial tumors. The results show that (i) VPA affects GSC lines viability and anchorage-dependent growth by inducing differentiative programs and cell cycle progression, (ii) SEL1L down-modulation synergy enhances VPA cytotoxic effects by influencing GSCs proliferation and self-renewal properties, and (iii) SEL1L expression is indicative of glioma proliferation rate, malignancy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress statuses. Targeting the proteostasis network in association to VPA treatment may provide an alternative approach to deplete GSC and improve glioma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cattaneo
- From the Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
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26
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Pavon LF, Marti LC, Sibov TT, Miyaki LAM, Malheiros SMF, Mamani JB, Brandt RA, Ribas GC, Pagura JR, Joaquim MAS, Feres Junior H, Gamarra LF. Isolation, cultivation and characterization of CD133+ stem cells from human glioblastoma. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2013; 10:197-202. [PMID: 23052455 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082012000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the method of isolation and culture of human glioblastoma neurospheres, and the purification of their stem cells, followed by the process of obtaining tumor subspheres, immunophenotypically characterizing this clonogenic set. METHODS Through the processing of glioblastoma samples (n=3), the following strategy of action was adopted: (i) establish primary culture of glioblastoma; (ii) isolation and culture of tumor neurospheres; (iii) purify cells that initiate tumors (CD133+) by magnetic separation system (MACS); (iv) obtain tumor subspheres; (v) study the expression of the markers nestin, CD133, and GFAP. RESULTS The study successfully described the process of isolation and culture of glioblastoma subspheres, which consist of a number of clonogenic cells immunophenotypically characterized as neural, which are able to initiate tumor formation. CONCLUSION These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the process of gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Favaro Pavon
- Instituto do Cérebro, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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27
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Zhao L, Ma S, Liu Q, Liang P. Clinical implications of Girdin protein expression in glioma. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:986073. [PMID: 24288520 PMCID: PMC3826315 DOI: 10.1155/2013/986073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression status of Girdin in glioma and the relationship between Girdin expression and the biological behavior of glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression status of Girdin in glioma from 560 cases was evaluated by RT-PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between Girdin expression and clinic-pathological parameters as well as prognosis was also studied. RESULTS The expression of Girdin in high grade glioma was significantly higher than low grade glioma. After universal analysis, the expression of Girdin protein is closely related to KPS score, extent of resection, Ki67 and WHO grade, but it was not related to sex and age. Finally, extent of resection, Ki67 and WHO grade were indentified to be related to the Girdin protein expression in logistic regression. Interestingly, we found that the expression of Girdin is significantly related to the distant metastasis of glioma. After COX regression analysis, KPS score, Extent of resection, Ki67, WHO grade as well as Girdin were observed to be independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Girdin is differential expressed in the glioma patients and closely related to the biological behavior of Glioma. Finally, Girdin was found to be a strong predictor for the post-operative prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Shuyin Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
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Brown CE, Warden CD, Starr R, Deng X, Badie B, Yuan YC, Forman SJ, Barish ME. Glioma IL13Rα2 is associated with mesenchymal signature gene expression and poor patient prognosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77769. [PMID: 24204956 PMCID: PMC3800130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for successful immunotherapy against glioma is the identification and characterization of validated targets. We have taken a bioinformatics approach towards understanding the biological context of IL-13 receptor α2 (IL13Rα2) expression in brain tumors, and its functional significance for patient survival. Querying multiple gene expression databases, we show that IL13Rα2 expression increases with glioma malignancy grade, and expression for high-grade tumors is bimodal, with approximately 58% of WHO grade IV gliomas over-expressing this receptor. By several measures, IL13Rα2 expression in patient samples and low-passage primary glioma lines most consistently correlates with the expression of signature genes defining mesenchymal subclass tumors and negatively correlates with proneural signature genes as defined by two studies. Positive associations were also noted with proliferative signature genes, whereas no consistent associations were found with either classical or neural signature genes. Probing the potential functional consequences of this mesenchymal association through IPA analysis suggests that IL13Rα2 expression is associated with activation of proinflammatory and immune pathways characteristic of mesenchymal subclass tumors. In addition, survival analyses indicate that IL13Rα2 over-expression is associated with poor patient prognosis, a single gene correlation ranking IL13Rα2 in the top ~1% of total gene expression probes with regard to survival association with WHO IV gliomas. This study better defines the functional consequences of IL13Rα2 expression by demonstrating association with mesenchymal signature gene expression and poor patient prognosis. It thus highlights the utility of IL13Rα2 as a therapeutic target, and helps define patient populations most likely to respond to immunotherapy in present and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Brown
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy & Tumor Immunology and Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles D. Warden
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Renate Starr
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy & Tumor Immunology and Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Xutao Deng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Behnam Badie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Forman
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy & Tumor Immunology and Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Barish
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States of America
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Abstract
Background: Glioma stem-like cell (GSC) properties are responsible for gliomagenesis and recurrence. GSCs are invasive but its mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we attempted to identify the molecules that promote invasion in GSCs. Methods: Neurospheres and CD133+ cells were collected from glioblastoma (GBM) specimens and glioma cell lines by sphere-formation method and magnetic affinity cell sorting, respectively. Differential expression of gene candidates, its role in invasion and its signaling pathway were evaluated in glioma cell lines. Results: Neurospheres from surgical specimens attached to fibronectin and laminin, the receptors of which belong to the integrin family. Integrin α3 was overexpressed in CD133+ cells compared with CD133− cells in all the glioma cell lines (4 out of 4). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the localisation of integrin α3 in GBM cells, including invading cells, and in the tumour cells around the vessels, which is believed to be a stem cell niche. The expression of integrin α3 was correlated with migration and invasion. The invasion activity of glioma cells was linked to the phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Conclusion: Our results suggest that integrin α3 contributes to the invasive nature of GSCs via ERK1/2, which renders integrin α3 a prime candidate for anti-invasion therapy for GBM.
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Stine RR, Matunis EL. JAK-STAT signaling in stem cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 786:247-67. [PMID: 23696361 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6621-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are essential for the regeneration and repair of tissues in an organism. Signals from many different pathways converge to regulate stem cell maintenance and differentiation while preventing overproliferation. Although each population of adult stem cells is unique, common themes arise by comparing the regulation of various stem cell types in an organism or by comparing similar stem cell types across species. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway, identified nearly two decades ago, is now known to be involved in many biological processes including the regulation of stem cells. Studies in Drosophila first implicated JAK-STAT signaling in the control of stem cell maintenance in the male germline stem cell microenvironment, or niche; subsequently it has been shown play a role in other niches in both Drosophila and mammals. In this chapter, we will address the role of JAK-STAT signaling in stem cells in the germline, intestinal, hematopoietic and neuronal niches in Drosophila as well as the hematopoietic and neuronal niches in mammals. We will comment on how the study of JAK-STAT signaling in invertebrate systems has helped to advance our understanding of signaling in vertebrates. In addition to the role of JAK- STAT signaling in stem cell niche homeostasis, we will also discuss the diseases, including cancers, that can arise when this pathway is misregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Stine
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
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Kushchayev SV, Kushchayeva YS, Wiener PC, Scheck AC, Badie B, Preul MC. Monocyte-derived cells of the brain and malignant gliomas: the double face of Janus. World Neurosurg 2012. [PMID: 23178919 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monocyte-derived cells of the brain (MDCB) are a diverse group of functional immune cells that are also highly abundant in gliomas. There is growing evidence that MDCB play essential roles in the pathogenesis of gliomas. The aim of this review was to collate and systematize contemporary knowledge about these cells as they relate to glioma progression and antiglioblastoma therapeutic modalities with a view toward improved effectiveness of therapy. METHODS We reviewed relevant studies to construct a summary of different MDCB subpopulations in steady state and in malignant gliomas and discuss their role in the development of malignant gliomas and potential future therapies. RESULTS Current studies suggest that MDCB subsets display different phenotypes and differentiation potentials depending on their milieu in the brain and exposure to tumoral influences. MDCB possess specific and unique functions, including those that are protumoral and those that are antitumoral. CONCLUSIONS Elucidating the role of mononuclear-derived cells associated with gliomas is crucial in designing novel immunotherapy strategies. Much progress is needed to characterize markers to identify cell subsets and their specific regulatory roles. Investigation of MDCB can be clinically relevant. Specific MDCB populations potentially can be used for glioma therapy as a target or as cell vehicles that might deliver cytotoxic substances or processes to the glioma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy V Kushchayev
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Yevgeniya S Kushchayeva
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; Department of Surgery, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Philip C Wiener
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Adrienne C Scheck
- Neuro-oncology Research Laboratory, Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Mark C Preul
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
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Grosse-Gehling P, Fargeas CA, Dittfeld C, Garbe Y, Alison MR, Corbeil D, Kunz-Schughart LA. CD133 as a biomarker for putative cancer stem cells in solid tumours: limitations, problems and challenges. J Pathol 2012; 229:355-78. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grosse-Gehling
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Claudia Dittfeld
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Yvette Garbe
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Malcolm R Alison
- Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; London; UK
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
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Verreault M, Delattre JY, Idbaih A. Les tumeurs gliales diffuses de l’adulte. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:813-6. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20122810005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Ma X, Yoshimoto K, Guan Y, Hata N, Mizoguchi M, Sagata N, Murata H, Kuga D, Amano T, Nakamizo A, Sasaki T. Associations between microRNA expression and mesenchymal marker gene expression in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:1153-62. [PMID: 22844109 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The subclassification of glioblastoma (GBM) into clinically relevant subtypes using microRNA (miRNA)- and messenger RNA (mRNA)-based integrated analysis has been attempted. Because miRNAs regulate multiple gene-signaling pathways, understanding miRNA-mRNA interactions is a prerequisite for understanding glioma biology. However, such associations have not been thoroughly examined using high-throughput integrated analysis. To identify significant miRNA-mRNA correlations, we selected and quantified signature miRNAs and mRNAs in 82 gliomas (grade II: 14, III: 16, IV: 52) using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Quantitative expression data were integrated into a single analysis platform that evaluated the expression relationship between miRNAs and mRNAs. The 21 miRNAs include miR-15b, -21, -34a, -105, -124a, -128a, -135b, -184, -196a-b, -200a-c, -203, -302a-d, -363, -367, and -504. In addition, we examined 23 genes, including proneural markers (DLL3, BCAN, and OLIG2), mesenchymal markers (YKL-40, CD44, and Vimentin), cancer stem cell-related markers, and receptor tyrosine kinase genes. Primary GBM was characterized exclusively by upregulation of mesenchymal markers, whereas secondary GBM was characterized by significant downregulation of mesenchymal markers, miR-21, and -34a, and by upregulation of proneural markers and miR-504. Statistical analysis showed that expression of miR-128a, -504, -124a, and -184 each negatively correlated with the expression of mesenchymal markers in GBM. Our functional analysis of miR-128a and -504 as inhibitors demonstrated that suppression of miR-128a and -504 increased the expression of mesenchymal markers in glioblastoma cell lines. Mesenchymal signaling in GBM may be negatively regulated by miR-128a and -504.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hu B, Nandhu MS, Sim H, Agudelo-Garcia PA, Saldivar JC, Dolan CE, Mora ME, Nuovo GJ, Cole SE, Viapiano MS. Fibulin-3 promotes glioma growth and resistance through a novel paracrine regulation of Notch signaling. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3873-85. [PMID: 22665268 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are highly invasive and chemoresistant brain tumors with extremely poor prognosis. Targeting of the soluble factors that trigger invasion and resistance, therefore, could have a significant impact against the infiltrative glioma cells that are a major source of recurrence. Fibulin-3 is a matrix protein that is absent in normal brain but upregulated in gliomas and promotes tumor invasion by unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that fibulin-3 is a novel soluble activator of Notch signaling that antagonizes DLL3, an autocrine inhibitor or Notch, and promotes tumor cell survival and invasion in a Notch-dependent manner. Using a strategy for inducible knockdown, we found that controlled downregulation of fibulin-3 reduced Notch signaling and led to increased apoptosis, reduced self-renewal of glioblastoma-initiating cells, and impaired growth and dispersion of intracranial tumors. In addition, fibulin-3 expression correlated with expression levels of Notch-dependent genes and was a marker of Notch activation in patient-derived glioma samples. These findings underscore a major role for the tumor extracellular matrix in regulating glioma invasion and resistance to apoptosis via activation of the key Notch pathway. More importantly, this work describes a noncanonical, soluble activator of Notch in a cancer model and shows how Notch signaling can be reduced by targeting tumor-specific accessible molecules in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Dardinger Center for Neuro-Oncology and Neurosciences, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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von dem Knesebeck A, Felsberg J, Waha A, Hartmann W, Scheffler B, Glas M, Hammes J, Mikeska T, Yan PS, Endl E, Simon M, Reifenberger G, Pietsch T, Waha A. RANK (TNFRSF11A) is epigenetically inactivated and induces apoptosis in gliomas. Neoplasia 2012; 14:526-34. [PMID: 22787434 PMCID: PMC3394195 DOI: 10.1596/neo.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of DNA methylation play an important role in gliomas. In a genome-wide screen, we identified a CpG-rich fragment within the 5' region of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11A gene (TNFRSF11A) that showed de novo methylation in gliomas. TNFRSF11A, also known as receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), activates several signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, JNK, ERK, p38α, and Akt/PKB. Using pyrosequencing, we detected RANK/TNFRSF11A promoter methylation in 8 (57.1%) of 14 diffuse astrocytomas, 17 (77.3%) of 22 anaplastic astrocytomas, 101 (84.2%) of 120 glioblastomas, 6 (100%) of 6 glioma cell lines, and 7 (100%) of 7 glioma stem cell-enriched glioblastoma primary cultures but not in four normal white matter tissue samples. Treatment of glioma cell lines with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine significantly reduced the methylation level and resulted in increased RANK/TNFRSF11A mRNA expression. Overexpression of RANK/TNFRSF11A in glioblastoma cell lines leads to a significant reduction in focus formation and elevated apoptotic activity after flow cytometric analysis. Reporter assay studies of transfected glioma cells supported these results by showing the activation of signaling pathways associated with regulation of apoptosis. We conclude that RANK/TNFRSF11A is a novel and frequent target for de novo methylation in gliomas, which affects apoptotic activity and focus formation thereby contributing to the molecular pathogenesis of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Felsberg
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anke Waha
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Björn Scheffler
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Glas
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Neurooncology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hammes
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Mikeska
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pearlly S Yan
- Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Elmar Endl
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Waha
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Ohka F, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T. Current trends in targeted therapies for glioblastoma multiforme. Neurol Res Int 2012; 2012:878425. [PMID: 22530127 PMCID: PMC3317017 DOI: 10.1155/2012/878425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most frequently occurring tumors in the central nervous system and the most malignant tumor among gliomas. Despite aggressive treatment including surgery, adjuvant TMZ-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, GBM still has a dismal prognosis: the median survival is 14.6 months from diagnosis. To date, many studies report several determinants of resistance to this aggressive therapy: (1) O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), (2) the complexity of several altered signaling pathways in GBM, (3) the existence of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), and (4) the blood-brain barrier. Many studies aim to overcome these determinants of resistance to conventional therapy by using various approaches to improve the dismal prognosis of GBM such as modifying TMZ administration and combining TMZ with other agents, developing novel molecular-targeting agents, and novel strategies targeting GSCs. In this paper, we review up-to-date clinical trials of GBM treatments in order to overcome these 4 hurdles and to aim at more therapeutical effect than conventional therapies that are ongoing or are about to launch in clinical settings and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiharu Ohka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Wang L, Liu Z, Balivada S, Shrestha T, Bossmann S, Pyle M, Pappan L, Shi J, Troyer D. Interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β cooperate to induce neurosphere formation and increase tumorigenicity of adherent LN-229 glioma cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:5. [PMID: 22330721 PMCID: PMC3340549 DOI: 10.1186/scrt96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have the property of self-renewal and appear to be a driving force for the initiation and recurrence of gliomas. We recently found that the human tumorigenic LN-229 glioma cell line failed to form neurospheres in serum-free conditions and generated mostly small tumors in vivo, suggesting that either LN-229 GSCs are not active in these conditions or GSCs are absent in the LN-229 cell line. METHODS Using self-renewal assay, soft-agar colony assay, cell proliferation assay, invasion assay, real time PCR analysis, ELISA and in vivo tumorigenic assay, we investigated the effects of interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β on the development of GSCs from LN-229 cells. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that the combination of IL-1β and TGF-β can induce LN-229 cells to form neurospheres in serum-free medium. IL-1β/TGF-β-induced neurospheres display up-regulated expression of stemness factor genes (nestin, Bmi-1, Notch-2 and LIF), and increased invasiveness, drug resistance and tumor growth in vivo: hallmarks of GSCs. These results indicate that IL-1β and TGF-β cooperate to induce a GSC phenotype in the LN-229 cell line. Induction of nestin, LIF and Notch-2 by IL-1β/TGF-β can be reverted after cytokine withdrawal. Remarkably, however, up-regulated Bmi-1 levels remained unchanged after cytokine withdrawal; and the cytokine-withdrawn cells maintained strong clonogenicity, suggesting that Bmi-1 may play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our finding indicates that glioma cells without self-renewal capability in standard conditions could also contribute to glioma malignancy when cytokines, such as IL-1β and TGF-β, are present in the tumor environment. Targeting GSC-promoting cytokines that are highly expressed in glioblastomas may contribute to the development of more effective glioma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Persano L, Rampazzo E, Della Puppa A, Pistollato F, Basso G. The three-layer concentric model of glioblastoma: cancer stem cells, microenvironmental regulation, and therapeutic implications. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11:1829-41. [PMID: 22125441 PMCID: PMC3217608 DOI: 10.1100/2011/736480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors arising in the central nervous system are thought to
originate from a sub-population of cells named cancer stem cells
(CSCs) or tumor initiating cells (TICs) that possess an immature
phenotype, combined with self-renewal and chemotherapy resistance
capacity. Moreover, in the last years, these cells have been
identified in particular brain tumor niches fundamental for
supporting their characteristics. In this paper, we report studies
from many authors demonstrating that hypoxia or the so called
“hypoxic niche” plays a crucial role in controlling CSC molecular
and phenotypic profile. We recently investigated the relationship
existing between Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells and their niche,
defining the theory of three-concentric layers model for GBM mass.
According to this model, GBM stem cells reside preferentially
within the hypoxic core of the tumour mass, while more
differentiated cells are mainly localized along the peripheral and
vascularized part of the tumour. This GBM model provides
explanation of the effects mediated by the tumour microenvironment
on the phenotypic and molecular regulation of GBM stem cells,
describing their spatial distribution in the tumor bulk. Moreover,
we discuss the possible clinical implications of the creation of
this model for future GBM patient management and novel therapeutic
strategies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Persano
- Oncohematology Laboratory, Department of Paediatrics, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, Padova 35128, Italy.
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Expression of stem cell marker and receptor kinase genes in glioblastoma tissue quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Brain Tumor Pathol 2011; 28:291-6. [PMID: 21691733 PMCID: PMC3196642 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-011-0046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is dependent on a specific signaling pathway to maintain its tumor phenotype. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family mediates the multiple oncogenic growth factor receptor signaling and contributes to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Recently, many studies have shown that the expression of stem cell marker in glioblastoma tissue has prognostic significance, which indicates that the quantification of stem cell markers and RTK genes yields biological information about glioblastoma. In this study, we quantified RNA expression levels of stem cell markers [CD133, Nestin, BMI-1, maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK), and Notch1-4] as well as RTKs (EGFR, ErbB4, VEGFR1-3, FGFR1, -2, PDGFRΑ, and PDGFRΒ) in 42 clinical samples of glioblastoma by the real-time RT-PCR method. We demonstrated that the expression of MELK is exclusively upregulated in glioblastoma tissue. Notch receptor expression is moderately upregulated and is correlated with that of VEGFR2, VEGFR3, and PDGFRβ. Unsupervised clustering identified one unique sample group that showed high expression of most of the genes analyzed. Our results suggest that quantification of these stem cell markers and RTK genes can stratify patients based on the expression profile, which might provide insight into the glioma biology in each cluster.
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