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Wei B, Zou W, Hu X, Wang Y, Chen C, Tang J, Kang P, Gao H, Tang J, Pan Z. Evolution of rates, patterns, and driving forces of green eco-spaces in a subtropical hilly region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172093. [PMID: 38556019 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring ecological resource change in mountainous and hilly areas (MHAs) is vital for theoretical and practical advancements of ecological resource utilization and management in complex ecosystems. The factors driving structural and functional changes in green eco-spaces (GES) in these areas are complex and uncertain, with notable spatial scale effects. However, analyzing the multi-scale driving mechanisms of ecological and socioeconomic factors at a fine spatiotemporal scale presents significant challenges. To address these challenges, we analyzed dynamic changes in GES and eco-socio-economic development in Shanghang County, a typical mountainous region in southern China. We used multiple linear regression and multi-scale geographically weighted regression model to identify key factors driving GES changes and their multi-scale effects at both global and local levels. Over the past two decades, the GES area in the study area has exhibited a consistent pattern of decline, characterized by phases of gradual decline (2000-2005), sharp decline (2005-2009), slow decline (2009-2019). Key global factors driving GES changes included elevation (ELE), slope (SLOPE), population density (PD), distance to settlements (SETTLE), and distance to administrative centers (ADMIN). These factors exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity and multi-scale effects on GES changes. Specifically, SETTLE, PD, SLOPE, and ELE consistently drove GES changes at the local level, while ADMIN only showed significant localized effects during 2005-2009. The synergy between SETTLE and SLOPE had a considerable impact on GES changes, increasing over time, whereas ELE and PD demonstrated a consistent trade-off effect. These findings provide detailed spatiotemporal insights into the driving mechanisms of natural ecological resources, offering crucial guidance for environmental management, land source management, regional economic development, and biodiversity conservation in Shanghang and analogous subtropical hilly regions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojing Wei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Institute of Urban and Rural Landscape Ecology, Yuelushan Laboratory Variety Innovation Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, CSUFT, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Institute of Urban and Rural Landscape Ecology, Yuelushan Laboratory Variety Innovation Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xijun Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Institute of Urban and Rural Landscape Ecology, Yuelushan Laboratory Variety Innovation Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Yezi Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Institute of Urban and Rural Landscape Ecology, Yuelushan Laboratory Variety Innovation Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China
| | - Cunyou Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Institute of Urban and Rural Landscape Ecology, Yuelushan Laboratory Variety Innovation Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Beijing Accurate Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
| | - Peng Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, CSUFT, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Haiqiang Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, CSUFT, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Jia Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Institute of Urban and Rural Landscape Ecology, Yuelushan Laboratory Variety Innovation Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, CSUFT, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
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Undin M, Atrena A, Carlsson F, Edman M, Jonsson BG, Sandström J. To what extent does surrounding landscape explain stand-level occurrence of conservation-relevant species in fragmented boreal and hemi-boreal forest?-a systematic review protocol. ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE 2022; 11:32. [PMID: 39294778 PMCID: PMC11378820 DOI: 10.1186/s13750-022-00287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silviculture and land-use change has reduced the amount of natural forest worldwide and left what remains confined to isolated fragments or stands. To understand processes governing species occurrence in such stands, much attention has been given to stand-level factors such as size, structure, and deadwood amount. However, the surrounding matrix will directly impact species dispersal and persistence, and the link between the surrounding landscape configuration, composition and history, and stand-level species occurrence has received insufficient attention. Thus, to facilitate optimisation of forest management and species conservation, we propose a review addressing 'To what extent does surrounding landscape explain stand-level occurrence of conservation-relevant species in fragmented boreal and hemi-boreal forest?'. METHODS The proposed systematic review will identify and synthesise relevant articles following the CEE guidelines for evidence synthesis and the ROSES standards. A search for peer-reviewed and grey literature will be conducted using four databases, two online search engines, and 36 specialist websites. Identified articles will be screened for eligibility in a two-step process; first on title and abstract, and second on the full text. Screening will be based on predefined eligibility criteria related to a PECO-model; population being boreal and hemi-boreal forest, exposure being fragmentation, comparator being landscapes with alternative composition, configuration, or history, and outcome being occurrence (i.e., presence and/or abundance) of conservation-relevant species. All articles that pass the full-text screening will go through study validity assessment and data extraction, and be part of a narrative review. If enough studies prove comparable, quantitative meta-analyses will also be performed. The objective of the narrative review and the meta-analyses will be to address the primary question as well as six secondary questions, and to identify important knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Undin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden.
| | - Anita Atrena
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Carlsson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Mattias Edman
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Bengt Gunnar Jonsson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jennie Sandström
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 851 70, Sundsvall, Sweden
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Antwi EK, Boakye-Danquah J, Owusu-Banahene W, Webster K, Dabros A, Wiebe P, Mayor SJ, Westwood A, Mansuy N, Setiawati MD, Yohuno Apronti PT, Bill K, Kwaku A, Kosuta S, Sarfo AK. A Global review of cumulative effects assessments of disturbances on forest ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115277. [PMID: 35751228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews trends in the academic literature on cumulative effects assessment (CEA) of disturbance on forest ecosystems to advance research in the broader context of impact assessments. Disturbance is any distinct spatiotemporal event that disrupts the structure and composition of an ecosystem affecting resource availability. We developed a Python package to automate search term selection, write search strategies, reduce bias and improve the efficient and effective selection of articles from academic databases and grey literature. We identified 148 peer-reviewed literature published between 1986 and 2022 and conducted an inductive and deductive thematic analysis of the results. Our findings revealed that CEA studies are concentrated in the global north, with most publications from authors affiliated with government agencies in the USA and Canada. Methodological and analytical approaches are less interdisciplinary but mainly quantitative and expert-driven, involving modeling the impacts of disturbances on biophysical valued components. Furthermore, the assessment of socioeconomic valued components, including the effects of disturbance on Indigenous wellbeing connected to forests, has received less attention. Even though there is a high preference for regional assessment, challenges with data access, quality, and analysis, especially baseline data over long periods, are hampering effective CEA. Few articles examined CEA - policy/management nexus. Of the few studies, challenges such as the inadequate implementation of CEA mitigation strategies due to policy drawbacks and resource constraints, the high cost of monitoring multiple indicators, and poor connections between scenarios/modeling and management actions were paramount. Future CEA research is needed to broaden our understanding of how multiple disturbance affects forests in the global south and coupled social and ecological systems and their implications for sustainable forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effah Kwabena Antwi
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - John Boakye-Danquah
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Kara Webster
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Anna Dabros
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Philip Wiebe
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Stephen J Mayor
- Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, Ontario Forest Research Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alana Westwood
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Nicolas Mansuy
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | - Kristen Bill
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Department of Biology, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adu Kwaku
- Sophia University, Global Environmental Studies, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonja Kosuta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
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Molinari C, Hantson S, Nieradzik LP. Fire Dynamics in Boreal Forests Over the 20th Century: A Data-Model Comparison. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.728958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire regimes across the world are expected to be altered by continuing variations in socio-economic conditions and climate. Current global fire-vegetation models are able to represent the present-day fire activity, but it is unclear how well they can simulate past or future scenarios. Here we use sedimentary charcoal-based biomass burning reconstructions to evaluate fire probability and total carbon flux emitted to the atmosphere per year simulated by the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS with its incorporated fire model SIMFIRE-BLAZE across the boreal region during the last century. The analyses were run for the whole time period (1900–2000 CE), as well as for the intervals 1900–1950 CE and 1950–2000 CE. The data–model comparison for the 20th century reveals a general disagreement in trends between charcoal reconstructions (with decreasing or stable trends) and simulations (showing an overall increase) at both global (boreal forests) and continental scales (North America and Fennoscandia), as well as for most of the regional sub-areas (Canada, Norway and Sweden). The only exceptions are Alaska and Finland/Russia Karelia, where all the variables increase. Negative correlations between observations and model outputs are also recorded for the two different sub-periods, except for Alaska and North America during the time interval 1900–1950 CE, and Norway and Finland/Russia Karelia between 1950 and 2000 CE. Despite several uncertainties in charcoal records, main differences between modeled and observed fire activity are probably due to limitations in the representation of the human impact on fire regime (especially connected to forest management and landscape fragmentation) in the model simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Frainer
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University Umeå Sweden
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Fram Centre Tromsø Norway
| | - Brendan G. McKie
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Kamerling IM, Schofield JE, Edwards KJ. Palynological evidence for pre-agricultural reindeer grazing and the later settlement history of the Lycksele region, northern Sweden. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 13:42. [PMID: 33643472 PMCID: PMC7882552 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-021-01275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of high-resolution pollen data, coprophilous fungal spores, microscopic charcoal and sedimentology, combined with radiocarbon dating, allow the assessment of the impact of Sami and Nordic land use in the region surrounding the winter market town of Lycksele in northern Sweden. Such winter markets were established by the Crown during the seventeenth century AD to control the semi-nomadic movements of the Sami who traded here with Finnish settlers and were also taxed and educated. Little is known about Sami and Nordic co-existence beyond these market places, mainly due to a lack of archaeological evidence relating to Sami activity. Vegetation and land-use changes in the region between ~ AD 250 and 1825 reveal no signal for pre-seventeenth century agricultural activity, but the coprophilous fungal spore records suggest the increased regional presence of grazing herbivores (possibly reindeer) between ~ AD 800 and 1100. Sami activity in the parish of Lycksele has been suggested by rich metal finds dated to ~ AD 1000-1350 and they may have been attracted by an abundance of reindeer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse M. Kamerling
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE UK
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK
- Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK
| | - J. Edward Schofield
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK
| | - Kevin J. Edwards
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK
- Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research and Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Zegers G, Arellano E, Östlund L. Using forest historical information to target landscape ecological restoration in Southwestern Patagonia. AMBIO 2020; 49:986-999. [PMID: 31364006 PMCID: PMC7028889 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ecotonal zones between eastern semi-arid steppes and Nothofagus spp. forests in western Patagonia are the result of broad ecosystem changes, which have intensified in the last 140 years. Our objectives were to determine historical changes in land use, land cover, and forces driving such changes in Nothofagus ecosystems in the Río Verde district in southern Chile, to support future management recommendations. This interdisciplinary study used historical records including scientific and military expeditions, Landsat imagery, and other archival sources. Forest cover changed radically between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, from subsistence use by indigenous peoples, to forestry and livestock industries. The main driving forces of landscape change have been anthropogenic forest fires, logging, exotic pasture establishment, and mining. Future perspectives suggest that conserving the cultural values and natural resources of this region will depend on ecologically sound landscape planning, reversing forest fragmentation, restoring riparian corridors, and preserving indigenous archaeological sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zegers
- Río Seco Natural History Museum (MHNRS), Cataratas del Niágara 01316, 6210358 Punta Arenas, Región de Magallanes Chile
| | - Eduardo Arellano
- College of Agriculture and Forest Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7810000 Macul, Santiago Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Cambio Global, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lars Östlund
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogens ekologi och skötsel, SLU, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Migration of Rural Residents to Urban Areas Drives Grassland Vegetation Increase in China’s Loess Plateau. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11236764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human activities are critical factors influencing ecosystem sustainability. However, knowledge on regarding the mechanisms underlying the response of vegetation dynamics to human activities remains limited. To detect the driving factors and their individual contribution to the grassland vegetation dynamics in China’s Loess Plateau, a structural equation model (SEM) and a principal component regression model were built. The SEM showed that population change and urbanization, temperature and humidity, and agriculture and economy accounted for 62.5%, 31.2%, and 7.7%, respectively, of the overall impact directly affecting grassland vegetation dynamics. Furthermore, the principal component regression model demonstrated that the effects of the urbanization rate on the grassland above-ground biomass exceeded those of the other factors. The agriculture population had the maximum negative effect on grassland area. The higher the urbanization rate means the higher the number of residents migrates from rural to urban areas. Following this argument, the disturbances of human activities to grassland vegetation were expected to gradually decrease in rural areas, where the vast majority of the Loess Plateau is located. The migration of rural residents to urban areas promoted the increase in biomass and areas of grassland vegetation. Our findings suggest that the effect of urbanization should be considered when assessing vegetation change.
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Jiang L, Yu L. Analyzing land use intensity changes within and outside protected areas using ESA CCI-LC datasets. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Qian D, Cao G, Du Y, Li Q, Guo X. Impacts of climate change and human factors on land cover change in inland mountain protected areas: a case study of the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve in China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:486. [PMID: 31289942 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, natural reserves have been affected by both climate change and human activities, and their land cover has changed dramatically, especially in mountain reserves, which are more sensitive to climate change and human activities. This paper used long-term Landsat and MODIS NDVI remote sensing data to monitor the changes of land cover and vegetation conditions in the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve (QMNNR) in China from 1975 to 2015, and analysed the impacts of climate change and human activities in combination with meteorological and socioeconomic data. The results show that the land cover structure of the QMNNR has remained stable over the past 40 years, but the total area of natural vegetation has decreased by 49.55 km2, the artificial surface and cropland has expanded by 13.68 and 32.57 km2 in some areas, respectively, and the glacier has retreated by 33.34 km2 as a whole. The warming and humidification trend of the climate is the leading factor for glacial retreat and the improvement of the overall vegetation condition, while population growth and economic benefits lead to the expansion of cropland and artificial surfaces in some areas, thus causing the reduction of 18.80 and 28.30 km2 in shrubland and grassland. This study proves that the system of protected areas plays a key role in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem structure and that reducing the population density around the protected areas and changing the mode of economic development can effectively reduce the intensity of human interference. Under the background of climate warming, the change of the ecosystem function in mountain protected areas is full of uncertainty, so management and protection strategies need to be studied in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23 Xinning Road, Xining, 810008, Qinghai Province, China.
| | - Guangmin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23 Xinning Road, Xining, 810008, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yangong Du
- Key Laboratory of Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23 Xinning Road, Xining, 810008, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23 Xinning Road, Xining, 810008, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 23 Xinning Road, Xining, 810008, Qinghai Province, China
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11
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Eriksson O. What is biological cultural heritage and why should we care about it? An example from Swedish rural landscapes and forests. NATURE CONSERVATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.28.25067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a growing concern that biocultural heritage is threatened in many landscapes. This paper focuses on biological cultural heritage, broadly meaning biological cultural traces that are considered as heritage, but leaving out other aspects of the biocultural heritage concept. An operational definition of biological cultural heritage (BCH) is suggested, based on niche construction theory: “biological manifestations of culture, reflecting indirect or intentional effects, or domesticated landscapes, resulting from historical human niche construction”. Some factors that influence recognition of BCH are discussed, using a comparison between Swedish open to semi-open vs. forested landscapes. While the former landscapes are generally associated with biological cultural values, BCH is generally over-looked in forests. Two main reasons for this are suggested: loss of cultural memory and a perception of forests as wilderness. A conclusion is that recognition of BCH is essential for guiding development of biological conservation programmes in forests, irrespective of whether the conservation goal is to focus on culturally impacted forests or to conserve what is considered as close to pristine forests. Furthermore, recognising BCH in forests will promote interest and learning of the history of forests and their values and will be informative for developing conservation programmes for all biota in forests, not only those that historically were favoured by culture. Hence, there is no inherent conflict between preserving relatively untouched forests and those with remaining traces of pre-industrial forest management. The recognition of BCH in forests will inspire and promote further integration of cultural and natural heritage research.
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12
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Liu W, Lu F, Luo Y, Bo W, Kong L, Zhang L, Liu B, Ouyang Z, Wang X. Human influence on the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of forest biomass carbon in China. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6220-6230. [PMID: 28861227 PMCID: PMC5574751 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Global carbon cycles are impacted by human activity primarily via fossil fuel combustion and forest carbon budget alterations. In this study, the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of forest biomass carbon (FBC) stock and density in China were analyzed to assess the large‐scale effects of humans on FBC. The results indicated that from 1977 to 2013, the FBC stock increased by 62.9%, from 4,335 to 7,064 Tg C, owing to human‐driven forestation and ecological restoration programs. Because of intensive human impacts, 44.2%–54.6% of the FBC stock was concentrated in four provinces (Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Sichuan) and the FBC density increased from the densely populated southeastern provinces to the sparsely populated northeastern and western provinces. On a spatial scale, the FBC density was significantly negatively related to population density, and the degree of the dependence of the FBC density on population density has been declining since 1998. This improvement in human–forest relations is related to economic development and programs in China that have promoted forestation and reduced deforestation. These results suggest that human impacts, including forestation, deforestation, population density, and economic development, have played significant roles in determining the temporal and spatial variations of FBC in the anthropogenic era. Moreover, our findings have implications for forest management and improvement of the forest carbon sink in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,Joint Center for Global Change Studies (JCGCS) Beijing China
| | - Yunjian Luo
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University Yangzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wenjing Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lingqiao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Bojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Wu C, Venevsky S, Sitch S, Yang Y, Wang M, Wang L, Gao Y. Present-day and future contribution of climate and fires to vegetation composition in the boreal forest of China. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling; Department of Earth System Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter EX4 4QF UK
| | - Sergey Venevsky
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling; Department of Earth System Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter EX4 4QF UK
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling; Department of Earth System Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Menghui Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling; Department of Earth System Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling; Department of Earth System Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yu Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling; Department of Earth System Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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Kamerling IM, Schofield JE, Edwards KJ, Aronsson KÅ. High-resolution palynology reveals the land use history of a Sami renvall in northern Sweden. VEGETATION HISTORY AND ARCHAEOBOTANY 2016; 26:369-388. [PMID: 32025103 PMCID: PMC6979733 DOI: 10.1007/s00334-016-0596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The limited availability of historical and archaeological evidence means that much is still unknown about the development of Sami reindeer herding in Fennoscandia in both the recent and more distant past. To address this problem, high-resolution palynological analyses, 14C and 210Pb dating were undertaken on two adjacent (<25 m apart) peat profiles collected at a recently abandoned reindeer gathering pen (renvall) near Jokkmokk (~66.6°N, 19.8°E) in the boreal forest of northern Sweden. The aim was to assess the impact of Sami reindeer herding on the local environment through a study of pollen, coprophilous fungal spores, microscopic charcoal and sedimentology. The samples collected from within an annex to the renvall indicate cycles of use and abandonment of the pen on a multi-decadal timescale between ~ad 1800-2008, most obviously in the coprophilous fungal spore archive. The pattern and timing of these cycles confirm events previously known only from oral histories. Although the local pollen assemblage zones associated with the phasing of activity were reproducible in a second peat core beyond the boundary of the renvall, the coprophilous fungal spore signal in this paired profile was much less distinctive, possibly due to the typically shorter dispersal distances for these microfossils in comparison to pollen grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse M. Kamerling
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK
| | - J. Edward Schofield
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK
| | - Kevin J. Edwards
- Department of Geography and Environment, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK
- Department of Archaeology, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK
| | - Kjell-Åke Aronsson
- Ájtte, Swedish Mountain and Sami Museum, Box 116, 962 23 Jokkmokk, Sweden
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Ren Y, Deng LY, Zuo SD, Song XD, Liao YL, Xu CD, Chen Q, Hua LZ, Li ZW. Quantifying the influences of various ecological factors on land surface temperature of urban forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:519-529. [PMID: 27321883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Identifying factors that influence the land surface temperature (LST) of urban forests can help improve simulations and predictions of spatial patterns of urban cool islands. This requires a quantitative analytical method that combines spatial statistical analysis with multi-source observational data. The purpose of this study was to reveal how human activities and ecological factors jointly influence LST in clustering regions (hot or cool spots) of urban forests. Using Xiamen City, China from 1996 to 2006 as a case study, we explored the interactions between human activities and ecological factors, as well as their influences on urban forest LST. Population density was selected as a proxy for human activity. We integrated multi-source data (forest inventory, digital elevation models (DEM), population, and remote sensing imagery) to develop a database on a unified urban scale. The driving mechanism of urban forest LST was revealed through a combination of multi-source spatial data and spatial statistical analysis of clustering regions. The results showed that the main factors contributing to urban forest LST were dominant tree species and elevation. The interactions between human activity and specific ecological factors linearly or nonlinearly increased LST in urban forests. Strong interactions between elevation and dominant species were generally observed and were prevalent in either hot or cold spots areas in different years. In conclusion, quantitative studies based on spatial statistics and GeogDetector models should be conducted in urban areas to reveal interactions between human activities, ecological factors, and LST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism of Xiamen, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| | - Lu-Ying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism of Xiamen, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shu-Di Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism of Xiamen, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station-NUEORS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Song
- College of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Lan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Geography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, 96822, USA
| | - Li-Zhong Hua
- Department of Spatial Information Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Li
- China United Network Communications Group Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, China
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Ghazoul J, Burivalova Z, Garcia-Ulloa J, King LA. Conceptualizing Forest Degradation. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 30:622-632. [PMID: 26411619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Forest degradation is a global environmental issue, but its definition is problematic. Difficulties include choosing appropriate reference states, timescales, thresholds, and forest values. We dispense with many such ambiguities by interpreting forest degradation through the frame of ecological resilience, and with reference to forest dynamics. Specifically, we define forest degradation as a state of anthropogenically induced arrested succession, where ecological processes that underlie forest dynamics are diminished or severely constrained. Metrics of degradation might include those that reflect ecological processes shaping community dynamics, notably the regeneration of plant species. Arrested succession implies that management intervention is necessary to recover successional trajectories. Such a definition can be applied to any forest ecosystem, and can also be extended to other ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaboury Ghazoul
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Zuzana Burivalova
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa A King
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Degteva SV, Ponomarev VI, Eisenman SW, Dushenkov V. Striking the balance: Challenges and perspectives for the protected areas network in northeastern European Russia. AMBIO 2015; 44:473-490. [PMID: 25663528 PMCID: PMC4552719 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Increasing anthropogenic pressure on the largest remaining tracts of old-growth boreal forest in Europe necessitates additional conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity in northeastern European Russia. In a regional network comprising 8 % of the Nenets Autonomous District and 13.5 % of the Komi Republic, 248 areas have varying protected statuses as state nature reserves (zapovedniks), national parks, reserves/sanctuaries (zakazniks), or natural monuments. Due to increased natural resource extraction in this relatively pristine area, designation of additional protected areas is critical for the protection of key ecological sites. The history of ecological preservation in these regions is herein described, and recent recommendations for incorporating additional ecologically representative areas into the regional network are presented. If the protected area network can be expanded, the overall environmental stability in these globally significant ecosystems may remain intact, and can help Russia meet the 2020 Aichi conservation targets, as set forth by the Convention of Biological Diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Degteva
- />Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, UrD, RAS Kommunisticheskaya str., 28, 167982 Syktyvkar, GSP Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Vasily I. Ponomarev
- />Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, UrD, RAS, Kommunisticheskaya Str., 28, 167982 Syktyvkar, GSP Komi Republic, Russia
| | - Sasha W. Eisenman
- />Department of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Temple University, 201 Dixon Hall, 580 Meetinghouse Road, Ambler, PA 19002 USA
| | - Vyacheslav Dushenkov
- />Natural Sciences Department, Eugenio María de Hostos Community College – City University of New York, 500 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY 10451 USA
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Beauséjour R, Handa IT, Lechowicz MJ, Gilbert B, Vellend M. Historical anthropogenic disturbances influence patterns of non-native earthworm and plant invasions in a temperate primary forest. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Freschet GT, Ostlund L, Kichenin E, Wardle DA. Aboveground and belowground legacies of native Sami land use on boreal forest in northern Sweden 100 years after abandonment. Ecology 2014; 95:963-77. [PMID: 24933815 DOI: 10.1890/13-0824.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human activities that involve land-use change often cause major transformations to community and ecosystem properties both aboveground and belowground, and when land use is abandoned, these modifications can persist for extended periods. However, the mechanisms responsible for rapid recovery vs. long-term maintenance of ecosystem changes following abandonment remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the long-term ecological effects of two remote former settlements, regularly visited for -300 years by reindeer-herding Sami and abandoned -100 years ago, within an old-growth boreal forest that is considered one of the most pristine regions in northern Scandinavia. These human legacies were assessed through measurements of abiotic and biotic soil properties and vegetation characteristics at the settlement sites and at varying distances from them. Low-intensity land use by Sami is characterized by the transfer of organic matter towards the settlements by humans and reindeer herds, compaction of soil through trampling, disappearance of understory vegetation, and selective cutting of pine trees for fuel and construction. As a consequence, we found a shift towards early successional plant species and a threefold increase in soil microbial activity and nutrient availability close to the settlements relative to away from them. These changes in soil fertility and vegetation contributed to 83% greater total vegetation productivity, 35% greater plant biomass, and 23% and 16% greater concentrations of foliar N and P nearer the settlements, leading to a greater quantity and quality of litter inputs. Because decomposer activity was also 40% greater towards the settlements, soil organic matter cycling and nutrient availability were further increased, leading to likely positive feedbacks between the aboveground and belowground components resulting from historic land use. Although not all of the activities typical of Sami have left visible residual traces on the ecosystem after 100 years, their low-intensity but long-term land use at settlement sites has triggered a rejuvenation of the ecosystem that is still present. Our data demonstrates that aboveground-belowground interactions strongly control ecosystem responses to historical human land use and that medium- to long-term consequences of even low-intensity human activities must be better accounted for if we are to predict and manage ecosystems succession following land-use abandonment.
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Russell W, Sinclair J, Michels KH. Restoration of Coast Redwood (<i>Sequoia sempervirens</i>) Forests through Natural Recovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojf.2014.42016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Leroux SJ, Kerr JT. Land development in and around protected areas at the wilderness frontier. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2013; 27:166-176. [PMID: 23088594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas' chief conservation objectives are to include species within their boundaries and protect them from negative external pressures. Many protected areas are not achieving these goals, perhaps in part due to land development inside and outside protected areas. We conducted spatial analyses to evaluate the ability of Canadian protected areas to mitigate the effects of nearby land development. We investigated correlations of national patterns of land development in and around protected areas and then examined national patterns of roads, urban area, and croplands in protected areas. We calculated the amount of developed land in protected areas and within 25-100 km of protected-area borders, the density of roads, and extent of urban and cropland area in protected areas. We constructed logistic-regression models to test whether development in a protected area was associated with landscape and protected-area characteristics. Land development was far less extensive inside than outside protected areas. However, several protected areas, particularly small southern areas near small urban centers had substantial development inside their boundaries, and nearly half of protected areas had roads. The cumulative extent of development within 50 km of protected areas was the best predictor of the probability of land development in protected areas. Canadian First Nations, industries, government, and nongovernmental organizations are currently planning an unprecedented number of new protected areas. Careful management of areas beyond protected-area boundaries may prove critical to meeting their long-term conservation objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn J Leroux
- Canadian Facility for Ecoinformatics Research, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Ren Y, Yan J, Wei X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Hua L, Xiong Y, Niu X, Song X. Effects of rapid urban sprawl on urban forest carbon stocks: integrating remotely sensed, GIS and forest inventory data. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 113:447-455. [PMID: 23122621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Research on the effects of urban sprawl on carbon stocks within urban forests can help support policy for sustainable urban design. This is particularly important given climate change and environmental deterioration as a result of rapid urbanization. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of urban sprawl on dynamics of forest carbon stock and density in Xiamen, a typical city experiencing rapid urbanization in China. Forest resource inventory data collected from 32,898 patches in 4 years (1972, 1988, 1996 and 2006), together with remotely sensed data (from 1988, 1996 and 2006), were used to investigate vegetation carbon densities and stocks in Xiamen, China. We classified the forests into four groups: (1) forest patches connected to construction land; (2) forest patches connected to farmland; (3) forest patches connected to both construction land and farmland and (4) close forest patches. Carbon stocks and densities of four different types of forest patches during different urbanization periods in three zones (urban core, suburb and exurb) were compared to assess the impact of human disturbance on forest carbon. In the urban core, the carbon stock and carbon density in all four forest patch types declined over the study period. In the suburbs, different urbanization processes influenced forest carbon density and carbon stock in all four forest patch types. Urban sprawl negatively affected the surrounding forests. In the exurbs, the carbon stock and carbon density in all four forest patch types tended to increase over the study period. The results revealed that human disturbance played the dominant role in influencing the carbon stock and density of forest patches close to the locations of human activities. In forest patches far away from the locations of human activities, natural forest regrowth was the dominant factor affecting carbon stock and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ren
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Sjögren P, Kirchhefer AJ. Historical legacy of the old-growth pine forest in Dividalen, northern Scandes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2012.729760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Per Sjögren
- a Tromsø Museum , University of Tromsø , NO-9037 , Tromsø , Norway
- b Museum of Natural History and Archaeology , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , NO-7491 , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Andreas J. Kirchhefer
- a Tromsø Museum , University of Tromsø , NO-9037 , Tromsø , Norway
- b Museum of Natural History and Archaeology , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , NO-7491 , Trondheim , Norway
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Mori AS. Ecosystem management based on natural disturbances: hierarchical context and non-equilibrium paradigm. J Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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