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Weber-Levine C, Rakovec M, Jiang K, Kalluri A, Raj D, Parker M, Materi J, Sepehri S, Ferrés A, Schreck KC, Aldecoa I, Lucas CHG, Redmond KJ, Holdhoff M, Sair HI, Weingart JD, Brem H, González Sánchez J, Ye X, Bettegowda C, Rincon-Torroella J. Genomic Alterations in Molecularly Defined Oligodendrogliomas. Neurosurgery 2024:00006123-990000000-01284. [PMID: 39007559 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oligodendrogliomas are defined by IDH1/2 mutation and codeletion of chromosome arms 1p/19q. Although previous studies identified CIC, FUBP1, and TERTp as frequently altered in oligodendrogliomas, the clinical relevance of these molecular signatures is unclear. Moreover, previous studies predominantly used research panels that are not readily available to providers and patients. Accordingly, we explore genomic alterations in molecularly defined oligodendrogliomas using clinically standardized next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels. METHODS A retrospective single-center study evaluated adults with pathologically confirmed IDH-mutant, 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas diagnosed between 2005 and 2021. Genetic data from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens were analyzed with the NGS Solid Tumor Panel at the Johns Hopkins Medical Laboratories, which tests more than 400 cancer-related genes. Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests compared progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival by variant status. χ2 tests, t-tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare clinical characteristics between genomic variant status in the 10 most frequently altered genes. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-seven patients with molecularly defined oligodendrogliomas were identified, of which 95 patients had available NGS reports. Ten genes had 9 or more patients with a genomic alteration, with CIC, FUBP1, and TERTp being the most frequently altered genes (n = 60, 23, and 22, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that most genes were not associated with differences in PFS or overall survival. At earlier time points (PFS <100 months), CIC alterations conferred a reduction in PFS in patients (P = .038). CONCLUSION Our study confirms the elevated frequency of CIC, FUBP1, and TERTp alterations in molecularly defined oligodendrogliomas and suggests a potential relationship of CIC alteration to PFS at earlier time points. Understanding these genomic variants may inform prognosis or therapeutic recommendations as NGS becomes routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Weber-Levine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen Rakovec
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anita Kalluri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Divyaansh Raj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Megan Parker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Materi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sadra Sepehri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abel Ferrés
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karisa C Schreck
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank Hospital Clinic Barcelona-FCRB/IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Calixto-Hope G Lucas
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthias Holdhoff
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haris I Sair
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon D Weingart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josep González Sánchez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaobu Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordina Rincon-Torroella
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncological Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Programa de Doctorat de Medicina i Recerca Translacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Li S, Wang C, Chen J, Lan Y, Zhang W, Kang Z, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Yu J, Li W. Signaling pathways in brain tumors and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:8. [PMID: 36596785 PMCID: PMC9810702 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, although rare, contribute to distinct mortality and morbidity at all ages. Although there are few therapeutic options for brain tumors, enhanced biological understanding and unexampled innovations in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have considerably improved patients' prognoses. Nonetheless, the reduced response rates and unavoidable drug resistance of currently available treatment approaches have become a barrier to further improvement in brain tumor (glioma, meningioma, CNS germ cell tumors, and CNS lymphoma) treatment. Previous literature data revealed that several different signaling pathways are dysregulated in brain tumor. Importantly, a better understanding of targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of brain tumor cells might open the way for the development of novel targeted therapies. Thus, there is an urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of these brain tumors, which might result in greater progress in therapeutic approaches. This paper began with a brief description of the epidemiology, incidence, risk factors, as well as survival of brain tumors. Next, the major signaling pathways underlying these brain tumors' pathogenesis and current progress in therapies, including clinical trials, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and system therapies, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Finally, future perspective and challenges of development of novel therapeutic strategies in brain tumor were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyi Chen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjie Lan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichunbai Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Seim I, Jeffery PL, Thomas PB, Nelson CC, Chopin LK. Whole-Genome Sequence of the Metastatic PC3 and LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:1731-1741. [PMID: 28413162 PMCID: PMC5473753 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.039909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bone metastasis-derived PC3 and the lymph node metastasis-derived LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines are widely studied, having been described in thousands of publications over the last four decades. Here, we report short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and de novo assembly of PC3 (ATCC CRL-1435) and LNCaP (clone FGC; ATCC CRL-1740) at ∼70 × coverage. A known homozygous mutation in TP53 and homozygous loss of PTEN were robustly identified in the PC3 cell line, whereas the LNCaP cell line exhibited a larger number of putative inactivating somatic point and indel mutations (and in particular a loss of stop codon events). This study also provides preliminary evidence that loss of one or both copies of the tumor suppressor Capicua (CIC) contributes to primary tumor relapse and metastatic progression, potentially offering a treatment target for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Our work provides a resource for genetic, genomic, and biological studies employing two commonly-used prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Seim
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Penny L Jeffery
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Patrick B Thomas
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Lisa K Chopin
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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Parlakian A, Paulin D, Izmiryan A, Xue Z, Li Z. Intermediate filaments in peripheral nervous system: Their expression, dysfunction and diseases. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:607-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tanboon J, Williams EA, Louis DN. The Diagnostic Use of Immunohistochemical Surrogates for Signature Molecular Genetic Alterations in Gliomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:4-18. [PMID: 26671986 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of key mutations that affect treatment and prognosis have been identified in human gliomas. Two major ways to identify these mutations in a tumor sample are direct interrogation of the mutated DNA itself and immunohistochemistry to assess the effects of the mutated genes on proteins. Immunohistochemistry is an affordable, robust, and widely available technology that has been in place for decades. For this reason, the use of immunohistochemical approaches to assess molecular genetic changes has become an essential component of state-of-the-art practice. In contrast, even though DNA sequencing technologies are undergoing rapid development, many medical centers do not have access to such methodologies and may be thwarted by the relatively high costs of sending out such tests to reference laboratories. This review summarizes the current experience using immunohistochemistry of glioma samples to identify mutations in IDH1, TP53, ATRX, histone H3 genes, BRAF, EGFR, MGMT, CIC, and FUBP1 as well as guidelines for prudent use of DNA sequencing as a supplemental method.
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Zhao J, Liem RKH. α-Internexin and Peripherin: Expression, Assembly, Functions, and Roles in Disease. Methods Enzymol 2015; 568:477-507. [PMID: 26795481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-Internexin and peripherin are neuronal-specific intermediate filament (IF) proteins. α-Internexin is a type IV IF protein like the neurofilament triplet proteins (NFTPs, which include neurofilament light chain, neurofilament medium chain, and neurofilament high chain) that are generally considered to be the primary components of the neuronal IFs. However, α-internexin is often expressed together with the NFTPs and has been proposed as the fourth subunit of the neurofilaments in the central nervous system. α-Internexin is also expressed earlier in the development than the NFTPs and is a maker for neuronal IF inclusion disease. α-Internexin can self-polymerize in vitro and in transfected cells and it is present in the absence of the NFTP in development and in granule cells in the cerebellum. In contrast, peripherin is a type III IF protein. Like α-internexin, peripherin is specific to the nervous system, but it is expressed predominantly in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Peripherin can also self-assemble both in vitro and in transfected cells. It is as abundant as the NFTPs in the sciatic nerve and can be considered a fourth subunit of the neurofilaments in the PNS. Peripherin has multiple isoforms that arise from intron retention, cryptic intron receptor site or alternative translation initiation. The functional significance of these isoforms is not clear. Peripherin is a major component found in inclusions of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and peripherin expression is upregulated in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA
| | - Ronald K H Liem
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
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Matsumura N, Nobusawa S, Ikota H, Hirato J, Hirose T, Yokoo H, Nakazato Y. Coexpression of cyclin D1 and alpha-internexin in oligodendroglial tumors. Brain Tumor Pathol 2015; 32:261-7. [PMID: 26233522 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-015-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendroglial tumors with neuronal differentiation cases have been reported in recent studies. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) give rise to both oligodendrocytes and neurons; however, little is known about the association between OPCs and oligodendroglial tumors with neuronal differentiation. Previously, we observed the coexpression of cyclin D1, one of the OPC markers, and alpha-internexin (INA) in oligodendroglial tumor cells. INA is a neuronal marker, and has been indicated as an immunohistochemical surrogate of chromosome 1p/19q co-deletion in oligodendroglial tumors. In this study, we investigated the expression status in 83 gliomas immunohistochemically, and found that cyclin D1-positive cells were commonly detected in gliomas. There was no correlation between the cyclin D1 and Ki-67 labeling indices, suggesting an unrecognized role of cyclin D1 other than a cell cycle regulator in gliomas. Cyclin D1/INA double-positive cells were consistently observed in oligodendroglial tumors regardless of histological grade. In 2 cases of oligodendroglioma with neuronal differentiation, the tumor cells of neuronal morphology showed higher expression of INA, suggesting INA expression may be associated with a bona fide neuronal phenotype. The prevalence of cyclin D1/INA double-positive cells is a distinct feature of oligodendroglial tumors. This new characteristic finding may have practical utility in glioma classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Matsumura
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikota
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Junko Hirato
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takanori Hirose
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakazato
- Department of Pathology, Hidaka Hospital, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
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Schult D, Hölsken A, Buchfelder M, Schlaffer SM, Siegel S, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Fahlbusch R, Buslei R. Expression pattern of neuronal intermediate filament α-internexin in anterior pituitary gland and related tumors. Pituitary 2015; 18:465-73. [PMID: 25236435 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-014-0597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE α-Internexin (INA) is a class IV neuronal intermediate filament protein that maintains the morphogenesis of neurons. It is expressed in developing neuroblasts and represents the major component of the cytoskeleton in cerebellar granule cells of adult central nervous system tissue. Data concerning INA expression in the human frontal pituitary lobe and related adenomas (PA) is missing. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry we examined the distribution pattern of INA in a large cohort of 152 PA, 11 atypical PA, 4 pituitary carcinomas and 20 normal pituitaries (overall n = 187). Quantity of INA protein expression was semi-quantitatively evaluated and grouped into five categories (0 = 0%; 1 = >0-5%; 2 = >5-35%; 3 = >35-80%; 4 = >80% of cells). RESULTS Cellular staining intensity of INA appeared significantly higher in gonadotropinomas (Go, n = 62), null cell adenomas (NC, n = 7) and thyrotropinomas (TSHomas, n = 7) compared to the other tumor subtypes (p ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, Go and NC showed a peculiar pseudorosette-like staining pattern surrounding blood vessels in 85.5% (59/69) of cases. Interestingly, areas exhibiting homogenous INA staining were often associated with oncocytic cell changes and decreased immunohistochemically detectable hormone expression. Only 8.5% (8/94) of other PA showed a comparable INA distribution (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Go, NC as well as TSHomas exhibit high levels of intracellular INA protein indicating neuronal transdifferentiation. A possible impact on pathogenesis and endocrine activity needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schult
- Department of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Nagaishi M, Yokoo H, Nobusawa S, Fujii Y, Sugiura Y, Suzuki R, Tanaka Y, Suzuki K, Hyodo A. Localized overexpression of alpha-internexin within nodules in multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumors. Neuropathology 2015; 35:561-8. [PMID: 26073706 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumors (MVNT) have been recently referred to as a distinctive neuronal tumor entity based on histopathological findings. They are characterized by multiple tumor nodules, vacuolar alteration and widespread immunolabeling for human neuronal protein HuC/HuD. Only 13 cases have been reported in the literature to date and little is known about the histopathology of these tumors. Herein, we report a case of MVNT with additional confirmation of immunohistochemical features. A 22-year-old woman presented with a continuous headache. MRI showed a subcortical white matter lesion with multiple satellite nodules in the frontal lobe appearing as T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities. Histological examination of the resected lesion revealed well-defined multiple nodules composed of predominant vacuolating tumor cells. The tumor cells exhibited consistent immunolabeling for doublecortin, as well as HuC/HuD, both representative neuronal biomarkers associated with earlier stages of neuronal development. Immunopositivity for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) and S100 was also detected in tumor cells. Additionally, significant overexpression of alpha-internexin was observed in the background neuropil limited to tumor nodules. Neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), synaptophysin and neurofilament, markers for mature neurons, were either negative or weakly positive. The expression profile of neuronal biomarkers can be distinguished from that of classic neuronal tumors and is the immunohistochemical hallmark of MVNT. In summary, we identified the characteristic tumoral expression of HuC/HuD and doublecortin and the presence of abundant neuropil localized in MVNT tumor nodules, which exhibited widespread alpha-internexin expression. These results supported the presumption that MVNT is a distinct histopathological entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nagaishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555
| | - Yoshiki Sugiura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555
| | - Ryotaro Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555
| | - Akio Hyodo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555
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Brandner S, von Deimling A. Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive relevance of molecular markers in gliomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:694-720. [PMID: 25944653 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The advances of genome-wide 'discovery platforms' and the increasing affordability of the analysis of significant sample sizes have led to the identification of novel mutations in brain tumours that became diagnostically and prognostically relevant. The development of mutation-specific antibodies has facilitated the introduction of these convenient biomarkers into most neuropathology laboratories and has changed our approach to brain tumour diagnostics. However, tissue diagnosis will remain an essential first step for the correct stratification for subsequent molecular tests, and the combined interpretation of the molecular and tissue diagnosis ideally remains with the neuropathologist. This overview will help our understanding of the pathobiology of common intrinsic brain tumours in adults and help guiding which molecular tests can supplement and refine the tissue diagnosis of the most common adult intrinsic brain tumours. This article will discuss the relevance of 1p/19q codeletions, IDH1/2 mutations, BRAF V600E and BRAF fusion mutations, more recently discovered mutations in ATRX, H3F3A, TERT, CIC and FUBP1, for diagnosis, prognostication and predictive testing. In a tumour-specific topic, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mutations in the pathogenesis of pilocytic astrocytomas will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ and DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have led to better understanding of glioma tumorigenesis and biology. Numerous glioma biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value have been identified. Although some of these markers are already part of the routine clinical management of glioma patients, data regarding others are limited and difficult to apply routinely. In addition, multiple methods for molecular subclassification have been proposed either together with or as an alternative to the current morphologic classification and grading scheme. This article reviews the literature regarding glioma biomarkers and offers a few practical suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Pekmezci
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, #M551, Box 0102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arie Perry
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, #M551, Box 0102, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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